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  1. Article ; Online: Assessing the impact of vegetative cover within Northeast Arkansas agricultural ditches on sediment and nutrient loads

    Martin, E.R. / Godwin, I.A. / Cooper, R.I. / Aryal, N. / Reba, M.L. / Bouldin, J.L.

    Elsevier B.V. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2021 Oct., v. 320 p.107613-

    2021  

    Abstract: Ditch systems in Northeast Arkansas drain excess water from Mississippi Delta fields and transport water into larger streams. This conveyance system is part of the larger Mississippi River drainage basin that feeds sediment and nutrients into the Gulf of ...

    Abstract Ditch systems in Northeast Arkansas drain excess water from Mississippi Delta fields and transport water into larger streams. This conveyance system is part of the larger Mississippi River drainage basin that feeds sediment and nutrients into the Gulf of Mexico. These ditch systems can be an important component of ecosystem services for managing water quality because of their ability to settle sediment and sequester nutrients from field runoff. Vegetation is an important characteristic of these systems that influences sediment and nutrient values. This study investigated the impact of vegetation on water quality in agricultural ditches. Ten sites across two HUC-8 watersheds in Northeast Arkansas were measured weekly for three years to monitor pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, flow, turbidity, total suspended solids, total and dissolved nutrients, and chlorophyll a. Bed and bank vegetative coverage were qualitatively characterized at each site. Contaminant loading comparisons report an upstream - downstream increase in loading for all water quality variables, with few exceptions. Sites were then grouped based on vegetation coverage characteristics. Those with greater bed and bank vegetative coverage had reduced loading values compared to sites with less bed and bank coverage across many of the measured parameters. Additionally, many sediment and nutrient parameters were higher in the non-production season compared to the production season despite similar precipitation and discharge across the year, suggesting a need for non-production season control measures. This study helps to understand the important in-stream processes that potentially improve water quality on a regional basis.
    Keywords agricultural runoff ; agricultural watersheds ; atmospheric precipitation ; chlorophyll ; dissolved oxygen ; drainage channels ; electrical conductivity ; pH ; pollution load ; riparian areas ; riparian vegetation ; seasonal variation ; sediment yield ; total suspended solids ; turbidity ; vegetation cover ; water flow ; water quality ; Arkansas ; Mississippi Delta region ; Mississippi River ; Water quality ; Agricultural ditches ; Loading ; Vegetation ; Mitigation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-10
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 602345-9
    ISSN 1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
    ISSN (online) 1873-2305
    ISSN 0167-8809
    DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107613
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 3803: Show issues
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  2. Article ; Online: Recalcitrant bubbles.

    Shanahan, Martin E R / Sefiane, Khellil

    Scientific reports

    2014  Volume 4, Page(s) 4727

    Abstract: We demonstrate that thermocapillary forces may drive bubbles against liquid flow in 'anomalous' mixtures. Unlike 'ordinary' liquids, in which bubbles migrate towards higher temperatures, we have observed vapour bubbles migrating towards lower ... ...

    Abstract We demonstrate that thermocapillary forces may drive bubbles against liquid flow in 'anomalous' mixtures. Unlike 'ordinary' liquids, in which bubbles migrate towards higher temperatures, we have observed vapour bubbles migrating towards lower temperatures, therefore against the flow. This unusual behaviour may be explained by the temperature dependence of surface tension of these binary mixtures. Bubbles migrating towards their equilibrium position follow an exponential trend. They finally settle in a stationary position just 'downstream' of the minimum in surface tension. The exponential trend for bubbles in 'anomalous' mixtures and the linear trend in pure liquids can be explained by a simple model. For larger bubbles, oscillations were observed. These oscillations can be reasonably explained by including an inertial term in the equation of motion (neglected for smaller bubbles).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/srep04727
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  3. Article ; Online: On the behavior of dew drops.

