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Article ; Online: Editorial

Mark Gray / Stefano Guido / Abirami Kugadas

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

The use of large animal models to improve pre-clinical translational research

2022 Volume 9

Keywords	disease models (animal) ; comparative model ; large animal models ; translational ; genetically altered animals ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Why do poxviruses still matter?

Zhilong Yang / Mark Gray / Lake Winter

Cell & Bioscience, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Poxviruses comprise many members that infect both vertebrate and invertebrate animals, including humans. Despite the eradication of the historically notorious smallpox, poxviruses remain significant public health concerns and serious endemic ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Poxviruses comprise many members that infect both vertebrate and invertebrate animals, including humans. Despite the eradication of the historically notorious smallpox, poxviruses remain significant public health concerns and serious endemic diseases. This short review briefly summarizes the present, historical, and future threats posed by poxviruses to public health, wildlife and domestic animals, the role poxviruses have played in shaping modern medicine and biomedical sciences, the insight poxviruses have provided into complex life processes, and the utility of poxviruses in biotechniques and in fighting other infectious diseases and cancers. It is anticipated that readers will appreciate the great merit and need for continued strong support of poxvirus research; research which benefits not only the expansion of fundamental biological knowledge but also the battle against diverse diseases.
Keywords	Poxvirus ; Vaccinia virus ; Virology ; Smallpox ; Vaccine vector ; Oncolytic therapy ; Biotechnology ; TP248.13-248.65 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exosomes Derived from Radioresistant Breast Cancer Cells Promote Therapeutic Resistance in Naïve Recipient Cells

Chantell Payton / Lisa Y. Pang / Mark Gray / David J. Argyle

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1310, p

2021 Volume 1310

Abstract: Radiation resistance is a significant challenge in the treatment of breast cancer in humans. Human breast cancer is commonly treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy, but recurrence and metastasis upon the development of therapy ... ...

Abstract	Radiation resistance is a significant challenge in the treatment of breast cancer in humans. Human breast cancer is commonly treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy, but recurrence and metastasis upon the development of therapy resistance results in treatment failure. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types and contain biologically active cargo that, when transferred to recipient cells, can influence the cells’ genome and proteome. We propose that exosomes secreted by radioresistant (RR) cells may be able to disseminate the RR phenotype throughout the tumour. Here, we isolated exosomes from the human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, and the canine mammary carcinoma cell line, REM134, and their RR counterparts to investigate the effects of exosomes derived from RR cells on non-RR recipient cells. Canine mammary cancer cells lines have previously been shown to be excellent translational models of human breast cancer. This is consistent with our current data showing that exosomes derived from RR cells can increase cell viability and colony formation in naïve recipient cells and increase chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, in both species. These results are consistent in cancer stem cell and non-cancer stem cell populations. Significantly, exosomes derived from RR cells increased the tumoursphere-forming ability of recipient cells compared to exosomes derived from non-RR cells. Our results show that exosomes are potential mediators of radiation resistance that could be therapeutically targeted.
Keywords	breast cancer ; exosomes ; chemoresistance ; radioresistance ; comparative oncology ; One Health ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Corrigendum

Mark Gray / Arran K. Turnbull / James Meehan / Carlos Martínez-Pérez / Charlene Kay / Lisa Y. Pang / David J. Argyle

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

Comparative Analysis of the Development of Acquired Radioresistance in Canine and Human Mammary Cancer Cell Lines

2021 Volume 8

Keywords	canine breast cancer models ; human breast cancer ; radioresistance ; global gene analysis ; characterization of radioresistant cell lines ; comparative oncology ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The IL6-like Cytokine Family

Carlos Martínez-Pérez / Charlene Kay / James Meehan / Mark Gray / J. Michael Dixon / Arran K. Turnbull

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1073, p

Role and Biomarker Potential in Breast Cancer

2021 Volume 1073

Abstract: IL6-like cytokines are a family of regulators with a complex, pleiotropic role in both the healthy organism, where they regulate immunity and homeostasis, and in different diseases, including cancer. Here we summarise how these cytokines exert their ... ...

Abstract	IL6-like cytokines are a family of regulators with a complex, pleiotropic role in both the healthy organism, where they regulate immunity and homeostasis, and in different diseases, including cancer. Here we summarise how these cytokines exert their effect through the shared signal transducer IL6ST (gp130) and we review the extensive evidence on the role that different members of this family play in breast cancer. Additionally, we discuss how the different cytokines, their related receptors and downstream effectors, as well as specific polymorphisms in these molecules, can serve as predictive or prognostic biomarkers with the potential for clinical application in breast cancer. Lastly, we also discuss how our increasing understanding of this complex signalling axis presents promising opportunities for the development or repurposing of therapeutic strategies against cancer and, specifically, breast neoplasms.
Keywords	breast cancer ; cytokine signalling ; IL6ST ; gp130 ; biomarkers ; translational research ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Predictive and Diagnostic Biomarkers of Anastomotic Leakage

Mark Gray / Jamie R. K. Marland / Alan F. Murray / David J. Argyle / Mark A. Potter

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 471, p

A Precision Medicine Approach for Colorectal Cancer Patients

2021 Volume 471

Abstract: Development of an anastomotic leak (AL) following intestinal surgery for the treatment of colorectal cancers is a life-threatening complication. Failure of the anastomosis to heal correctly can lead to contamination of the abdomen with intestinal ... ...

