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Artikel ; Online: A Configurational Approach to Mergers and Acquisitions

Sophie Fischer / John Rodwell / Mark Pickering

Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 3, p

2021 Band 1020

Abstract: The processes involved with mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are many, varied and complex. M&A research and practice needs a toolset that can apprehend that complexity and suggest ways forward. This paper shows the complexity of the constituents of ... ...

Abstract	The processes involved with mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are many, varied and complex. M&A research and practice needs a toolset that can apprehend that complexity and suggest ways forward. This paper shows the complexity of the constituents of organizations at a strategic level by building on the natural-resource-based view (NRBV) and the resulting competences and capabilities. In M&As, these resources and capabilities are managed through a variety of forms of acquisition integration comprised of sets of integration mechanisms. M&As occur in a range of strategic contexts and consequently many forms of integration are possible. Accordingly, there is a need for a mode of inquiry examining acquisition integration that can encompass a wide variety of forms, is holistic across a range of possible integration mechanisms and can provide insights. A configurational mode of inquiry can accommodate the complexity of the mechanisms, capabilities and resources, including natural resources, which constitute acquisition integration. A configurational approach emphasizes a holistic synthesis of elements and highlights the importance of thinking of M&As in terms of patterns. A configurational approach offers tools for considering M&As such as analyzing the thematic coherence of integration and enables the inclusion of sustainability into the logic of organizations.
Schlagwörter	mergers and acquisitions ; natural-resource-based view ; configurations ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Specular Reflection Detection and Inpainting in Transparent Object through MSPLFI

Md Nazrul Islam / Murat Tahtali / Mark Pickering

Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 3, p

2021 Band 455

Abstract: Multispectral polarimetric light field imagery (MSPLFI) contains significant information about a transparent object’s distribution over spectra, the inherent properties of its surface and its directional movement, as well as intensity, which all together ...

Abstract	Multispectral polarimetric light field imagery (MSPLFI) contains significant information about a transparent object’s distribution over spectra, the inherent properties of its surface and its directional movement, as well as intensity, which all together can distinguish its specular reflection. Due to multispectral polarimetric signatures being limited to an object’s properties, specular pixel detection of a transparent object is a difficult task because the object lacks its own texture. In this work, we propose a two-fold approach for determining the specular reflection detection (SRD) and the specular reflection inpainting (SRI) in a transparent object. Firstly, we capture and decode 18 different transparent objects with specularity signatures obtained using a light field (LF) camera. In addition to our image acquisition system, we place different multispectral filters from visible bands and polarimetric filters at different orientations to capture images from multisensory cues containing MSPLFI features. Then, we propose a change detection algorithm for detecting specular reflected pixels from different spectra. A Mahalanobis distance is calculated based on the mean and the covariance of both polarized and unpolarized images of an object in this connection. Secondly, an inpainting algorithm that captures pixel movements among sub-aperture images of the LF is proposed. In this regard, a distance matrix for all the four connected neighboring pixels is computed from the common pixel intensities of each color channel of both the polarized and the unpolarized images. The most correlated pixel pattern is selected for the task of inpainting for each sub-aperture image. This process is repeated for all the sub-aperture images to calculate the final SRI task. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed two-fold approach significantly improves the accuracy of detection and the quality of inpainting. Furthermore, the proposed approach also improves the SRD metrics (with mean F1-score, G-mean, and accuracy as ...
Schlagwörter	specular reflection detection ; specular reflection inpainting ; transparent object ; multispectral polarimetric imagery ; light field ; Science ; Q
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Hybrid Fusion-Based Background Segmentation in Multispectral Polarimetric Imagery

Md Nazrul Islam / Murat Tahtali / Mark Pickering

Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 1776, p

2020 Band 1776

Abstract: Multispectral Polarimetric Imagery (MSPI) contains significant information about an object’s distribution, shape, shading, texture and roughness features which can distinguish between foreground and background in a complex scene. Due to spectral ... ...

