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Article ; Online: [No title information]

González-Marrón, Adrián / Casarini, Agustín

Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health

2024 Volume 48, Page(s) e8

Title translation	Consumo de tabaco en Costa Rica: ¿está el país preparado para el “fin del juego”?
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2024-01-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1376934-0
ISSN	1680-5348 ; 1020-4989
ISSN (online)	1680-5348
ISSN	1020-4989
DOI	10.26633/RPSP.2024.8
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Article ; Online: Evolution is driven by natural autoencoding: reframing species, interaction codes, cooperation and sexual reproduction.

Cohen, Irun R / Marron, Assaf

Proceedings. Biological sciences

2023 Volume 290, Issue 1994, Page(s) 20222409

Abstract: The continuity of life and its evolution, we proposed, emerge from an interactive group process manifested in networks of interaction. We term this ... ...

Abstract	The continuity of life and its evolution, we proposed, emerge from an interactive group process manifested in networks of interaction. We term this process
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Recognition, Psychology ; Reproduction
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209242-6
ISSN	1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
ISSN (online)	1471-2954
ISSN	0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
DOI	10.1098/rspb.2022.2409
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Zs.A 1364: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with HIV and T CD4

Parrado-Carrillo, A / Fernandez-Marron, A / Ambrosioni, J / Adan, A

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie

2023 Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) e93–e94

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/complications ; Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/diagnosis ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; HIV Infections/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-05
Publishing country	France
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	426662-6
ISSN	1773-0597 ; 0181-5512
ISSN (online)	1773-0597
ISSN	0181-5512
DOI	10.1016/j.jfo.2022.07.018
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Zs.A 1417: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The medium-term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy on gait compared to a matched cerebral palsy non-SDR group: A follow-up study.

Marron, A / O'Sullivan, R / Leonard, J / Kiernan, D

Gait & posture

2022 Volume 99, Page(s) 124–132

Abstract: Background: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) has been shown to improve gait in the short-term in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Further study is needed to look at the trajectory of outcomes over the longer-term.: Research question: What are the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) has been shown to improve gait in the short-term in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Further study is needed to look at the trajectory of outcomes over the longer-term. Research question: What are the medium-term effects of SDR on gait compared to a matched CP non-SDR group? Methods: Participants underwent SDR at mean age 6.3 years and completed baseline, 1-year and 5-year follow-up gait analyses. Non-SDR participants were matched at baseline. Differences were assessed within and between groups. Kinematic variables were analysed using Statistical non-Parametric Mapping (SnPM). Other gait and clinical data were analysed using Friedman's one-way repeated measure analysis of variance and a Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The initial SDR group consisted of 29 participants, reducing to 22 at 5-year follow-up. Of these, 15 (68 %) had orthopaedic surgeries either concurrent with or in the intervening period since the SDR, mean 3.3 procedures per participant. The initial non- SDR group had 18 participants, reducing to 17 at 5-year follow-up. Of these, 13 (76 %) had orthopaedic surgeries, mean 5.7 procedures. At 1-year follow-up the SDR group had significantly improved knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, foot progression, Gait Deviation Index, and normalised step length compared to baseline, p < 0.05, and outcomes were maintained at 5-years. At 1-year follow-up the non-SDR group kinematic patterns were unchanged, but at 5-year follow-up this group demonstrated significantly improved knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion and foot progression. There were no significant kinematic differences between the SDR and the non-SDR group at medium-term follow-up. Significance: We have documented the trajectory of gait outcomes post-SDR over 3 assessments and found that short-term gait changes endured in the medium-term. However, kinematic changes were similar to a non-SDR group undergoing routine and orthopaedic care. These outcomes are important to guide surgical decision making and to manage treatment goals and expectations.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Rhizotomy/methods ; Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Cerebral Palsy/surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Gait ; Muscle Spasticity/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1162323-8
ISSN	1879-2219 ; 0966-6362
ISSN (online)	1879-2219
ISSN	0966-6362
DOI	10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.006
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Article ; Online: Parental subjective assessment of gait limitations: Comparison with objective gait variables.

Marron, A / Brady, K / Kiernan, D

Gait & posture

2021 Volume 92, Page(s) 218–222

Abstract: Background: Subjective assessment is an important part of clinical examination providing quality insights into impairments of body structure and functions. Research into the associations between parental perceptions of gait in children with cerebral ... ...

