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Artikel: Constraining the Deforestation History of Europe: Evaluation of Historical Land Use Scenarios with Pollen-Based Land Cover Reconstructions

Kaplan, Jed / Krumhardt, Kristen / MARQUER, LAURENT

Land, 6(4):91

2017

Abstract: Anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) is the most important transformation of the Earth system that occurred in the preindustrial Holocene, with implications for carbon, water and sediment cycles, biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services and ...

Abstract	Anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) is the most important transformation of the Earth system that occurred in the preindustrial Holocene, with implications for carbon, water and sediment cycles, biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services and regional and global climate. For example, anthropogenic deforestation in preindustrial Eurasia may have led to feedbacks to the climate system: both biogeophysical, regionally amplifying winter cold and summer warm temperatures, and biogeochemical, stabilizing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and thus influencing global climate. Quantification of these effects is difficult, however, because scenarios of anthropogenic land cover change over the Holocene vary widely, with increasing disagreement back in time. Because land cover change had such widespread ramifications for the Earth system, it is essential to assess current ALCC scenarios in light of observations and provide guidance on which models are most realistic. Here, we perform a systematic evaluation of two widely-used ALCC scenarios (KK10 and HYDE3.1) in northern and part of central Europe using an independent, pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene land cover (REVEALS). Considering that ALCC in Europe primarily resulted in deforestation, we compare modeled land use with the cover of non-forest vegetation inferred from the pollen data. Though neither land cover change scenario matches the pollen-based reconstructions precisely, KK10 correlates well with REVEALS at the country scale, while HYDE systematically underestimates land use with increasing magnitude with time in the past. Discrepancies between modeled and reconstructed land use are caused by a number of factors, including assumptions of per-capita land use and socio-cultural factors that cannot be predicted on the basis of the characteristics of the physical environment, including dietary preferences, long-distance trade, the location of urban areas and social organization.
Schlagwörter	land use ; environmental history ; human-environment interactions ; paleoecology
Sprache	Englisch
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
Datenquelle	Fachrepositorium Lebenswissenschaften

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Artikel: Middle to late Holocene plant cover variation in relation to climate, fire, and human activity in the Songnen grasslands of northeastern China.

Niu, Honghao / Marquer, Laurent / Sack, Dorothy / Gao, Guizai / Wang, Jiangyong / Meng, Meng / Jie, Dongmei

Frontiers in plant science

2023 Band 13, Seite(n) 1071273

Abstract: Introduction: For future vegetation projections and conservation planning in grassland ecosystems, accurate estimates of past plant cover changes in grassland composition and their responses to the various driving factors are essential. This study ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: For future vegetation projections and conservation planning in grassland ecosystems, accurate estimates of past plant cover changes in grassland composition and their responses to the various driving factors are essential. This study quantitatively reconstructs the past regional plant cover in the Songnen grasslands (northeastern China) and explores the relative importance of climate, fire, and human activity on vegetation dynamics. Methods: For this purpose, the Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites (REVEALS) model is applied to three pollen records from two areas, two in the center of the Songnen grasslands and one located in an area marginal to the grasslands. Results: Results from the most reliable REVEALS scenarios show that from the mid-Holocene, steppe (mean cover 40.6%) and dry steppe (mean cover 54.2%) alternately dominated the central part of the Songnen grasslands while the marginal grasslands were mainly characterized by alternating broadleaved forests (mean cover 26.3%), coniferous forests (mean cover 41.9%) and dry steppes (mean cover 30.1%). Discussion: By comparing the plant cover results with previous published regional climate, fire and human activity records, the results show that long term vegetation dynamics were mainly driven by East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM) and the related precipitation variations, but was also affected by fire frequency and human activity. Moreover, vegetation evolution was sensitive to abrupt cooling events including the 4.2 ka BP and stacked ice-rafted debris (IRD) events; the change from steppe to dry steppe, for example, was driven by these abrupt climate changes. Fire events can alter the original vegetation stability allowing the vegetation to respond rapidly to climate changes while human activity merely has limited influence on vegetation changes.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-01-09
Erscheinungsland	Switzerland
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2022.1071273
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Evaluation of relative pollen productivities in temperate China for reliable pollen-based quantitative reconstructions of Holocene plant cover.