Abstract	Development of an anastomotic leak (AL) following intestinal surgery for the treatment of colorectal cancers is a life-threatening complication. Failure of the anastomosis to heal correctly can lead to contamination of the abdomen with intestinal contents and the development of peritonitis. The additional care that these patients require is associated with longer hospitalisation stays and increased economic costs. Patients also have higher morbidity and mortality rates and poorer oncological prognosis. Unfortunately, current practices for AL diagnosis are non-specific, which may delay diagnosis and have a negative impact on patient outcome. To overcome these issues, research is continuing to identify AL diagnostic or predictive biomarkers. In this review, we highlight promising candidate biomarkers including ischaemic metabolites, inflammatory markers and bacteria. Although research has focused on the use of blood or peritoneal fluid samples, we describe the use of implantable medical devices that have been designed to measure biomarkers in peri-anastomotic tissue. Biomarkers that can be used in conjunction with clinical status, routine haematological and biochemical analysis and imaging have the potential to help to deliver a precision medicine package that could significantly enhance a patient’s post-operative care and improve outcomes. Although no AL biomarker has yet been validated in large-scale clinical trials, there is confidence that personalised medicine, through biomarker analysis, could be realised for colorectal cancer intestinal resection and anastomosis patients in the years to come.
Keywords	colorectal cancer ; intestinal anastomosis ; anastomotic leak ; biomarkers ; precision medicine ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Signal Transducer IL6ST (gp130) as a Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker in Breast Cancer

Carlos Martínez-Pérez / Jess Leung / Charlene Kay / James Meehan / Mark Gray / J Michael Dixon / Arran K Turnbull

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 618, p

2021 Volume 618

Abstract: Novel biomarkers are needed to continue to improve breast cancer clinical management and outcome. IL6-like cytokines, whose pleiotropic functions include roles in many hallmarks of malignancy, rely on the signal transducer IL6ST (gp130) for all their ... ...

Abstract	Novel biomarkers are needed to continue to improve breast cancer clinical management and outcome. IL6-like cytokines, whose pleiotropic functions include roles in many hallmarks of malignancy, rely on the signal transducer IL6ST (gp130) for all their signalling. To date, 10 separate independent studies based on the analysis of clinical breast cancer samples have identified IL6ST as a predictor. Consistent findings suggest that IL6ST is a positive prognostic factor and is associated with ER status. Interestingly, these studies include 4 multigene signatures (EndoPredict, EER4, IRSN-23 and 42GC) that incorporate IL6ST to predict risk of recurrence or outcome from endocrine or chemotherapy. Here we review the existing evidence on the promising predictive and prognostic value of IL6ST. We also discuss how this potential could be further translated into clinical practice beyond the EndoPredict tool, which is already available in the clinic. The most promising route to further exploit IL6ST’s promising predicting power will likely be through additional hybrid multifactor signatures that allow for more robust stratification of ER+ breast tumours into discrete groups with distinct outcomes, thus enabling greater refinement of the treatment-selection process.
Keywords	breast cancer ; predictive tools ; prognostic tools ; translational research ; IL6ST ; gp130 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tissue- and Liquid-Based Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine

James Meehan / Mark Gray / Carlos Martínez-Pérez / Charlene Kay / Duncan McLaren / Arran K. Turnbull

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 664, p

2021 Volume 664

Abstract: Worldwide, prostate cancer (PC) is the second-most-frequently diagnosed male cancer and the fifth-most-common cause of all cancer-related deaths. Suspicion of PC in a patient is largely based upon clinical signs and the use of prostate-specific antigen ( ... ...