    Shanahan, Martin E R

    Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

    2011  Volume 27, Issue 24, Page(s) 14919–14922

    Abstract: It may be observed that, when dew drops form, although they may be positioned randomly on flat leaves, they tend to accumulate at the pointed ends of thin, slightly conical growths. We discuss here the basic physics leading to this phenomenon. ...

    Abstract It may be observed that, when dew drops form, although they may be positioned randomly on flat leaves, they tend to accumulate at the pointed ends of thin, slightly conical growths. We discuss here the basic physics leading to this phenomenon.
    MeSH term(s) Chemistry, Physical ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; Thermodynamics ; Water/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-12-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021/la203316k
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  4. Article ; Online: Kinetics of Evaporation of Pinned Nanofluid Volatile Droplets at Subatmospheric Pressures.

    Orejon, Daniel / Shanahan, Martin E R / Takata, Yasuyuki / Sefiane, Khellil

    Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

    2016  Volume 32, Issue 23, Page(s) 5812–5820

    Abstract: We examine the effects of nanoparticle addition at low concentration on the evaporation kinetics of droplets in the constant radius mode. The evaporative behavior of deionized water and Al2O3 nanoparticle laden water on an aluminum substrate was observed ...

    Abstract We examine the effects of nanoparticle addition at low concentration on the evaporation kinetics of droplets in the constant radius mode. The evaporative behavior of deionized water and Al2O3 nanoparticle laden water on an aluminum substrate was observed at atmospheric and at different subatmospheric pressures. The two fluids exhibit the same evaporative behavior, independent of the droplet volume or the subatmospheric pressure. Moreover, the linear relationship between evaporation rate and droplet radius, initially proposed by Picknett and Bexon nearly four decades ago for droplets evaporating in the constant radius mode, is satisfied for both liquids. In addition, we have established a unified correlation solely function of fluid properties that extends this relationship to any subatmospheric pressure and fluid tested. We conclude that the addition of a small quantity of nanoparticles to the base fluid does not modify the kinetics of evaporation for pinned volatile droplets.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00753
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  5. Article ; Online: Effect of particle geometry on triple line motion of nano-fluid drops and deposit nano-structuring.

    Askounis, Alexandros / Sefiane, Khellil / Koutsos, Vasileios / Shanahan, Martin E R

    Advances in colloid and interface science

    2015  Volume 222, Page(s) 44–57

    Abstract: We illustrate the importance of particle geometry on droplet contact line pinning, 'coffee-stain' formation and nano-structuring within the resulting rings. We present the fundamentals of pure liquid droplet evaporation and then discuss the effect of ... ...

    Abstract We illustrate the importance of particle geometry on droplet contact line pinning, 'coffee-stain' formation and nano-structuring within the resulting rings. We present the fundamentals of pure liquid droplet evaporation and then discuss the effect of particles on the evaporation process. The resulting coffee-stain patterns and particle structuring within them are presented and discussed. In the second part, we turn our attention to the effect of particle geometry on the evaporation process. A wide range of particle shapes, categorised according to aspect ratio, from the simple shape of a sphere to the highly irregular shapes of platelets and tubes is discussed. Particle geometry effect on evaporation behaviour was quantified in terms of change in contact angle and contact radius for the stick-slip cases. Consequently the hysteretic energy barrier pinning the droplets was estimated, showing an increasing trend with particle aspect ratio. The three-phase contact line (TL) motion kinetics are complemented with analysis of the nano-structuring behaviour of each shape, leading to the identification of the two main parameters affecting nanoparticle self-assembly behaviour at the wedge. Flow velocity and wedge constraints were found to have antagonist effects on particle deposition, although these varied with particle shape. This description should help in understanding the drying behaviour of more complex fluids. Furthermore, knowing the fundamentals of this simple and inexpensive surface patterning technique should permit its tailoring to the needs of many potential applications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 210507-x
    ISSN 1873-3727 ; 0001-8686
    ISSN (online) 1873-3727
    ISSN 0001-8686
    DOI 10.1016/j.cis.2014.05.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2716: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Evaporation of nanofluid droplets with applied DC potential.