Li, Furong / Gaillard, Marie-José / Xie, Siqi / Huang, Kangyou / Cui, Qiaoyu / Fyfe, Ralph / Marquer, Laurent / Sugita, Shinya

Frontiers in plant science

2023 Band 14, Seite(n) 1240485

Abstract: The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) is regarded as the soundest approach for quantifying taxon-specific plant cover from pollen data. The reliability of relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates is fundamental in the accuracy of quantitative ... ...

Abstract	The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) is regarded as the soundest approach for quantifying taxon-specific plant cover from pollen data. The reliability of relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates is fundamental in the accuracy of quantitative vegetation reconstruction using the LRA approach. Inconsistent RPP estimates produced by different studies can cast doubt on the reliability and applicability of quantitative vegetation reconstruction. Therefore, it is crucial that the RPP estimates are evaluated before being applied for quantitative vegetation reconstruction. We have tested two alternative approaches, namely, a leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO) method and a splitting-by-subregion strategy, using surface pollen assemblages and the REVEALS model-the first step in the LRA-to evaluate the reliability of RPPs estimates of 10 target taxa obtained in the cultural landscape of Shandong. We compared the REVEALS estimates (RVs) with observations of regional vegetation abundance (OBVs) and pollen proportions (PPs). The RVs of all taxa are generally closer to OBVs than PPs, and the degree of similarity depends strongly on the abundance of individual taxa in plant and pollen; taxa dominant in the region show the highest similarity between RVs and OBVs, such as
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-11-07
Erscheinungsland	Switzerland
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2023.1240485
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: The challenge of comparing pollen-based quantitative vegetation reconstructions with outputs from vegetation models – a European perspective

Dallmeyer, Anne / Poska, Anneli / Marquer, Laurent / Seim, Andrea / Gaillard-Lemdahl, Marie-José

2023

Abstract: We compare Holocene tree-cover changes in Europe derived from a transient MPI-ESM1.2 simulation with high spatial resolution LPJ-GUESS time-slice simulations and pollen-based quantitative reconstructions of tree cover based on the REVEALS model. The ... ...

Abstract	We compare Holocene tree-cover changes in Europe derived from a transient MPI-ESM1.2 simulation with high spatial resolution LPJ-GUESS time-slice simulations and pollen-based quantitative reconstructions of tree cover based on the REVEALS model. The dynamic vegetation models and REVEALS agree with respect to the general temporal trends in tree cover for most parts of Europe, with a large tree cover during the mid-Holocene and a substantially smaller tree cover closer to the present time. However, the decrease in tree cover in REVEALS starts much earlier than in the models indicating much earlier anthropogenic deforestation than the prescribed land-use in the models. While LPJ-GUESS generally overestimates tree cover compared to the reconstructions, MPI-ESM indicates lower percentages of tree cover than REVEALS, particularly in Central Europe and the British Isles. A comparison of the simulated climate with chironomid-based climate reconstructions reveals that model-data mismatches in tree cover are in most cases not driven by biases in the climate. Instead, sensitivity experiments indicate that the model results strongly depend on the tuning of the models regarding natural disturbance regimes (e.g. fire and wind throw). The frequency and strength of disturbances are – like most of the parameters in the vegetation models – static and calibrated to modern conditions. However, these parameter values may not be valid during climate and vegetation states totally different from todays. In particular, the mid-Holocene natural forests were probably more stable and less sensitive to disturbances than present day forests that are heavily altered by human interventions. Our analysis highlights the fact that such model settings are inappropriate for palaeo-simulations and complicate model-data comparisons with additional challenges. Moreover, our study suggests that land-use is the main driver of forest decline in Europe during the mid- and late-Holocene.
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	910
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-03-31
Verlag	Copernicus Publications (EGU)
Erscheinungsland	de
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: The first use of olives in Africa around 100,000 years ago.

Marquer, L / Otto, T / Arous, E Ben / Stoetzel, E / Campmas, E / Zazzo, A / Tombret, O / Seim, A / Kofler, W / Falguères, C / El Hajraoui, M Abdeljalil / Nespoulet, R

Nature plants

2022 Band 8, Heft 3, Seite(n) 204–208

Abstract: The olive tree was an iconic plant for most of the past Mediterranean civilizations, for which it had important economic value. Here we report the earliest use of fruits and wood from olive trees in Africa so far, around 100,000 years ago. These findings ...

