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Article ; Online: Does climate change alter the nutrient trends of Cedrela fissilis Vell. trees in the southern Brazilian Amazon?

Daigard R. Ortega Rodriguez / Raúl Sánchez-Salguero / Andrea Hevia / Renata C. Bovi / Marciel J. Ferreira / James H. Speer / Fidel A. Roig / Mario Tomazello-Filho

Ecological Processes, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 22

Abstract: Abstract Background The increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts is pointed out as one of the main factors altering biogeochemical cycles in the Amazon basin. An eco-nutritional approach using X-ray fluorescence micro-analysis (µXRF) is ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts is pointed out as one of the main factors altering biogeochemical cycles in the Amazon basin. An eco-nutritional approach using X-ray fluorescence micro-analysis (µXRF) is proposed to verify the long- and short-term effects of droughts on the growth and xylem nutrient concentrations of Cedrela fissilis Vell. Methods Fourteen radii were selected from a tree-ring width chronology and X-rayed by Itrax Multiscanner. Profiles of ring width, wood density, and concentrations of aluminum (Al), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and strontium (Sr) together with Al/Ca, Ca/Mn, K/Ca, Sr/Ca and Mn/S ratios were constructed and correlated with precipitation, temperature, the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (P-PET) and standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Results During dry years, C. fissilis showed narrower, less dense rings, lower Al, P, S and Ca, and higher K and Fe concentrations (the opposite was found in wet years). Ring width decreased (together with Al, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Sr, Al/Ca, K/Ca and Sr/Ca) and wood density increased (together with Ca/Mn and Mn/S), which was associated with an increase in evapotranspiration and temperature over time, mainly since 1990. Cedrela fissilis showed a tendency to increase its capacity for resistance, and a recovery and resilience in growth over time associated with responses in Al, Ca, P and S. However, it showed a risk in the capacity for recovery of the pre-drought density values, associated with unsatisfactory responses in Al, Ca, K, Fe and P. Conclusions This study is the first attempt to analyze tree-ring nutritional evidences of C. fissilis trees to climate sensitivity and resilience to drought, based on long-term data from seasonal moist tropical forests of the Amazon. Our data suggested that C. fissilis is undergoing alterations in the concentration, use and redistribution of nutrients associated ...
Keywords	Dendrochemistry ; µXRF ; Drought ; Tropical tree ; Eco-chemical indicator ; Resilience ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Wood density of loblolly pine trees as affected by crown thinnings and harvest age in southern Brazil

Dobner, Mário, Jr / Juergen Huss / Mário Tomazello Filho

Wood science and technology. 2018 Mar., v. 52, no. 2

2018

Abstract: The Brazilian plantation forestry is well known for high yields. Such yields are not necessarily linked with acceptable wood quality. Pine plantations are an important source of timber in Brazil, and although pulp and paper production plays a dominant ... ...

Abstract	The Brazilian plantation forestry is well known for high yields. Such yields are not necessarily linked with acceptable wood quality. Pine plantations are an important source of timber in Brazil, and although pulp and paper production plays a dominant role, there is an increasing need for sawtimber, and even high-quality timber is in demand. The impacts of crown thinning on ring width, ring density and juvenile–mature wood of loblolly pine trees were analysed. The experimental design included no thinning, an extreme release from competition, and two practice-oriented variants with moderate and heavy thinnings. X-ray microdensitometry provided ring width and density for 1197 rings and 44 trees. Mean ring width at 1.3 m height varied from 6 to 9 mm, reaching a maximum of 22 mm during the first 3–6 years regardless of thinning intensity. Only occasional differences were verified in ring densities produced from the different thinning variants. The transition from juvenile to mature wood occurred between 13 and 17 years of age. From the analysis of wood density, extreme and early thinning delayed the production of mature wood in ~ 4 years compared with non-thinned or practice-oriented thinned stands. At the same harvest age, thinning had no effect on wood density. However, harvest age itself was a determinant for obtaining wood of higher density. Altogether, results indicated that regarding current market demands no constraints related to the analysed wood characteristics are to be expected, even if extreme thinning regimes are applied.
Keywords	Pinus taeda ; densitometry ; experimental design ; juveniles ; papermaking ; plantation forestry ; plantations ; pulp ; sawlogs ; thinning (plants) ; trees ; wood density ; wood quality ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-03
Size	p. 465-485.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	241313-9
ISSN	0043-7719
ISSN	0043-7719
DOI	10.1007/s00226-017-0983-9
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Wood anatomy of trees of “canela” species (Ocotea and Nectandra, Lauraceae) from Santa Catarina, Brazil