Abstract	Background: Subjective assessment is an important part of clinical examination providing quality insights into impairments of body structure and functions. Research into the associations between parental perceptions of gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and objective clinical gait measures is limited. Research question: What are the parental perceived gait limitations in children with CP and are these perceptions associated with objective clinical gait analysis? Methods: Parent questionnaires were retrospectively analysed for children with CP who attended our gait analysis laboratory over a 24-month period. Perceived walking limitations caused by pain, weakness, lack of endurance, mental ability, safety concerns, and balance were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale. Normalised gait speed, normalised step length and the Gait Deviation Index (GDI) were calculated. Differences between responses were assessed using Chi-squared tests with Dunn's post hoc test with Bonferroni adjustment. Spearman's rank correlations were performed to determine the relationship between responses and gait parameters. Results: Data from 251 participants were included, mean age 9 ± 3.4 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I = 158, II = 64 and III = 29. Balance was perceived to limit walking to the greatest extent, followed by weakness, lack of endurance, safety concerns, pain and mental ability. This rank was consistent across GMFCS levels I, II and III. Perceived balance limitations showed the strongest correlations with objective gait variables, GDI (r = -0.31 p = 0.000), normalised step length (r = -0.30 p = 0.0000) and normalised gait speed (r = -0.24 p = 0.0001). Significance: Subjective gait perceptions provide a valuable indication of gait function but are weakly associated with objective clinical gait analysis. Outcome measures that are sensitive to changes in balance may be more responsive to parental concerns and help to satisfy their goals and expectations.
MeSH term(s)	Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Gait ; Humans ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies ; Walking/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1162323-8
ISSN	1879-2219 ; 0966-6362
ISSN (online)	1879-2219
ISSN	0966-6362
DOI	10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.11.039
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Book ; Online: Human or Machine

Harel, David / Marron, Assaf

Reflections on Turing-Inspired Testing for the Everyday

2023

Abstract: In his seminal paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", Alan Turing introduced the "imitation game" as part of exploring the concept of machine intelligence. The Turing Test has since been the subject of much analysis, debate, refinement and ... ...

Abstract	In his seminal paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", Alan Turing introduced the "imitation game" as part of exploring the concept of machine intelligence. The Turing Test has since been the subject of much analysis, debate, refinement and extension. Here we sidestep the question of whether a particular machine can be labeled intelligent, or can be said to match human capabilities in a given context. Instead, but inspired by Turing, we draw attention to the seemingly simpler challenge of determining whether one is interacting with a human or with a machine, in the context of everyday life. We are interested in reflecting upon the importance of this Human-or-Machine question and the use one may make of a reliable answer thereto. Whereas Turing's original test is widely considered to be more of a thought experiment, the Human-or-Machine question as discussed here has obvious practical significance. And while the jury is still not in regarding the possibility of machines that can mimic human behavior with high fidelity in everyday contexts, we argue that near-term exploration of the issues raised here can contribute to development methods for computerized systems, and may also improve our understanding of human behavior in general.
Keywords	Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Subject code	401
Publishing date	2023-05-07
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Crouch gait or flexed-knee gait in cerebral palsy: Is there a difference? A systematic review.

O'Sullivan, R / Marron, A / Brady, K

Gait & posture

2020 Volume 82, Page(s) 153–160

Abstract: Background: Crouch or flexed-knee gait is one of the most common pathological gait patterns in cerebral palsy (CP). Differences exist in definitions used; the degree of knee flexion, inclusion of hip or ankle position, and timing in the gait cycle. This ...

Abstract	Background: Crouch or flexed-knee gait is one of the most common pathological gait patterns in cerebral palsy (CP). Differences exist in definitions used; the degree of knee flexion, inclusion of hip or ankle position, and timing in the gait cycle. This ambiguity may be responsible for variations in prevalence rates and difficulty comparing data across studies. Research question: What are the kinematic parameters used to define crouch or flexed-knee gait in CP gait? A secondary aim was to examine the quality of data reporting, focusing on the sample characteristics, inclusion/exclusion criteria and the choice of limb included for analysis. Methods: Articles included in this review reported on a specified cohort of adults or children with crouch or flexed-knee gait assessed with 3-dimensional gait analysis. A customised data extraction and quality assessment table was designed specific to the research question. Results: The majority (75 %) of included studies used the term crouch gait. Where the pattern was defined, 80 % of crouch papers and 94 % of flexed-knee gait papers based this solely on knee position. Kinematic parameters were clearly defined when they provided objective values of knee flexion, supported this with rationale and provided a reference point in the gait cycle. Only 22 % of crouch papers and 19 % of flexed-knee gait papers provided this information. The majority of studies (67 % crouch; 90 % flexed-knee) specified which limb(s) were included for analysis with the majority including both limbs. Objective values of knee flexion ranged from 8 o to 30 o. Significance: This review highlights that crouch and flexed knee are synonymous and ambiguity exists in the kinematic definition making it difficult to make compare data amongst study cohorts. Future research should provide detailed definitions including the threshold value of knee flexion, how it was derived, the timing in the gait cycle and the limb(s) included in analysis.
MeSH term(s)	Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology ; Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Female ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic/etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Movement Disorders/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	1162323-8
ISSN	1879-2219 ; 0966-6362
ISSN (online)	1879-2219
ISSN	0966-6362
DOI	10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.09.001
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Book ; Online: On Augmenting Scenario-Based Modeling with Generative AI

