Article ; Online: Type 2 and Non-type 2 Inflammation in the Upper Airways: Cellular and Molecular Alterations in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cell Populations.
Current allergy and asthma reports
2024 Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 211–219
Abstract: Purpose of review: Neurogenesis occurring in the olfactory epithelium is critical to continuously replace olfactory neurons to maintain olfactory function, but is impaired during chronic type 2 and non-type 2 inflammation of the upper airways. In this ... ...
Abstract | Purpose of review: Neurogenesis occurring in the olfactory epithelium is critical to continuously replace olfactory neurons to maintain olfactory function, but is impaired during chronic type 2 and non-type 2 inflammation of the upper airways. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction and the olfactory alterations in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (type 2 inflammation) and post-viral acute rhinosinusitis (non-type 2 inflammation), highlighting the role of immune response attenuating olfactory neurogenesis as a possibly mechanism for the loss of smell in these diseases. Recent findings: Several studies have provided relevant insights into the role of basal stem cells as direct participants in the progression of chronic inflammation identifying a functional switch away from a neuro-regenerative phenotype to one contributing to immune defense, a process that induces a deficient replacement of olfactory neurons. The interaction between olfactory stem cells and immune system might critically underlie ongoing loss of smell in type 2 and non-type 2 inflammatory upper airway diseases. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction and the olfactory alterations in type 2 and non-type 2 inflammatory upper airway diseases, highlighting the role of immune response attenuating olfactory neurogenesis, as a possibly mechanism for the lack of loss of smell recovery. |
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MeSH term(s) | Humans ; Smell/physiology ; Anosmia/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Olfactory Mucosa/metabolism ; Sinusitis ; Olfaction Disorders ; Chronic Disease ; Rhinitis |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2024-03-16 |
Publishing country | United States |
Document type | Journal Article ; Review |
ZDB-ID | 2057370-4 |
ISSN | 1534-6315 ; 1529-7322 |
ISSN (online) | 1534-6315 |
ISSN | 1529-7322 |
DOI | 10.1007/s11882-024-01137-x |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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