Felipe Bernardino Guimarães / Mário Tomazello Filho / Ana Claudia Rodrigues

Biotemas, Vol 30, Iss 3, Pp 9-

2017 Volume 24

Abstract: The trees known as “canela” belong to the genera Ocotea and Nectandra (Lauraceae) and are difficult to identify at the genus and species level based on their wood. The present work describes anatomical and organoleptic characteristics of the wood of ... ...

Abstract	The trees known as “canela” belong to the genera Ocotea and Nectandra (Lauraceae) and are difficult to identify at the genus and species level based on their wood. The present work describes anatomical and organoleptic characteristics of the wood of Ocotea and Nectandra species that can be used for identification. Wood discs were collected at breast height (BH 1.30 m) from trunks of Nectandra megapotamica, N. lanceolata, Ocotea porosa, O. puberula, O. pulchella and Ocotea sp., in four municipalities in the interior of Santa Catarina State. The macroscopic anatomy and organoleptic characteristics were described based on standard techniques used in wood anatomy studies. The results show that the species of Nectandra and Ocotea can be separated by their axial parenchyma distinctness, diagonal arrangement of vessels, wood color and odor. A dichotomous key to the studied species of Lauraceae is also provided. The present work found that it was possible to identify the species studied using macroscopic anatomy and organoleptic properties of the wood; however, it was not possible to distinguish Ocotea from Nectandra.
Keywords	Anatomia do lenho ; Caracterização macroscópica ; Identificação de madeiras ; Propriedades organolépticas ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Dendrochronology and dendroclimatology of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna (Malvaceae) exposed to urban pollution in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil

Vasconcellos, Thaís Jorge de / Cátia Henriques Callado / Mário Tomazello-Filho

Dendrochronologia. 2019 Feb., v. 53

2019

Abstract: Nowadays, the biological monitoring through the growth rings has received increasing attention from ecologists and toxicologists. Structural analysis of these rings allows the incorporation of a time component in the study of plant responses to ... ...

Abstract	Nowadays, the biological monitoring through the growth rings has received increasing attention from ecologists and toxicologists. Structural analysis of these rings allows the incorporation of a time component in the study of plant responses to environmental variation. This allows also to evaluate long time series from the woody plants. In this paper, we assessed the dendrochronological characteristics of Ceiba speciosa growing in forest environment and under urbanization impact. Stem samples were obtained with Pressler probe into trees growing the campus of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, adjacent to one of the main urban thoroughfares of the city of Rio de Janeiro (Avenida Brasil), and at Tinguá Biological Reserve, an important remnant of Atlantic Forest. The samples were processed and analyzed following usual dendrochronological methods, with COFECHA and ARSTAN softwares. A negative exponential curve was used for standardization of the series. The residual chronologies were correlated with precipitation and temperature indexes obtained from NOAA weather database. Growth rings are distinct and annual, marked by bands of marginal parenchyma, thick-walled and radially flattened fibres in latewood and distended rays in earlywood. In both sites, the intercorrelation between the trees was above 0.40. Ages ranged from 11 to 41 years in the urban site and from 27 to 64 years in the forest site. In urban area, mean annual increment and cumulative average growth rates were 6 mm/year and 142.62 mm, respectively. At the forest site, these rates were 4 mm/year and 173.07 mm, respectively. The comparison between cumulative radial increment of the two sites revealed that trees of the urban site had higher increment rates beginning at the start of their development and consequently, they showed similar diameters despite lower ages. Correlation analysis between the chronologies and climatic factors revealed a positive association between growth and hot and rainy periods for both study sites. However, there is an immediate response of urban trees in relation to the rains and, a late response of forest trees to the same factor. The dry and hot climate, typical of urban environments, and the absence of natural water reserves in urban soil, may explain this more immediate response of urban tree growth to rainfall and temperature indexes. Our results revealed that Ceiba speciosa is a plastic and stress-tolerant species that is able to survive and adapt to polluted urban conditions. These features, along with its wide natural distribution and frequent planting for city landscaping, make this species an important biomarker for environmental monitoring studies.
Keywords	biomarkers ; Ceiba ; climatic factors ; databases ; dendroclimatology ; earlywood ; environmental monitoring ; forest trees ; forests ; geographical distribution ; landscaping ; latewood ; plant response ; planting ; pollution ; rain ; temperature ; time series analysis ; tree growth ; urban areas ; urban soils ; urbanization ; wet season ; woody plants ; Brazil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-02
Size	p. 104-113.
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2088117-4
ISSN	1612-0051 ; 1125-7865
ISSN (online)	1612-0051
ISSN	1125-7865
DOI	10.1016/j.dendro.2018.12.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Nutrient concentrations of 17- year-old Pinus taeda annual tree-rings analyzed by X-ray fluorescence microanalysis