    Orejon, Daniel / Sefiane, Khellil / Shanahan, Martin E R

    Journal of colloid and interface science

    2013  Volume 407, Page(s) 29–38

    Abstract: A considerable growth of interest in electrowetting (EW) has stemmed from the potential exploitation of this technique in numerous industrial and biological applications, such as microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip, electronic paper, and bioanalytical ... ...

    Abstract A considerable growth of interest in electrowetting (EW) has stemmed from the potential exploitation of this technique in numerous industrial and biological applications, such as microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip, electronic paper, and bioanalytical techniques. The application of EW to droplets of liquids containing nanoparticles (nanofluids) is a new area of interest. Understanding the effects of electrowetting at the fundamental level and being able to manipulate deposits from nanofluid droplets represents huge potential. In this work, we study the complete evaporation of nanofluid droplets under DC conditions. Different evolutions of contact angle and contact radius, as well as deposit patterns, are revealed. When a DC potential is applied, continuous and smoother receding of the contact line during the drying out of TiO2 nanofluids and more uniform patterning of the deposit are observed, in contrast to the typical "stick-slip" behavior and rings stains. Furthermore, the mechanisms for nanoparticle interactions with the applied DC potential differ from those proposed for the EW of droplets under AC conditions. The more uniform patterns of particle deposits resulting from DC potential are a consequence of a shorter timescale for electrophoretic mobility than advection transport driven by evaporation.
    MeSH term(s) Electricity ; Microfluidics ; Nanostructures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 241597-5
    ISSN 1095-7103 ; 0021-9797
    ISSN (online) 1095-7103
    ISSN 0021-9797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.05.079
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 71/707: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Inertial to viscoelastic transition in early drop spreading on soft surfaces.

    Chen, Longquan / Bonaccurso, Elmar / Shanahan, Martin E R

    Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

    2013  Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 1893–1898

    Abstract: It has been known for many years that a spreading liquid droplet can be appreciably slowed on a soft, viscoelastic substrate by the appearance of a "wetting ridge" or protuberance of the solid near the triple phase contact line because of capillary ... ...

    Abstract It has been known for many years that a spreading liquid droplet can be appreciably slowed on a soft, viscoelastic substrate by the appearance of a "wetting ridge" or protuberance of the solid near the triple phase contact line because of capillary forces. Viscoelastic dissipation in the solid surface can outweigh that of liquid viscosity and, therefore, dominate wetting dynamics. In this paper, we show that a short, rapid spreading stage exists after initial contact. The requisite balance determining the speed of motion is between capillary forces and inertial effects. As spreading proceeds, however, inertia lessens and the lower spreading speed allow for viscoelastic effects in the solid to increase. The transition between early inertial and viscoelastic regimes is studied with high-speed photography and explained by a simple theory.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021/la3046862
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  8. Article: Inertial to Viscoelastic Transition in Early Drop Spreading on Soft Surfaces

    Chen, Longquan / Bonaccurso Elmar / Shanahan Martin E. R

    Langmuir. 2013 Feb. 12, v. 29, no. 6

    2013  

    Abstract: It has been known for many years that a spreading liquid droplet can be appreciably slowed on a soft, viscoelastic substrate by the appearance of a “wetting ridge” or protuberance of the solid near the triple phase contact line because of capillary ... ...

