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  1. Article ; Online: Innovations in suicide assessment and prevention during pandemics

    Connor TA Brenna / Paul S Links / Maxwell M Tran / Mark Sinyor / Marnin J Heisel / Simon Hatcher

    Public Health Research & Practice, Vol 31, Iss

    2021  Volume 3

    Abstract: Emerging evidence, based on the synthesis of reports from past infectious disease-related public health emergencies, supports an association between previous pandemics and a heightened risk of suicide or suicide-related behaviours and outcomes. Anxiety ... ...

    Abstract Emerging evidence, based on the synthesis of reports from past infectious disease-related public health emergencies, supports an association between previous pandemics and a heightened risk of suicide or suicide-related behaviours and outcomes. Anxiety associated with pandemic media reporting appears to be one critical contributing factor. Social isolation, loneliness, and the disconnect that can result from public health strategies during global pandemics also appear to increase suicide risk in vulnerable individuals. Innovative suicide risk assessment and prevention strategies are needed to recognise and adapt to the negative impacts of pandemics on population mental health.
    Keywords covid-19 ; suicide ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Sax Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A Pilot Case-Control Study of the Social Media Activity Following Cluster and Non-Cluster Suicides in Australia

    Phillip Cheuk Fung Law / Lay San Too / Nicole T. M. Hill / Jo Robinson / Madelyn Gould / Jo-An Occhipinti / Matthew J. Spittal / Katrina Witt / Mark Sinyor / Benedikt Till / Nathaniel Osgood / Ante Prodan / Rifat Zahan / Jane Pirkis

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 343, p

    2022  Volume 343

    Abstract: Social media may play a role in the “contagion” mechanism thought to underpin suicide clusters. Our pilot case-control study presented a novel methodological approach to examining whether Facebook activity following cluster and non-cluster suicides ... ...

    Abstract Social media may play a role in the “contagion” mechanism thought to underpin suicide clusters. Our pilot case-control study presented a novel methodological approach to examining whether Facebook activity following cluster and non-cluster suicides differed. We used a scan statistic to identify suicide cluster cases occurring in spatiotemporal clusters and matched each case to 10 non-cluster control suicides. We identified the Facebook accounts of 3/48 cluster cases and 20/480 non-cluster controls and their respective friends-lists and retrieved 48 posthumous posts and replies (text segments) referring to the deceased for the former and 606 for the latter. We examined text segments for “putatively harmful” and “putatively protective” content (e.g., discussion of the suicide method vs. messages discouraging suicidal acts). We also used concept mapping, word-emotion association, and sentiment analysis and gauged user reactions to posts using the reactions-to-posts ratio. We found no “putatively harmful” or “putatively protective” content following any suicides. However, “family” and “son” concepts were more common for cluster cases and “xx”, “sorry” and “loss” concepts were more common for non-cluster controls, and there were twice as many surprise- and disgust-associated words for cluster cases. Posts pertaining to non-cluster controls were four times as receptive as those about cluster cases. We hope that the approach we have presented may help to guide future research to explain suicide clusters and social-media contagion.
    Keywords suicide ; clusters ; contagion ; social media ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Effects of media stories of hope and recovery on suicidal ideation and help-seeking attitudes and intentions

    Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, PhD / Benedikt Till, DSc / Stefanie Kirchner, MPH / Mark Sinyor, MD / Marlies Braun, MPhil / Jane Pirkis, ProfPhD / Ulrich S Tran, DSc / Martin Voracek, ProfPhD / Florian Arendt, PhD / Maria Ftanou, PhD / Reka Kovacs, MSc / Kylie King, PhD / Marisa Schlichthorst, PhD / Steven Stack, ProfPhD / Matthew J Spittal, ProfPhD

    The Lancet Public Health, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp e156-e

    systematic review and meta-analysis

    2022  Volume 168

    Abstract: Summary: Background: There is strong evidence that suicides increase after media stories about suicides by celebrities, particularly those that highlight the suicide method (the Werther effect). Much less is known about the Papageno effect—the protective ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: There is strong evidence that suicides increase after media stories about suicides by celebrities, particularly those that highlight the suicide method (the Werther effect). Much less is known about the Papageno effect—the protective effects of media stories of hope and recovery from suicidal crises. A synthesis of the retrievable evidence is lacking. We aim to summarise findings from randomised controlled trials about the effects of stories of hope and recovery on individuals with some degree of vulnerability to suicide. Methods: For this systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis, we searched PubMed (including MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar published from inception to Sept 6, 2021, without language restrictions. We included trials that reported suicidal ideation (the primary outcome) or help-seeking attitudes or intentions (the secondary outcome) and tested a media narrative of hope and recovery. Studies were excluded if they did not feature a clearly positive story of hope and recovery, or had a control group exposed to suicide-related stimulus material. We contacted the lead or senior authors of all original studies to obtain participant-level data for this study. The primary analysis was restricted to individuals with some vulnerability to suicide. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials. The study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020221341. Findings: Our search yielded 7347 records. 3920 records were screened by title and abstract, and 25 full-text records assessed for eligibility. There were eight eligible studies with 2350 participants for which individual participant data were sought. For suicidal ideation, six studies met the inclusion criteria for the primary analysis. Follow-up responses were available for 569 (90%) of 633 participants who were randomised with high vulnerability (345 [55%] allocated to the intervention group and 288 [45%] to the control group). The ...
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Association of Weekly Suicide Rates with Temperature Anomalies in Two Different Climate Types

