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Article ; Online: Ovulation but not milt production is inhibited in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to a reproductively inhibitory pulp mill effluent.

Waye, Andrew / Lado, Wudu E / Martel, Pierre H / Arnason, John T / Trudeau, Vance L

Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E

2014 Volume 12, Page(s) 43

Abstract: Background: A 5-day fathead minnow (FHM) spawning assay is used by industry to monitor pulp mill effluent quality, with some mill effluents capable of completely inhibiting spawning. The purpose of this report is to characterize the effect of an ... ...

Abstract	Background: A 5-day fathead minnow (FHM) spawning assay is used by industry to monitor pulp mill effluent quality, with some mill effluents capable of completely inhibiting spawning. The purpose of this report is to characterize the effect of an inhibitory effluent on egg and milt production in FHM. Methods: Eight tanks were treated with an inhibitory effluent while eight were kept with clean water. Each tank contained two males and four females as per the 5-day FHM spawning assay used by industry. Females were stripped of ovulated eggs and males of milt in four effluent-exposed and four control tanks. Eggs oviposited in every tank were also counted and checked for fertilization and data analyzed with 2-way ANOVA. Results: We show that female, but not male, fathead minnow reproductive function is impaired in the 5-day fathead minnow spawning assay used by industry to evaluate pulp mill effluent quality in Canada. Milt production was not changed in the control or exposed males mid-way and at the end of the five day exposure (p > 0.05; n = 8). Total egg production (stripped + oviposited) was impaired (p < 0.05) in fathead minnows exposed to effluent (288 eggs/tank, n = 4 tanks) compared to those in control tanks (753 eggs/tank, n = 4 tanks). Conclusions: Our results indicate that males are able to detect female signals and prepare appropriately for spawning while in females inhibition of ovulation is occurring somewhere along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad reproductive axis. These results suggest female-specific neuroendocrine disruption and provide mechanistic insight into an assay used by industry to assess pulp mill effluent quality.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Aquaculture ; Biological Assay ; Canada ; Cyprinidae/physiology ; Drug Resistance ; Endocrine Disruptors/analysis ; Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity ; Female ; Fertilization/drug effects ; Infertility, Female/chemically induced ; Infertility, Male/chemically induced ; Male ; Oviposition/drug effects ; Ovulation/drug effects ; Ovum/drug effects ; Sex Characteristics ; Waste Water/chemistry ; Waste Water/toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Water Quality ; Wood
Chemical Substances	Endocrine Disruptors ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1477-7827
ISSN (online)	1477-7827
DOI	10.1186/1477-7827-12-43
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Article ; Online: The Relationship between Organic Loading and Effects on Fish Reproduction for Pulp Mill Effluents across Canada.

Martel, Pierre H / O'Connor, Brian I / Kovacs, Tibor G / van den Heuvel, Michael R / Parrott, Joanne L / McMaster, Mark E / MacLatchy, Deborah L / Van Der Kraak, Glen J / Hewitt, L Mark

Environmental science & technology

2017 Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 3499–3507

Abstract: This study builds upon the work of a multiagency consortium tasked with determining cost-effective solutions for the effects of pulp mill effluents on fish reproduction. A laboratory fathead minnow egg production test and chemical characterization tools ... ...

Abstract	This study builds upon the work of a multiagency consortium tasked with determining cost-effective solutions for the effects of pulp mill effluents on fish reproduction. A laboratory fathead minnow egg production test and chemical characterization tools were used to benchmark 81 effluents from 20 mills across Canada, representing the major pulping, bleaching, and effluent treatment technologies. For Kraft and mechanical pulp mills, effluents containing less than 20 mg/L BOD
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Canada ; Cyprinidae ; Industrial Waste ; Paper ; Reproduction/drug effects ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Chemical Substances	Industrial Waste ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.6b05572
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Article: The Relationship between Organic Loading and Effects on Fish Reproduction for Pulp Mill Effluents across Canada

Martel, Pierre H / Hewitt L. Mark / Kovacs Tibor G / MacLatchy Deborah L / McMaster Mark E / OâConnor Brian I / Parrott Joanne L / van den Heuvel Michael R / Van Der Kraak Glen J