    Abstract It has been known for many years that a spreading liquid droplet can be appreciably slowed on a soft, viscoelastic substrate by the appearance of a “wetting ridge” or protuberance of the solid near the triple phase contact line because of capillary forces. Viscoelastic dissipation in the solid surface can outweigh that of liquid viscosity and, therefore, dominate wetting dynamics. In this paper, we show that a short, rapid spreading stage exists after initial contact. The requisite balance determining the speed of motion is between capillary forces and inertial effects. As spreading proceeds, however, inertia lessens and the lower spreading speed allow for viscoelastic effects in the solid to increase. The transition between early inertial and viscoelastic regimes is studied with high-speed photography and explained by a simple theory.
    Keywords droplets ; liquids ; photography ; viscoelasticity ; viscosity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-0212
    Size p. 1893-1898.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021%2Fla3046862
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  9. Article: “Biodrop” Evaporation and Ring-Stain Deposits: The Significance of DNA Length

    Askounis, Alexandros / Takata Yasuyuki / Sefiane Khellil / Koutsos Vasileios / Shanahan Martin E. R

    Langmuir. 2016 May 03, v. 32, no. 17

    2016  

    Abstract: Small sessile drops of water containing either long or short strands of DNA (“biodrops”) were deposited on silicon substrates and allowed to evaporate. Initially, the triple line (TL) of both types of droplet remained pinned but later receded. The TL ...

    Abstract Small sessile drops of water containing either long or short strands of DNA (“biodrops”) were deposited on silicon substrates and allowed to evaporate. Initially, the triple line (TL) of both types of droplet remained pinned but later receded. The TL recession mode continued at constant speed until almost the end of drop lifetime for the biodrops with short DNA strands, whereas those containing long DNA strands entered a regime of significantly lower TL recession. We propose a tentative explanation of our observations based on free energy barriers to unpinning and increases in the viscosity of the base liquid due to the presence of DNA molecules. In addition, the structure of DNA deposits after evaporation was investigated by AFM. DNA self-assembly in a series of perpendicular and parallel orientations was observed near the contact line for the long-strand DNA, while, with the short-stranded DNA, smoother ring-stains with some nanostructuring but no striations were evident. At the interior of the deposits, dendritic and faceted crystals were formed from short and long strands, respectively, due to diffusion and nucleation limited processes, respectively. We suggest that the above results related to the biodrop drying and nanostructuring are indicative of the importance of DNA length, i.e., longer DNA chains consisting of linearly bonded shorter, rod-like DNA strands.
    Keywords DNA ; Gibbs free energy ; crystals ; droplets ; drying ; evaporation ; liquids ; silicon ; viscosity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-0503
    Size p. 4361-4369.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021%2Facs.langmuir.6b00038
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  10. Article: Kinetics of Evaporation of Pinned Nanofluid Volatile Droplets at Subatmospheric Pressures

    Orejon, Daniel / Shanahan Martin E. R / Takata Yasuyuki / Sefiane Khellil

    Langmuir. 2016 June 14, v. 32, no. 23

    2016  

    Abstract: We examine the effects of nanoparticle addition at low concentration on the evaporation kinetics of droplets in the constant radius mode. The evaporative behavior of deionized water and Al₂O₃ nanoparticle laden water on an aluminum substrate was ... ...

    Abstract We examine the effects of nanoparticle addition at low concentration on the evaporation kinetics of droplets in the constant radius mode. The evaporative behavior of deionized water and Al₂O₃ nanoparticle laden water on an aluminum substrate was observed at atmospheric and at different subatmospheric pressures. The two fluids exhibit the same evaporative behavior, independent of the droplet volume or the subatmospheric pressure. Moreover, the linear relationship between evaporation rate and droplet radius, initially proposed by Picknett and Bexon nearly four decades ago for droplets evaporating in the constant radius mode, is satisfied for both liquids. In addition, we have established a unified correlation solely function of fluid properties that extends this relationship to any subatmospheric pressure and fluid tested. We conclude that the addition of a small quantity of nanoparticles to the base fluid does not modify the kinetics of evaporation for pinned volatile droplets.
    Keywords aluminum ; aluminum oxide ; droplets ; evaporation rate ; nanoparticles
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-0614
    Size p. 5812-5820.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2005937-1
    ISSN 1520-5827 ; 0743-7463
    ISSN (online) 1520-5827
    ISSN 0743-7463
    DOI 10.1021%2Facs.langmuir.6b00753
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