Abstract	Multispectral Polarimetric Imagery (MSPI) contains significant information about an object’s distribution, shape, shading, texture and roughness features which can distinguish between foreground and background in a complex scene. Due to spectral signatures being limited to material properties, Background Segmentation (BS) is a difficult task when there are shadows, illumination and clutter in a scene. In this work, we propose a two-fold BS approach: multiband image fusion and polarimetric BS. Firstly, considering that the background in a scene is polarized by nature, the spectral reflectance and correlations and the textural features of MSPI are calculated and analyzed to demonstrate the fusion significance. After that, integrating Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), a hybrid fusion technique is proposed to show the multiband fusion effectiveness. Secondly, utilizing the Stokes vector, polarimetric components are calculated to separate a complex scene’s background from its foreground by constructing four significant foreground masks. An intensity-invariant mask is built by differentiating between the median filtering versions of unpolarized and polarized images. A strongly unpolarized foreground mask is also constructed in two different ways, through analyzing the Angle of Linear Polarization (AoLP) and Degree of Linear Polarization (DoLP). Moreover, a strongly polarized mask and a strong light intensity mask are also calculated based on the azimuth angle and the total light intensity. Finally, all these masks are combined, and a morphological operation is applied to segment the final background area of a scene. The proposed two-fold BS algorithm is evaluated using distinct statistical measurements and compared with well-known fusion methods and BS methods highlighted in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid fusion method significantly improves multiband fusion quality. Furthermore, the proposed polarimetric BS approach also improves the mean accuracy, geometric mean and F1-score to 0.95, 0.93 and 0.97, respectively, for scenes in the MSPI dataset compared with those obtained from the methods in the literature considered in this paper. Future work will investigate mixed polarized and unpolarized BS in the MSPI dataset with specular reflection.
Schlagwörter	polarimetric imagery ; spectral reflectance ; multiband fusion ; background segmentation ; statistical measurement ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	571
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Hybrid Approaches for Smart Contracts in Land Administration

Rohan Bennett / Todd Miller / Mark Pickering / Al-Karim Kara

Land, Vol 10, Iss 2, p

Lessons from Three Blockchain Proofs-of-Concept

2021 Band 220

Abstract: The emergence of “blockchain” technology as an alternative data management technique has spawned a myriad of conceptual and logical design work across multiple industries and sectors. It is also argued to enable operationalisation of the earlier “smart ... ...

Abstract	The emergence of “blockchain” technology as an alternative data management technique has spawned a myriad of conceptual and logical design work across multiple industries and sectors. It is also argued to enable operationalisation of the earlier “smart contract” concept. The domain of land administration has actively investigated these opportunities, albeit also largely at the conceptual level, and usually with a whole-of-sector or “big bang” industry transformation perspective. Less reporting of applied case applications is evident, particularly those undertaken in collaboration with practicing land sector actors. That said, pilots and test cases continue to act as a basis for understanding the relative merits, drawbacks, and implementation challenges of the smart contract concept in land administration. In this vein, this paper extends upon and further refines the existing discourse on smart contracts within the land sector, by giving an updated, if not more nuanced, view of example applications, opportunities, and barriers. In contrast to the earlier works, a hybrid solution that mixes smart contract use with existing technology infrastructure—enabling preservation of the role of a land registry agency as the ultimate arbiter of valid claims—is proposed. This is hypothesised to minimise disruptions, whilst maximising the benefits. Examination of proof-of-concept work on smart contract and blockchain applications in Sweden, Australia (State of New South Wales), and Canada (Province of British Columbia) is undertaken. Comparative analysis is undertaken using several frameworks including: (i) business requirements adherence, (ii) technology readiness and maturity assessment, and (iii) strategic grid analysis. Results show that the hybrid approach enables adherence to land dealing business requirements and that the proofs-of-concept are a necessary step in the development trajectory. Furthering the uptake will likely depend on again taking a whole-of-sector perspective, and attending to remaining issues around ...
Schlagwörter	blockchain ; smart contracts ; land administration ; land registration ; cadastre ; technology readiness levels ; Agriculture ; S
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	710
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Cursive-Text

Asghar Ali Chandio / Md. Asikuzzaman / Mark Pickering / Mehwish Leghari

Data in Brief, Vol 31, Iss , Pp 105749- (2020)

A Comprehensive Dataset for End-to-End Urdu Text Recognition in Natural Scene Images

2020

Abstract: Reading text in natural scene images is an active research area in the fields of computer vision and pattern recognition as text detection, text recognition and script identification are required. In this data article, a comprehensive dataset for Urdu ... ...