Ortega Rodriguez, Daigard Ricardo / Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho / Mario Tomazello-Filho

Dendrochronologia. 2018 Dec., v. 52

2018

Abstract: Tree-rings are sensitive indicators of soil chemical changes. X-ray fluorescence microanalysis (μ-XRF) can reveal the elemental distribution pattern along these rings. However, reports on quantitative μ-XRF methods targeted to wood analysis are scarce. ... ...

Abstract	Tree-rings are sensitive indicators of soil chemical changes. X-ray fluorescence microanalysis (μ-XRF) can reveal the elemental distribution pattern along these rings. However, reports on quantitative μ-XRF methods targeted to wood analysis are scarce. This study aimed to analyze iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) in annual tree-rings of wood cores cut from 24 trees of 17 year-old Pinus taeda planted in soil amended with six doses of composted pulp-mill sludge (CPMS). The nutrient concentrations were accessed using calibration curves built with spiked P. taeda wood pellets. Calcium and Mn content decreased from the pith to bark direction; K and S decreased from the pith up to 3rd tree-ring and, then, increased to the bark. Iron and P slight decreased from the pith up to the 13–14th tree-ring. Calcium, K and S presented strong and positive correlation with the rainier and hotter season (r > 0.4, p < 0.05). The CPMS increased the Ca, K, Fe and S and decreased Mn and P concentration in P. taeda wood in the 2nd–5th years. Furthermore, the P. taeda annual tree-ring molar ratios of Ca/Mn and K/Ca were good indicators of soil-pH and wood cambium activity. The μ-XRF methodology, as non-destructive method of nutrient concentration analysis in tree-rings, revealed potential uses in monitoring soil fertilizer treatments.
Keywords	bark ; calcium ; cambium ; fertilizer application ; growth rings ; iron ; manganese ; monitoring ; nondestructive methods ; nutrient content ; phosphorus ; Pinus taeda ; pith ; potassium ; sludge ; soil amendments ; soil pH ; sulfur ; trees ; wood ; X-radiation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 67-79.
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2088117-4
ISSN	1612-0051 ; 1125-7865
ISSN (online)	1612-0051
ISSN	1125-7865
DOI	10.1016/j.dendro.2018.09.009
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Wood density variation and tree ring distinctness in Gmelina arborea trees by x-ray densitometry

Roger Moya / Mario Tomazello Filho

Cerne, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 92-

2009 Volume 100

Abstract: Due to its relationship with other properties, wood density is the main wood quality parameter. Modern, accuratemethods such as X-ray densitometry - are applied to determine the spatial distribution of density in wood sections and to evaluatewood quality. ...

Abstract	Due to its relationship with other properties, wood density is the main wood quality parameter. Modern, accuratemethods such as X-ray densitometry - are applied to determine the spatial distribution of density in wood sections and to evaluatewood quality. The objectives of this study were to determinate the influence of growing conditions on wood density variation andtree ring demarcation of gmelina trees from fast growing plantations in Costa Rica. The wood density was determined by X-raydensitometry method. Wood samples were cut from gmelina trees and were exposed to low X-rays. The radiographic films weredeveloped and scanned using a 256 gray scale with 1000 dpi resolution and the wood density was determined by CRAD and CERDsoftware. The results showed tree-ring boundaries were distinctly delimited in trees growing in site with rainfall lower than 2510 mm/year. It was demonstrated that tree age, climatic conditions and management of plantation affects wood density and its variability. Thespecific effect of variables on wood density was quantified by for multiple regression method. It was determined that tree yearexplained 25.8% of the total variation of density and 19.9% were caused by climatic condition where the tree growing. Wood densitywas less affected by the intensity of forest management with 5.9% of total variation.
Keywords	Gmelina arborea ; Tree-rings ; X-ray densitometry ; Wood anatomy ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5 ; Agriculture ; S ; DOAJ:Forestry ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
Subject code	420
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidade Federal de Lavras
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Growth Assessment of Native Tree Species from the Southwestern Brazilian Amazonia by Post-AD 1950 14 C Analysis