Abstract	Worldwide, prostate cancer (PC) is the second-most-frequently diagnosed male cancer and the fifth-most-common cause of all cancer-related deaths. Suspicion of PC in a patient is largely based upon clinical signs and the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Although PSA levels have been criticised for a lack of specificity, leading to PC over-diagnosis, it is still the most commonly used biomarker in PC management. Unfortunately, PC is extremely heterogeneous, and it can be difficult to stratify patients whose tumours are unlikely to progress from those that are aggressive and require treatment intensification. Although PC-specific biomarker research has previously focused on disease diagnosis, there is an unmet clinical need for novel prognostic, predictive and treatment response biomarkers that can be used to provide a precision medicine approach to PC management. In particular, the identification of biomarkers at the time of screening/diagnosis that can provide an indication of disease aggressiveness is perhaps the greatest current unmet clinical need in PC management. Largely through advances in genomic and proteomic techniques, exciting pre-clinical and clinical research is continuing to identify potential tissue, blood and urine-based PC-specific biomarkers that may in the future supplement or replace current standard practices. In this review, we describe how PC-specific biomarker research is progressing, including the evolution of PSA-based tests and those novel assays that have gained clinical approval. We also describe alternative diagnostic biomarkers to PSA, in addition to biomarkers that can predict PC aggressiveness and biomarkers that can predict response to certain therapies. We believe that novel biomarker research has the potential to make significant improvements to the clinical management of this disease in the near future.
Keywords	prostate cancer ; precision medicine ; tissue-based biomarkers ; liquid-based biomarkers ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Validation of a real-time PCR panel for detection and quantification of nine pathogens commonly associated with canine infectious respiratory disease

Junsheng Dong / Wai Ning Tiffany Tsui / Xue Leng / Jinping Fu / Molly Lohman / Joseph Anderson / Vaughn Hamill / Nanyan Lu / Elizabeth Poulsen Porter / Mark Gray / Tesfaalem Sebhatu / Susan Brown / Roman Pogranichniy / Heng Wang / Lance Noll / Jianfa Bai

MethodsX, Vol 11, Iss , Pp 102476- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a complicated respiratory syndrome in dogs [1–3]. A panel PCR was developed [4] to detect nine pathogens commonly associated with CIRD: Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma canis, Bordetella bronchiseptica; canine ... ...

Abstract	Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a complicated respiratory syndrome in dogs [1–3]. A panel PCR was developed [4] to detect nine pathogens commonly associated with CIRD: Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma canis, Bordetella bronchiseptica; canine adenovirus type 2, canine herpesvirus 1, canine parainfluenza virus, canine distemper virus, canine influenza virus and canine respiratory coronavirus [5–16]. To evaluate diagnostic performance of the assay, 740 nasal swab and lung tissue samples were collected and tested with the new assay, and compared to an older version of the assay detecting the same pathogens except that it does not differentiate the two Mycoplasma species. Results indicated that the new assay had the same level of specificity, but with higher diagnostic sensitivity and had identified additional samples with potential co-infections. To confirm the new assay is detecting the correct pathogens, samples with discrepant results between the two assays were sequence-confirmed. Spiking a high concertation target to samples carrying lower concentrations of other targets was carried out and the results demonstrated that there was no apparent interference among targets in the same PCR reaction. Another spike-in experiment was used to determine detection sensitivity between nasal swab and lung tissue samples, and similar results were obtained. • A nine-pathogen CIRD PCR panel assay had identified 139 positives from 740 clinical samples with 60 co-infections; • High-concentration target does not have apparent effect on detecting low-concentration targets; • Detection sensitivity were similar between nasal swab and lung tissue samples.
Keywords	Canine infectious respiratory disease ; CIRD ; PCR assay ; Diagnostic validation ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Association of Electronic Cigarette Use With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Disease Severity

Andrea N Burnett-Hartman / Shauna Goldberg Scott / J David Powers / Morgan N Clennin / Jason A Lyons / Mark Gray / Heather Spencer Feigelson

Tobacco Use Insights, Vol

2022 Volume 15

Abstract: BACKGROUND Although combustible cigarette use is an established risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease, there is conflicting evidence for the association of electronic cigarette use with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. METHODS Study ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND Although combustible cigarette use is an established risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease, there is conflicting evidence for the association of electronic cigarette use with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. METHODS Study participants were from the Kaiser Permanente Research Bank (KPRB), a biorepository that includes adult Kaiser Permanente members from across the United States. Starting in April 2020, electronic surveys were sent to KPRB members to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. These surveys collected information on self-report of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-related risk factors, including electronic cigarette and combustible cigarette smoking history. We also used electronic health records data to assess COVID-19 diagnoses, positive PCR lab tests, hospitalizations, and death. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection between individuals by e-cigarette use categories (never, former, and current). Among those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, we used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs comparing the odds of hospitalization or death within 30 days of infection between individuals by e-cigarette use categories. RESULTS There were 126,475 individuals who responded to the survey and completed questions on e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use (48% response rate). Among survey respondents, 819 (1%) currently used e-cigarettes, 3,691 (3%) formerly used e-cigarettes, and 121,965 (96%) had never used e-cigarettes. After adjustment for demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors, there was no association with SARS-CoV-2 infection and former e-cigarette use (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.99; CI: 0.83–1.18) or current e-cigarette use (HR = 1.08; CI: 0.76–1.52). Among those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, there was no association with hospitalization or death within 30 days of infection and former ...
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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