Abstract	Reading text in natural scene images is an active research area in the fields of computer vision and pattern recognition as text detection, text recognition and script identification are required. In this data article, a comprehensive dataset for Urdu text detection and recognition in natural scene images is presented and analysed. To develop the dataset, more than 2500 natural scene images were captured using a digital camera and a built-in mobile phone camera. Three separate datasets for isolated Urdu character images, cropped word images and end-to-end text spotting were developed. The isolated Urdu character and cropped word images dataset contain a much larger number of samples than existing Arabic natural scene text datasets. The Urdu text spotting dataset contains images with Urdu, English and Sindhi text instances. However, the focus has been given to the Urdu text instances. The ground truths for each image in the isolated character, cropped word or text spotting datasets are provided separately. The proposed datasets can be used to perform Urdu text detection and recognition or end-to-end recognition in natural scenes. These datasets can also be helpful to develop Arabic and Persian natural scene text detection and recognition systems, as Urdu is a derived language of these scripts and has many similar letters. The datasets can also be helpful to develop multi-language translation systems, which can facilitate foreign tourists to read and translate multilingual text in natural scene images. To evaluate the datasets, state-of-the-art machine learning and deep neural networks were used to build the text detection and recognition models, where the best classification accuracies are achieved. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first dataset proposed for Urdu text detection, recognition or end-to-end text recognition in natural scene images. The aim of this data article is to present a benchmark work in the field of document analysis and recognition.
Schlagwörter	Urdu natural scene text dataset ; Urdu text detection ; Urdu text recognition ; Natural scene images ; Cursive text in the wild ; Multilingual text spotting dataset ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	004
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Elsevier
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: The Flexiscope

Amy Courtney / Luke M. Alvey / George O. T. Merces / Niamh Burke / Mark Pickering

Royal Society Open Science, Vol 7, Iss

a low cost, flexible, convertible and modular microscope with automated scanning and micromanipulation

2020 Band 3

Abstract: With technologies rapidly evolving, many research institutions are now opting to invest in costly, high-quality, specialized microscopes which are shared by many researchers. As a consequence, the user may not have the ability to adapt a microscope to ... ...

Abstract	With technologies rapidly evolving, many research institutions are now opting to invest in costly, high-quality, specialized microscopes which are shared by many researchers. As a consequence, the user may not have the ability to adapt a microscope to their specific needs and limitations in experimental design are introduced. A flexible work-horse microscopy system is a valuable tool in any laboratory to meet the diverse needs of a research team and promote innovation in experimental design. We have developed the Flexiscope; a multi-functional, adaptable, efficient and high-performance microscopy/electrophysiology system for everyday applications in a neurobiology laboratory. The core optical components are relatively constant in the three configurations described here: an upright configuration, an inverted configuration and an upright/electrophysiology configuration. We have provided a comprehensive description of the Flexiscope. We show that this method is capable of oblique infrared illumination imaging, multi-channel fluorescent imaging and automated three-dimensional scanning of larger specimens. Image quality is conserved across the three configurations of the microscope, and conversion between configurations is possible quickly and easily, while the motion control system can be repurposed to allow sub-micrometre computer-controlled micromanipulation. The Flexiscope provides similar performance and usability to commercially available systems. However, as it can be easily reconfigured for multiple roles, it can remove the need to purchase multiple microscopes, giving significant cost savings. The modular reconfigurable nature allows the user to customize the system to their specific needs and adapt/upgrade the system as challenges arise, without requiring specialized technical skills.
Schlagwörter	microscopy ; ctenophore ; electrophysiology ; open hardware ; epifluorescence ; automation ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	600
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	The Royal Society
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: The incubot

George O.T. Merces / Conor Kennedy / Blanca Lenoci / Emmanuel G. Reynaud / Niamh Burke / Mark Pickering

HardwareX, Vol 9, Iss , Pp e00189- (2021)

A 3D printer-based microscope for long-term live cell imaging within a tissue culture incubator

2021

Abstract: Commercial live cell imaging systems represent a large financial burden to research groups, while current open source incubator microscopy systems lack adaptability and are sometimes inadequate for complex imaging experimentation. We present here a low- ... ...

Abstract	Commercial live cell imaging systems represent a large financial burden to research groups, while current open source incubator microscopy systems lack adaptability and are sometimes inadequate for complex imaging experimentation. We present here a low-cost microscope designed for inclusion within a conventional tissue culture incubator. The build is constructed using an entry level 3D printer as the basis for the motion control system, with Raspberry Pi imaging and software integration, allowing for reflected, oblique, and fluorescence imaging of live cell monolayers. The open source nature of the design is aimed to facilitate adaptation by both the community at large and by individual researchers/groups. The development of an adaptable and easy-to-use graphic user interface (GUI) allows for the scientist to be at the core of experimental design through simple modifications of the base GUI code, or generation of an entirely purpose-built script. This adaptability will allow scientists to adapt this equipment for their experimental needs, as opposed to designing experiments to fit their current equipment. The build can be constructed for a cost of roughly €1000 and thus serves as a low-cost and adaptable addition to the open source microscopy community.
Schlagwörter	Microscopy ; Tissue Culture ; Low-Cost ; Python ; Raspberry Pi ; Live-Cell Imaging ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	020
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Elsevier
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
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Artikel ; Online: Theta-burst stimulation of hippocampal slices induces network-level calcium oscillations and activates analogous gene transcription to spatial learning.