Guaciara M. Santos / Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez / Nathan de Oliveira Barreto / Gabriel Assis-Pereira / Ana Carolina Barbosa / Fidel A. Roig / Mário Tomazello-Filho

Forests, Vol 12, Iss 1177, p

Implications for Tropical Dendroclimatology Studies and Atmospheric 14 C Reconstructions

2021 Volume 1177

Abstract: Tree-ring width chronologies of cedro ( Cedrela fissilis Vell.) (1875 to 2018), jatobá ( Hymenaea courbaril L.) (1840 to 2018) and roxinho Peltogyne paniculata Benth.) (1910 to 2018) were developed by dendrochronological techniques in the southern Amazon ...

Abstract	Tree-ring width chronologies of cedro ( Cedrela fissilis Vell.) (1875 to 2018), jatobá ( Hymenaea courbaril L.) (1840 to 2018) and roxinho Peltogyne paniculata Benth.) (1910 to 2018) were developed by dendrochronological techniques in the southern Amazon Basin. Acceptable statistics for the tree-ring chronologies were obtained, and annual calendar dates were assigned. Due to the lack of long-term chronologies for use in paleoclimate reconstructions in degraded forest areas, dendrochronological dating was validated by 14 C analysis. Tree-rings selected for analysis corresponded to 1957, 1958, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1971, and 1972. Those are critical calendar years in which atmospheric 14 C changes were the highest, and therefore their tree-ring cellulose extracts 14 C signatures when in alignment with existing post-AD 1950 atmospheric 14 C atmospheric curves would indicate annual periodicity. Throughout our correlated calendar years and post-AD 1950 14 C signatures, we indicate that H. courbaril shows an erratic sequence of wood ages. The other two tree species, C. fissilis and P. paniculata , are annual in nature and can be used successfully as paleoclimate proxies. Moreover, due to the sampling site’s strategic location in relation to the Tropical Low-Pressure Belt over South America, these trees can be used to enhance the limited amount of observational data in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric 14 C calibration curves.
Keywords	radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating ; tree-ring analysis ; tropical dendrochronology ; Amazon basin ; lower latitudes ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy for assessing elements distribution and speciation in mangrove tree-rings

Elton Eduardo Novais Alves / Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez / Pablo de Azevedo Rocha / Leonardus Vergütz / Luiz Santini Junior / Dean Hesterberg / Luiz Carlos Ruiz Pessenda / Mario Tomazello-Filho / Liovando Marciano da Costa

Results in Chemistry, Vol 3, Iss , Pp 100121- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectroscopy has been used for dendrochemistry as a high spatial resolution, multi-elemental and non-destructive technique. Furthermore, micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) spectroscopy has a potential ... ...

Abstract	Micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectroscopy has been used for dendrochemistry as a high spatial resolution, multi-elemental and non-destructive technique. Furthermore, micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) spectroscopy has a potential application in environmental studies by adding speciation information under in-situ conditions. Both, μ-XRF and μ-XANES, techniques were used to assess the inter-ring and intra-ring chemical content variations of Avicennia schaueria mangrove tree from Southeastern Brazil. Ca, Cl, K, P, and S were the major chemical elements distributed in almost all tree-rings. Ca was the most abundant element and showed a decreasing trend from heartwood to sapwood tree-rings. Calcium also showed a characteristic distribution pattern along the growth layer, acting as a chemical marker of growth layers. Ca chemical species were distinct in sapwood (calcium oxalate and carbonate-rich) and heartwood tree-rings (calcium sulfate-rich), showing different physiological Ca roles on tree performance. The synchrotron radiation-based techniques at micrometer scale provided information on the distribution and speciation of chemical elements within and between tree-rings. We also present a µ-XANES procedure for data collection and processing for dendrochemical studies. Altogether, we opened opportunities for further studies aiming to understand which environmental or physiological variables are responsible for tree-ring chemical speciation and distribution changes in tree species.
Keywords	Ca K-edge XANES ; XRF ; Synchrotron radiation ; Multivariate analysis ; Dendrochemistry ; Non-destructive technique ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Quality of Pellets Made from Agricultural and Forestry Crops in Costa Rican Tropical Climates