Environmental Science & Technology. 2017 Mar. 21, v. 51, no. 6

2017

Abstract	This study builds upon the work of a multiagency consortium tasked with determining cost-effective solutions for the effects of pulp mill effluents on fish reproduction. A laboratory fathead minnow egg production test and chemical characterization tools were used to benchmark 81 effluents from 20 mills across Canada, representing the major pulping, bleaching, and effluent treatment technologies. For Kraft and mechanical pulp mills, effluents containing less than 20 mg/L BODâ were found to have the greatest probability of having no effects. Organic loading, expressed as the total detected solvent-extractable components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), also correlated with decreased egg laying. Exceptions were found for specific Kraft, mechanical, and sulfite mills, suggesting yet unidentified causative agents are involved. Recycled fiber mill effluents, tested for the first time, were found to have little potential for reproductive effects despite large variations in BODâ and GC/MS profiles. Effluent treatment systems across all production types were generally efficient, achieving a combined 82â98% BODâ removal. Further reductions of final effluent organic loadings toward the target of less than 20 mg/L are recommended and can be realized through biotreatment optimization, the reduction of organic losses associated with production upsets and selecting best available technologies that reduce organic loadings to biotreatment.
Keywords	best available technology ; biochemical oxygen demand ; bleaching ; cost effectiveness ; egg production ; fish ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; mechanical pulp ; oviposition ; Pimephales promelas ; probability ; pulp and paper mill effluents ; pulping ; sulfites ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0321
Size	p. 3499-3507.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021%2Facs.est.6b05572
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Article ; Online: Gene expression profiling of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) neuroendocrine brain in response to pulp and paper mill effluents.

Popesku, Jason T / Tan, Elvin Y Z / Martel, Pierre H / Kovacs, Tibor G / Rowan-Carroll, Andrea / Williams, Andrew / Yauk, Carole / Trudeau, Vance L

Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2010 Volume 99, Issue 3, Page(s) 379–388

Abstract: The toxicity of pulp and paper mill effluents (PPMEs) has been greatly decreased, yet some continue to negatively affect fish reproduction. We hypothesized that PPMEs are affecting the brain resulting in decreased reproductive performance. Our goal was ... ...

Abstract	The toxicity of pulp and paper mill effluents (PPMEs) has been greatly decreased, yet some continue to negatively affect fish reproduction. We hypothesized that PPMEs are affecting the brain resulting in decreased reproductive performance. Our goal was to use gene expression profiling to test the hypothesis that PPMEs are having an effect on neural systems in the fathead minnow (FHM; Pimephales promelas) in vivo. Sexually mature male and female FHM were exposed to 100% final biotreated PPMEs from 5 different sources for 5 days. Using an oligo-array (15K genes) we examined the effect of PPMEs on gene expression in the hypothalamus of female fish. We validated selected genes (cholecystokinin, RevErbbeta2, and urotensin I) that were identified by microarray analysis using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We compared the FHM microarray dataset to multiple microarray datasets from experiments conducted with goldfish injected with different dopaminergic pharmaceuticals to examine whether PPMEs could be affecting the dopamine system. Exposure of FHM to PPMEs resulted in varying degrees of spawning inhibition. Microarray analysis revealed surprisingly few genes in the brain that were commonly affected by the different PPMEs. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed the changes in expression for cholecystokinin, RevErbbeta2, and urotensin I. Comparison of the FHM and goldfish microarray datasets suggest that some PPMEs may be acting on the dopamine system. We show that PPMEs are neuroactive in fish and may be acting through some of the pathways in a manner similar to dopamine.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Cyprinidae/genetics ; Cyprinidae/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Industrial Waste ; Male ; Neurosecretory Systems/drug effects ; Neurosecretory Systems/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Ovum/drug effects ; Paper ; Reproduction/drug effects ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Water Pollutants/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Industrial Waste ; Water Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-09-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	782699-0
ISSN	1879-1514 ; 0166-445X
ISSN (online)	1879-1514
ISSN	0166-445X
DOI	10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.05.017
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Article ; Online: A survey of Canadian mechanical pulp and paper mill effluents: insights concerning the potential to affect fish reproduction.

Kovacs, Tibor G / Martel, Pierre H / O'Connor, Brian I / Hewitt, L Mark / Parrott, Joanne L / McMaster, Mark E / MacLatchy, Deborah L / Van Der Kraak, Glen J / Van Den Heuvel, Michael R

Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering

2013 Volume 48, Issue 10, Page(s) 1178–1189

Abstract: Building on breakthroughs recently made at kraft mills, a survey of mechanical pulp and paper mill effluents was undertaken to gain insights concerning potential effects on fish reproduction. Effluents from seven Canadian mills were characterized ... ...