Graham K Sheridan / Emad Moeendarbary / Mark Pickering / John J O'Connor / Keith J Murphy

PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e

2014 Band 100546

Abstract: Over four decades ago, it was discovered that high-frequency stimulation of the dentate gyrus induces long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission. LTP is believed to underlie how we process and code external stimuli before converting it to ... ...

Abstract	Over four decades ago, it was discovered that high-frequency stimulation of the dentate gyrus induces long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission. LTP is believed to underlie how we process and code external stimuli before converting it to salient information that we store as 'memories'. It has been shown that rats performing spatial learning tasks display theta-frequency (3-12 Hz) hippocampal neural activity. Moreover, administering theta-burst stimulation (TBS) to hippocampal slices can induce LTP. TBS triggers a sustained rise in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i in neurons leading to new protein synthesis important for LTP maintenance. In this study, we measured TBS-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations in thousands of cells at increasing distances from the source of stimulation. Following TBS, a calcium wave propagates radially with an average speed of 5.2 µm/s and triggers multiple and regular [Ca2+]i oscillations in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the number and frequency of [Ca2+]i fluctuations post-TBS increased with respect to distance from the electrode. During the post-tetanic phase, 18% of cells exhibited 3 peaks in [Ca2+]i with a frequency of 17 mHz, whereas 2.3% of cells distributed further from the electrode displayed 8 [Ca2+]i oscillations at 33 mHz. We suggest that these observed [Ca2+]i oscillations could lead to activation of transcription factors involved in synaptic plasticity. In particular, the transcription factor, NF-κB, has been implicated in memory formation and is up-regulated after LTP induction. We measured increased activation of NF-κB 30 min post-TBS in CA1 pyramidal cells and also observed similar temporal up-regulation of NF-κB levels in CA1 neurons following water maze training in rats. Therefore, TBS of hippocampal slice cultures in vitro can mimic the cell type-specific up-regulations in activated NF-κB following spatial learning in vivo. This indicates that TBS may induce similar transcriptional changes to spatial learning and that TBS-triggered [Ca2+]i oscillations could activate memory-associated gene expression.
Schlagwörter	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	572
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
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Artikel ; Online: Cognitive‐Behavioural Interventions for Children Who Have Been Sexually Abused

Geraldine Macdonald / Julian PT Higgins / Paul Ramchandani / Jeffrey C. Valentine / Latricia P. Bronger / Paul Klein / Roland O'Daniel / Mark Pickering / Ben Rademaker / George Richardson / Matthew Taylor

Campbell Systematic Reviews, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

A Systematic Review

2012 Band 111

Abstract: This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy of cognitive‐behavioural approaches (CBT) in addressing the immediate and longer‐term sequelae of sexual abuse on children and young people up to 18 years of age. We searched the Cochrane Central ... ...

Abstract	This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy of cognitive‐behavioural approaches (CBT) in addressing the immediate and longer‐term sequelae of sexual abuse on children and young people up to 18 years of age. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2011 Issue 4); MEDLINE (1950 to November Week 3 2011); EMBASE (1980 to Week 47 2011); CINAHL (1937 to 2 December 2011); PsycINFO (1887 to November Week 5 2011); LILACS (1982 to 2 December 2011) and OpenGrey, previously OpenSIGLE (1980 to 2 December 2011). For this update we also searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). We included 10 trials, involving 847 participants. The conclusions of this updated review remain the same as those when it was first published. The review confirms the potential of CBT to address the adverse consequences of child sexual abuse, but highlights the limitations of the evidence base and the need for more carefully conducted and better reported trials. Abstract BACKGROUND Despite differences in how it is defined, there is a general consensus amongst clinicians and researchers that the sexual abuse of children and adolescents (‘child sexual abuse‘) is a substantial social problem worldwide. The effects of sexual abuse manifest in a wide range of symptoms, including fear, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress disorder and various externalising and internalising behaviour problems, such as inappropriate sexual behaviours. Child sexual abuse is associated with increased risk of psychological problems in adulthood. Cognitive‐behavioural approaches are used to help children and their non‐offending or ‘safe’ parent to manage the sequelae of childhood sexual abuse. This review updates the first Cochrane review of cognitive‐behavioural approaches interventions for children who have been sexually abused, which was first published in 2006. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of cognitive‐behavioural approaches (CBT) in addressing the immediate and longer‐term sequelae of ...
Schlagwörter	Social Sciences ; H
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	360
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Wiley
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
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