Carolina Tenorio / Roger Moya / Mario Tomazello-Filho / Jorre Valaert

BioResources, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 482-

2014 Volume 498

Abstract: Pellets may be produced with different types of agriculture or forestry crops in Costa Rica. This work evaluated the energy, physical, and mechanical properties of pellets fabricated from 12 types of agricultural and forestry crops (Ananas cumosos, ... ...

Abstract	Pellets may be produced with different types of agriculture or forestry crops in Costa Rica. This work evaluated the energy, physical, and mechanical properties of pellets fabricated from 12 types of agricultural and forestry crops (Ananas cumosos, Arundo donax, Coffea arabica, Cupressus lusitanica, empty fruit bunch and oil palm mesocarp fiber of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis, Gynerium sagittatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Phyllostachys aurea, Saccharum officinarum, Sorghum bicolor, and Tectona grandis), and similarities among these crops were established by multivariate principal component analysis. High variation was found in the pellet properties. The energy evaluation revealed that C. lusitanica and P. aurea are the crops with the best qualities for fuel use because of their high calorific values (from 16807 kJ/kg and 19919 kJ/kg, respectively) and low ash content (1.03% and 3.39%, respectively). As for physical properties, most crops exhibited values within the range noted by several authors and standards. All 12 pellet crops displayed high durability (from 72.12% to 92.98%) and compression force (from 295.18 N to 691.86 N). Moreover, the evaluation of crop similarities allowed the determination of four group combinations. Within these groups, C. lusitanica, P. aurea, and G. sagittatum had similar energy qualities and the best caloric characteristics.
Keywords	Pellet properties ; Biomass ; Fuel ; Short-rotation crops ; Mixture species ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	North Carolina State University
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Use of coffee (Coffea arabica) pulp for the production of briquettes and pellets for heat generation

Robert Cubero-Abarca / Roger Moya / Jorre Valaret / Mario Tomazello Filho

Ciência e Agrotecnologia, Vol 38, Iss 5, Pp 461-

2014 Volume 470

Abstract: Coffee bean (Coffea arabica) processing generates high amount of residues that are sources of environmental pollution. Therefore, an appropriate solution is needed. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of coffee pulp to produce ... ...

Abstract	Coffee bean (Coffea arabica) processing generates high amount of residues that are sources of environmental pollution. Therefore, an appropriate solution is needed. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of coffee pulp to produce briquettes and pellets. The study included pulp drying (using air, solar and hot air methods); the production of briquettes and pellets; the evaluation of their energy, physical and mechanical properties; and the evaluation of pellet quality using X-ray densitometry. The results showed that the pulp presented an initial moisture content of 90%, resulting in drying times of 699, 308 and 55 hours for air, solar and hot air drying, respectively, and the calorific values of the pellets and briquettes were 12,501 kJ kg-1 and 11,591 kJ kg-1, respectively. The ash content was 8.68% for the briquettes and 6.74% for the pellets. The density of the briquettes was 1,110 kg m-3, compared with 1,300 kg m-3 for the pellets. The apparent densities were 1,000 kg m-3 and 600 kg m-3 for the briquettes and pellets, respectively, and the water absorptions by the briquettes were 7.90% and 8.10% by the pellets. The maximum horizontal compression effort was 26.86 kg cm-2, measured in the pellets, compared with 4.52 kg cm-2 in the briquettes. The maximum horizontal load was 93.24 kg, measured in the briquettes, compared with 33.50 kg in the pellets. The value of the pellet durability test was 75.54%. X-ray densitometry showed that the pellet was uniform and a few cracks were observed on the pellet surface.
Keywords	Resíduos de café ; secagem ; processamento de café ; biomassa ; bio-recursos ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidade Federal de Lavras
Document type	Article ; Online
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