Abstract	Building on breakthroughs recently made at kraft mills, a survey of mechanical pulp and paper mill effluents was undertaken to gain insights concerning potential effects on fish reproduction. Effluents from seven Canadian mills were characterized chemically for conventional parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS). Each sample was further subjected to solvent extraction followed by gas chromatographic separation for the determination of resin/fatty acids and for the estimation of a gas chromatography (GC) profile index. Each mill effluent was assessed for the potential to affect fish reproduction in the laboratory using a five day adult fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) egg production bioassay with exposures to 100% effluent. The seven effluents were found to have substantial variation both in terms of chemical characterization and effects on fish reproduction. Temporal variations were also noted in effluent quality at mills sampled on different occasions. Similar to what has been observed for kraft mills, a general trend of greater reductions in egg production caused by effluents with greater BOD concentrations and GC profile indices was noted. Effluents with BOD > 25 mg/L and GC Profile indices >5.0 caused a complete cessation of egg production. At the same time, about half of the total effluents sampled had BOD < 25 mg/L and GC profile indices <5.0 and caused no significant effects on egg production, suggesting these values may be useful as effluent quality targets for mechanical pulp and paper mills. However, 3 out of 14 effluents sampled had BOD < 25 mg/L and GC profile indices <5.0 and caused significant reductions in egg production. The reason(s) for reproductive effects caused by such effluents is presently unclear. The effluent quality parameters considered in this study may require further refinement to address their utility in predicting the adverse reproductive effects induced by effluents from mechanical pulp and paper mills.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Canada ; Chromatography, Gas ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fishes/physiology ; Industrial Waste/adverse effects ; Paper ; Reproduction/drug effects ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Industrial Waste ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2013
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	196584-0
ISSN	1532-4117 ; 0360-1226 ; 1077-1204 ; 1093-4529
ISSN (online)	1532-4117
ISSN	0360-1226 ; 1077-1204 ; 1093-4529
DOI	10.1080/10934529.2013.776440
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Article: Gene expression profiling of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) neuroendocrine brain in response to pulp and paper mill effluents

Popesku, Jason T / Tan, Elvin Y.Z / Martel, Pierre H / Kovacs, Tibor G / Rowan-Carroll, Andrea / Williams, Andrew / Yauk, Carole / Trudeau, Vance L

Aquatic toxicology. 2010 Sept. 1, v. 99, no. 3

2010

Abstract	The toxicity of pulp and paper mill effluents (PPMEs) has been greatly decreased, yet some continue to negatively affect fish reproduction. We hypothesized that PPMEs are affecting the brain resulting in decreased reproductive performance. Our goal was to use gene expression profiling to test the hypothesis that PPMEs are having an effect on neural systems in the fathead minnow (FHM; Pimephales promelas) in vivo. Sexually mature male and female FHM were exposed to 100% final biotreated PPMEs from 5 different sources for 5 days. Using an oligo-array (15K genes) we examined the effect of PPMEs on gene expression in the hypothalamus of female fish. We validated selected genes (cholecystokinin, RevErbβ2, and urotensin I) that were identified by microarray analysis using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We compared the FHM microarray dataset to multiple microarray datasets from experiments conducted with goldfish injected with different dopaminergic pharmaceuticals to examine whether PPMEs could be affecting the dopamine system. Exposure of FHM to PPMEs resulted in varying degrees of spawning inhibition. Microarray analysis revealed surprisingly few genes in the brain that were commonly affected by the different PPMEs. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed the changes in expression for cholecystokinin, RevErbβ2, and urotensin I. Comparison of the FHM and goldfish microarray datasets suggest that some PPMEs may be acting on the dopamine system. We show that PPMEs are neuroactive in fish and may be acting through some of the pathways in a manner similar to dopamine.
Keywords	Pimephales promelas ; cholecystokinin ; data collection ; dopamine ; drugs ; gene expression ; genes ; goldfish ; hypothalamus ; microarray technology ; pulp and paper mill effluents ; pulping ; reproductive performance ; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; spawning ; toxicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-0901
Size	p. 379-388.
Publishing place	Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier Science
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	782699-0
ISSN	1879-1514 ; 0166-445X
ISSN (online)	1879-1514
ISSN	0166-445X
DOI	10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.05.017
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A survey of Canadian mechanical pulp and paper mill effluents: Insights concerning the potential to affect fish reproduction

Kovacs, Tibor G / Martel, Pierre H / O'Connor, Brian I / Hewitt, L. Mark / Parrott, Joanne L / McMaster, Mark E / MacLatchy, Deborah L / Van Der Kraak, Glen J / Van Den Heuvel, Michael R

Journal of environmental science and health. Part A. Toxic/ hazardous substances and environmental engineering. 2013 Aug. 24, v. 48, no. 10