Abstract	The olive tree was an iconic plant for most of the past Mediterranean civilizations, for which it had important economic value. Here we report the earliest use of fruits and wood from olive trees in Africa so far, around 100,000 years ago. These findings suggest the presence of olive trees on the Atlantic coast of Morocco during most of the last glacial period, and the use of olives by the early Homo sapiens for fuel management and most probably for consumption.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Africa ; Fruit ; Olea
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-03-22
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2055-0278
ISSN (online)	2055-0278
DOI	10.1038/s41477-022-01109-x
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Legacy of last millennium timber use on plant cover in Central Europe: Insights from tree rings and pollen.

The Science of the total environment

2024 Band 922, Seite(n) 171157

Abstract: Throughout history, humans have relied on wood for constructions, tool production or as an energy source. How and to what extent these human activities have impacted plant abundance and composition over a long-term perspective is, however, not well known. ...

Abstract	Throughout history, humans have relied on wood for constructions, tool production or as an energy source. How and to what extent these human activities have impacted plant abundance and composition over a long-term perspective is, however, not well known. To address this knowledge gap, we combined 44,239 precisely dated tree-ring samples from economically and ecologically important tree species (spruce, fir, pine, oak) from historical buildings, and pollen-based plant cover estimates using the REVEALS model from 169 records for a total of 34 1° × 1° grid cells for Central Europe. Building activity and REVEALS estimates were compared for the entire study region (4-15°E, 46-51°N), and for low (<500 m asl) and mid/high elevations (≥500 m asl) in 100-year time windows over the period 1150-1850. Spruce and oak were more widely used in wooden constructions, amounting to 35 % and 32 %, respectively, compared to pine and fir. Besides wood properties and species abundance, tree diameters of harvested individuals, being similar for all four species, were found to be the most crucial criterion for timber selection throughout the last millennium. Regarding land use changes, from the 1150-1250's onwards, forest cover generally decreased due to deforestation until 1850, especially at lower elevations, resulting in a more heterogeneous landscape. The period 1650-1750 marks a distinct change in the environmental history of Central Europe; increasing agriculture and intense forest management practices were introduced to meet the high demands of an increasing population and intensifying industrialization, causing a decrease in palynological diversity, especially at low elevations. Likely the characteristic vegetation structure and composition of contemporary landscapes originated from that period. We further show that land use has impacted vegetation composition and diversity at an increasing speed leading to a general homogenization of landscapes through time, highlighting the limited environmental benefits of even-aged plantation forestry.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Humans ; Aged ; Forests ; Europe ; Wood ; Pollen ; Forestry ; Pinus ; Conservation of Natural Resources
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-02-25
Erscheinungsland	Netherlands
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171157
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Congruent evolutionary responses of European steppe biota to late Quaternary climate change.

Kirschner, Philipp / Perez, Manolo F / Záveská, Eliška / Sanmartín, Isabel / Marquer, Laurent / Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C / Alvarez, Nadir / Steiner, Florian M / Schönswetter, Peter

Nature communications

2022 Band 13, Heft 1, Seite(n) 1921

Abstract: Quaternary climatic oscillations had a large impact on European biogeography. Alternation of cold and warm stages caused recurrent glaciations, massive vegetation shifts, and large-scale range alterations in many species. The Eurasian steppe biome and ... ...

Abstract	Quaternary climatic oscillations had a large impact on European biogeography. Alternation of cold and warm stages caused recurrent glaciations, massive vegetation shifts, and large-scale range alterations in many species. The Eurasian steppe biome and its grasslands are a noteworthy example; they underwent climate-driven, large-scale contractions during warm stages and expansions during cold stages. Here, we evaluate the impact of these range alterations on the late Quaternary demography of several phylogenetically distant plant and insect species, typical of the Eurasian steppes. We compare three explicit demographic hypotheses by applying an approach combining convolutional neural networks with approximate Bayesian computation. We identified congruent demographic responses of cold stage expansion and warm stage contraction across all species, but also species-specific effects. The demographic history of the Eurasian steppe biota reflects major paleoecological turning points in the late Quaternary and emphasizes the role of climate as a driving force underlying patterns of genetic variance on the biome level.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Bayes Theorem ; Biological Evolution ; Biota ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Phylogeny
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-04-08
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-022-29267-8
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: European Forest Cover During the Past 12,000 Years: A Palynological Reconstruction Based on Modern Analogs and Remote Sensing.