    P. Grady Dixon / Mark Sinyor / Ayal Schaffer / Anthony Levitt / Christa R. Haney / Kelsey N. Ellis / Scott C. Sheridan

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 11, Iss 11, Pp 11627-

    2014  Volume 11644

    Abstract: Annual suicide deaths outnumber the total deaths from homicide and war combined. Suicide is a complex behavioral endpoint, and a simple cause-and-effect model seems highly unlikely, but relationships with weather could yield important insight into the ... ...

    Abstract Annual suicide deaths outnumber the total deaths from homicide and war combined. Suicide is a complex behavioral endpoint, and a simple cause-and-effect model seems highly unlikely, but relationships with weather could yield important insight into the biopsychosocial mechanisms involved in suicide deaths. This study has been designed to test for a relationship between air temperature and suicide frequency that is consistent enough to offer some predictive abilities. Weekly suicide death totals and anomalies from Toronto, Ontario, Canada (1986–2009) and Jackson, Mississippi, USA (1980–2006) are analyzed for relationships by using temperature anomaly data and a distributed lag nonlinear model. For both analysis methods, anomalously cool weeks show low probabilities of experiencing high-end suicide totals while warmer weeks are more likely to experience high-end suicide totals. This result is consistent for Toronto and Jackson. Weekly suicide totals demonstrate a sufficient association with temperature anomalies to allow some prediction of weeks with or without increased suicide frequency. While this finding alone is unlikely to have immediate clinical implications, these results are an important step toward clarifying the biopsychosocial mechanisms of suicidal behavior through a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between temperature and suicide.
    Keywords suicide ; climate ; meteorology ; Canada ; Mississippi ; temperature ; weather ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: The BEACON study

    Simon Hatcher / Marnin Heisel / Oyedeji Ayonrinde / Julie K. Campbell / Ian Colman / Daniel J. Corsi / Nicole E. Edgar / Lindsay Gillett / Sidney H. Kennedy / Sophia Lakatoo Hunt / Paul Links / Sarah MacLean / Viraj Mehta / Christopher Mushquash / Alicia Raimundo / Sakina J. Rizvi / Refik Saskin / Ayal Schaffer / Alaaddin Sidahmed /
    Mark Sinyor / Claudio Soares / Monica Taljaard / Valerie Testa / Kednapa Thavorn / Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy / Christian Vaillancourt

    Trials, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    protocol for a cohort study as part of an evaluation of the effectiveness of smartphone-assisted problem-solving therapy in men who present with intentional self-harm to emergency departments in Ontario

    2020  Volume 16

    Abstract: Abstract Background Patients who present to emergency departments after intentional self-harm are at an increased risk of dying by suicide. This applies particularly to men, who represent nearly two-thirds of those who die by suicide in Ontario. One way ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Patients who present to emergency departments after intentional self-harm are at an increased risk of dying by suicide. This applies particularly to men, who represent nearly two-thirds of those who die by suicide in Ontario. One way of potentially addressing this gap is to offer a course of blended problem-solving therapy, comprised of a brief course of evidence-based psychotherapy for individuals at risk for suicide, facilitated by the use of a patient-facing smartphone application and a clinician-facing “dashboard.” This approach has the potential to combine the benefits of face-to-face therapy and technology to create a novel intervention. Methods This is a cohort study nested within a larger pragmatic multicentre pre- and post-design cluster randomised trial. Suicidal ideation assessed by the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation is the primary outcome variable. Secondary outcome measures include depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale), post-traumatic stress disorder (Primary Care PTSD Screen), health-related quality of life (EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire), meaning in life (Experienced Meaning in Life Scale), perceived social supports (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), drug use (Drug Abuse Screening Test Short Form 10), problem-solving skills (Social Problem-Solving Inventory–Revised Short Form), and self-reported healthcare costs, as well as health service use measured using Ontario administrative health data. A process evaluation will also be conducted following study completion. Discussion The cohort study will test whether better adherence to the intervention results in better outcomes. The value of the cohort study design is that we can examine in more detail certain subgroups or other variables that are not available in the larger cluster randomised trial. This trial will aim to improve standards by informing best practice in management of men who self-harm and present to hospitals in Ontario. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03473535 . Registered on March 22, 2018.
    Keywords Self-harm ; Suicide ; Problem-solving therapy ; Blended care ; Cognitive behaviour therapy ; Men ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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