2013

Abstract	Building on breakthroughs recently made at kraft mills, a survey of mechanical pulp and paper mill effluents was undertaken to gain insights concerning potential effects on fish reproduction. Effluents from seven Canadian mills were characterized chemically for conventional parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS). Each sample was further subjected to solvent extraction followed by gas chromatographic separation for the determination of resin/fatty acids and for the estimation of a gas chromatography (GC) profile index. Each mill effluent was assessed for the potential to affect fish reproduction in the laboratory using a five day adult fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) egg production bioassay with exposures to 100% effluent. The seven effluents were found to have substantial variation both in terms of chemical characterization and effects on fish reproduction. Temporal variations were also noted in effluent quality at mills sampled on different occasions. Similar to what has been observed for kraft mills, a general trend of greater reductions in egg production caused by effluents with greater BOD concentrations and GC profile indices was noted. Effluents with BOD > 25 mg/L and GC Profile indices >5.0 caused a complete cessation of egg production. At the same time, about half of the total effluents sampled had BOD < 25 mg/L and GC profile indices <5.0 and caused no significant effects on egg production, suggesting these values may be useful as effluent quality targets for mechanical pulp and paper mills. However, 3 out of 14 effluents sampled had BOD < 25 mg/L and GC profile indices <5.0 and caused significant reductions in egg production. The reason(s) for reproductive effects caused by such effluents is presently unclear. The effluent quality parameters considered in this study may require further refinement to address their utility in predicting the adverse reproductive effects induced by effluents from mechanical pulp and paper mills.
Keywords	Pimephales promelas ; adults ; bioassays ; biochemical oxygen demand ; egg production ; fatty acids ; fish ; gas chromatography ; mechanical pulp ; prediction ; pulp and paper mill effluents ; pulp and paper mills ; surveys ; temporal variation ; total suspended solids
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-0824
Size	p. 1178-1189.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	196584-0
ISSN	1532-4117 ; 0360-1226 ; 1077-1204 ; 1093-4529
ISSN (online)	1532-4117
ISSN	0360-1226 ; 1077-1204 ; 1093-4529
DOI	10.1080/10934529.2013.776440
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Kraft mill effluent survey: progress toward best management practices for reducing effects on fish reproduction.

Kovacs, Tibor G / Martel, Pierre H / O'Connor, Brian I / Parrott, Joanne L / McMaster, Mark E / Van Der Kraak, Glen J / MacLatchy, Deborah L / van den Heuvel, Michael R / Hewitt, L Mark

Environmental toxicology and chemistry

2011 Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 1421–1429

Abstract: Pulp and paper mill effluents have been linked to effects on fish reproduction for more than 25 years. To date, the causes of these effects and remedial strategies have eluded investigators. Recent work has shown that the degree of reproductive effect ... ...

Abstract	Pulp and paper mill effluents have been linked to effects on fish reproduction for more than 25 years. To date, the causes of these effects and remedial strategies have eluded investigators. Recent work has shown that the degree of reproductive effect caused by a mill effluent is related to the overall organic content. If verified, this could lead to breakthroughs for best management practices (BMPs). For this study, the effluents from seven kraft mills were assessed for their ability to reduce egg production in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) in the laboratory. At the same time, the effluents were analyzed for three parameters thought to be good indicators of organic losses: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), methyl-substituted 2-cyclopentenones (cellulose degradation products), and a gas chromatographic (GC) profile index, which integrates the total area of the chromatographic peaks of solvent-extracted effluents using low-resolution mass spectrometry. The results showed that the degree to which the effluents reduced egg production increased with increased organic losses as characterized by BOD and the GC profile index. Therefore, these parameters could be used to guide BMPs at kraft mills according to specific targets: BOD < 20 mg/L and GC profile index equivalent to effluent with BOD of 20 mg/L. Such targets should be achievable by good in-plant control of organic losses and optimized effluent biotreatment systems.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ; Cyclopentanes/analysis ; Cyprinidae/metabolism ; Cyprinidae/physiology ; Industrial Waste/analysis ; Industrial Waste/prevention & control ; Oogenesis/drug effects ; Paper ; Reproduction/drug effects ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Water Pollution, Chemical/prevention & control ; Water Pollution, Chemical/statistics & numerical data
Chemical Substances	Cyclopentanes ; Industrial Waste ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; cyclopentenone (Q0U2IGF9CK)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	46234-2
ISSN	1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
ISSN	0730-7268
DOI	10.1002/etc.526
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Article ; Online: Effluent monitoring at a bleached kraft mill: directions for best management practices for eliminating effects on fish reproduction.