Zanon, Marco / Davis, Basil A S / Marquer, Laurent / Brewer, Simon / Kaplan, Jed O

Frontiers in plant science

2018 Band 9, Seite(n) 253

Abstract: Characterization of land cover change in the past is fundamental to understand the evolution and present state of the Earth system, the amount of carbon and nutrient stocks in terrestrial ecosystems, and the role played by land-atmosphere interactions in ...

Abstract	Characterization of land cover change in the past is fundamental to understand the evolution and present state of the Earth system, the amount of carbon and nutrient stocks in terrestrial ecosystems, and the role played by land-atmosphere interactions in influencing climate. The estimation of land cover changes using palynology is a mature field, as thousands of sites in Europe have been investigated over the last century. Nonetheless, a quantitative land cover reconstruction at a continental scale has been largely missing. Here, we present a series of maps detailing the evolution of European forest cover during last 12,000 years. Our reconstructions are based on the Modern Analog Technique (MAT): a calibration dataset is built by coupling modern pollen samples with the corresponding satellite-based forest-cover data. Fossil reconstructions are then performed by assigning to every fossil sample the average forest cover of its closest modern analogs. The occurrence of fossil pollen assemblages with no counterparts in modern vegetation represents a known limit of analog-based methods. To lessen the influence of no-analog situations, pollen taxa were converted into plant functional types prior to running the MAT algorithm. We then interpolate site-specific reconstructions for each timeslice using a four-dimensional gridding procedure to create continuous gridded maps at a continental scale. The performance of the MAT is compared against methodologically independent forest-cover reconstructions produced using the REVEALS method. MAT and REVEALS estimates are most of the time in good agreement at a trend level, yet MAT regularly underestimates the occurrence of densely forested situations, requiring the application of a bias correction procedure. The calibrated MAT-based maps draw a coherent picture of the establishment of forests in Europe in the Early Holocene with the greatest forest-cover fractions reconstructed between ∼8,500 and 6,000 calibrated years BP. This forest maximum is followed by a general decline in all parts of the continent, likely as a result of anthropogenic deforestation. The continuous spatial and temporal nature of our reconstruction, its continental coverage, and gridded format make it suitable for climate, hydrological, and biogeochemical modeling, among other uses.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2018-03-08
Erscheinungsland	Switzerland
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711035-7
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2018.00253
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Europe's lost forests: a pollen-based synthesis for the last 11,000 years.

Roberts, N / Fyfe, R M / Woodbridge, J / Gaillard, M-J / Davis, B A S / Kaplan, J O / Marquer, L / Mazier, F / Nielsen, A B / Sugita, S / Trondman, A-K / Leydet, M

Scientific reports

2018 Band 8, Heft 1, Seite(n) 716

Abstract: 8000 years ago, prior to Neolithic agriculture, Europe was mostly a wooded continent. Since then, its forest cover has been progressively fragmented, so that today it covers less than half of Europe's land area, in many cases having been cleared to make ... ...

Abstract	8000 years ago, prior to Neolithic agriculture, Europe was mostly a wooded continent. Since then, its forest cover has been progressively fragmented, so that today it covers less than half of Europe's land area, in many cases having been cleared to make way for fields and pasture-land. Establishing the origin of Europe's current, more open land-cover mosaic requires a long-term perspective, for which pollen analysis offers a key tool. In this study we utilise and compare three numerical approaches to transforming pollen data into past forest cover, drawing on >1000
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Biodiversity ; Europe ; Forests ; Fossils ; Humans ; Plant Dispersal ; Plants/classification ; Pollen ; Population Density ; Radiometric Dating
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2018-01-15
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-18646-7
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Modeling past human-induced vegetation change is a challenge – the case of Europe

Marquer, Laurent / Dallmeyer, A / Poska, A / Pongratz, J / Smith, B / Gaillard, M-J

2018

Abstract: Differences between pollen-based reconstructions and dynamic vegetation simulations of past vegetation change in Europe over the last seven millennia are interpreted as being due primarily to land-use change. Incorporating land use in climate and dynamic ...

Abstract	Differences between pollen-based reconstructions and dynamic vegetation simulations of past vegetation change in Europe over the last seven millennia are interpreted as being due primarily to land-use change. Incorporating land use in climate and dynamic vegetation models requires new approaches.
Sprache	Englisch
Verlag	PAGES
Erscheinungsland	de
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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