Harel, David / Katz, Guy / Marron, Assaf / Szekely, Smadar

2024

Abstract: The manual modeling of complex systems is a daunting task; and although a plethora of methods exist that mitigate this issue, the problem remains very difficult. Recent advances in generative AI have allowed the creation of general-purpose chatbots, ... ...

Abstract	The manual modeling of complex systems is a daunting task; and although a plethora of methods exist that mitigate this issue, the problem remains very difficult. Recent advances in generative AI have allowed the creation of general-purpose chatbots, capable of assisting software engineers in various modeling tasks. However, these chatbots are often inaccurate, and an unstructured use thereof could result in erroneous system models. In this paper, we outline a method for the safer and more structured use of chatbots as part of the modeling process. To streamline this integration, we propose leveraging scenario-based modeling techniques, which are known to facilitate the automated analysis of models. We argue that through iterative invocations of the chatbot and the manual and automatic inspection of the resulting models, a more accurate system model can eventually be obtained. We describe favorable preliminary results, which highlight the potential of this approach. Comment: This is a preprint version of a paper that will appear at Modelsward 2024
Keywords	Computer Science - Software Engineering ; 68N19
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Evolution is Driven by Natural Autoencoding

Cohen, Irun R. / Marron, Assaf

Reframing Species, Interaction Codes, Cooperation, and Sexual Reproduction

2022

Abstract: The continuity of life and its evolution, we proposed, emerge from an interactive group process manifested in networks of interaction. We term this process \textit{survival-of-the-fitted}. Here, we reason that survival of the fitted results from a ... ...

Abstract	The continuity of life and its evolution, we proposed, emerge from an interactive group process manifested in networks of interaction. We term this process \textit{survival-of-the-fitted}. Here, we reason that survival of the fitted results from a natural computational process we term \textit{natural autoencoding}. Natural autoencoding works by retaining repeating biological interactions while non-repeatable interactions disappear. (1) We define a species by its \textit{species interaction code}, which consists of a compact description of the repeating interactions of species organisms with their external and internal environments. Species interaction codes are descriptions recorded in the biological infrastructure that enables repeating interactions. Encoding and decoding are interwoven. (2) Evolution proceeds by natural autoencoding of sustained changes in species interaction codes. DNA is only one element in natural autoencoding. (3) Natural autoencoding accounts for the paradox of genome randomization in sexual reproduction -- recombined genomes are analogous to the diversified inputs required for artificial autoencoding. The increase in entropy generated by genome randomization compensates for the decrease in entropy generated by organized life. (4) Natural autoencoding and artificial autoencoding algorithms manifest defined similarities and differences. Recognition of the importance of fittedness could well serve the future of a humanly livable biosphere. Comment: In version 7 we added various clarifications including to terminology, definitions, and to the reference to the second law of thermodynamics
Keywords	Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Subject code	612
Publishing date	2022-03-22
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The evolution of universal adaptations of life is driven by universal properties of matter: energy, entropy, and interaction.

Cohen, Irun R / Marron, Assaf

F1000Research

2020 Volume 9, Page(s) 626

Abstract: The evolution of multicellular eukaryotes expresses two sorts of adaptations: local adaptations like fur or feathers, which characterize species in particular environments, and universal adaptations like microbiomes or sexual reproduction, which ... ...

Abstract	The evolution of multicellular eukaryotes expresses two sorts of adaptations: local adaptations like fur or feathers, which characterize species in particular environments, and universal adaptations like microbiomes or sexual reproduction, which characterize most multicellulars in any environment. We reason that the mechanisms driving the universal adaptations of multicellulars should themselves be universal, and propose a mechanism based on properties of matter and systems:
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Entropy ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Microbiota ; Phenotype ; Reproduction
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2699932-8
ISSN	2046-1402 ; 2046-1402
ISSN (online)	2046-1402
ISSN	2046-1402
DOI	10.12688/f1000research.24447.3
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