Martel, Pierre H / Kovacs, Tibor G / O'connor, Brian I / Semeniuk, Sharon / Hewitt, L Mark / Maclatchy, Deborah L / McMaster, Mark E / Parrott, Joanne L / van den Heuvel, Michael R / Van Der Kraak, Glen J

Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering

2011 Volume 46, Issue 8, Page(s) 833–843

Abstract: A long-term monitoring study was conducted on effluents from a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill located in Eastern Canada. The study was designed to gain insights into temporal effluent variability with respect to fish reproduction as it related to ... ...

Abstract	A long-term monitoring study was conducted on effluents from a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill located in Eastern Canada. The study was designed to gain insights into temporal effluent variability with respect to fish reproduction as it related to production upsets, mill restarts and conditions affecting biological treatment performance. Final effluent quality was monitored between February 2007 and May 2009 using biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, resin and fatty acids, a gas chromatographic profiling index, and the presence of methyl substituted 2-cyclopentenones. Selected effluent samples were evaluated for effects on fish reproduction (egg production) using a shortened version of the adult fathead minnow reproductive test. The events relating to negative effects on fish reproduction were upsets of the pulping liquor recovery system resulting in black liquor losses, operational upsets of the hardwood line resulting in the loss of oxygen delignification filtrates, and conditions that reduced the performance of biological treatment (e.g., mill shutdown and low ambient temperatures). The reductions in egg production observed in fathead minnow were associated with biochemical oxygen demand values > 20 mg/L, GC profiling indices > 1.2 and the presence of methyl-substituted 2-cyclopentenones at concentrations > 100 μg/L. This study demonstrated the importance of both in-plant measures for controlling the loss of organics as well as the optimum operation of biological effluent treatment for eliminating effluent-related effects on fish reproduction (egg production) in the laboratory.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ; Canada ; Cyclopentanes/analysis ; Cyprinidae/physiology ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Male ; Paper ; Reproduction/drug effects ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/adverse effects ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollution, Chemical/adverse effects ; Water Pollution, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollution, Chemical/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Cyclopentanes ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; cyclopentenone (Q0U2IGF9CK)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	196584-0
ISSN	1532-4117 ; 0360-1226 ; 1077-1204 ; 1093-4529
ISSN (online)	1532-4117
ISSN	0360-1226 ; 1077-1204 ; 1093-4529
DOI	10.1080/10934529.2011.579850
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Article: Effluent monitoring at a bleached kraft mill: Directions for best management practices for eliminating effects on fish reproduction

Martel, Pierre H / Kovacs, Tibor G / O’connor, Brian I / Semeniuk, Sharon / Hewitt, L. Mark / Maclatchy, Deborah L / McMaster, Mark E / Parrott, Joanne L / van den Heuvel, Michael R / Van Der Kraak, Glen J

Journal of environmental science and health. Part A. Toxic/ hazardous substances and environmental engineering. 2011 July 1, v. 46, no. 8

2011

Abstract	A long-term monitoring study was conducted on effluents from a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill located in Eastern Canada. The study was designed to gain insights into temporal effluent variability with respect to fish reproduction as it related to production upsets, mill restarts and conditions affecting biological treatment performance. Final effluent quality was monitored between February 2007 and May 2009 using biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, resin and fatty acids, a gas chromatographic profiling index, and the presence of methyl substituted 2-cyclopentenones. Selected effluent samples were evaluated for effects on fish reproduction (egg production) using a shortened version of the adult fathead minnow reproductive test. The events relating to negative effects on fish reproduction were upsets of the pulping liquor recovery system resulting in black liquor losses, operational upsets of the hardwood line resulting in the loss of oxygen delignification filtrates, and conditions that reduced the performance of biological treatment (e.g., mill shutdown and low ambient temperatures). The reductions in egg production observed in fathead minnow were associated with biochemical oxygen demand values > 20 mg/L, GC profiling indices > 1.2 and the presence of methyl-substituted 2-cyclopentenones at concentrations > 100 μg/L. This study demonstrated the importance of both in-plant measures for controlling the loss of organics as well as the optimum operation of biological effluent treatment for eliminating effluent-related effects on fish reproduction (egg production) in the laboratory.
Keywords	Pimephales promelas ; adults ; ambient temperature ; best management practices ; biochemical oxygen demand ; biological treatment ; bleached kraft pulp ; chemical oxygen demand ; effluents ; egg production ; fatty acids ; filtrates ; fish ; gas chromatography ; hardwood ; monitoring ; oxygen pulping ; pulp and paper mills ; total suspended solids ; waste liquors ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-0701
Size	p. 833-843.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	196584-0
ISSN	1532-4117 ; 0360-1226 ; 1077-1204 ; 1093-4529
ISSN (online)	1532-4117
ISSN	0360-1226 ; 1077-1204 ; 1093-4529
DOI	10.1080/10934529.2011.579850
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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito