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Buch ; Online ; E-Book: Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania

Durrant, Jeffrey O. / Martin, Emanuel H. / Melubo, Kokel / Jensen, Ryan R. / Hadfield, Leslie A. / Hardin, Perry J. / Weisler, Laurie

Local Communities, Land Use Change, and Management Challenges

(Geotechnologies and the Environment, ; 22)

2020

Abstract: Northern Tanzania is an important and diverse ecological and cultural region with many protected lands. This book, Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, brings to the forefront research on significant issues and developments in conservation and ... ...

Verfasserangabe	edited by Jeffrey O. Durrant, Emanuel H. Martin, Kokel Melubo, Ryan R. Jensen, Leslie A. Hadfield, Perry J. Hardin, Laurie Weisler
Serientitel	Geotechnologies and the Environment, ; 22
Abstract	Northern Tanzania is an important and diverse ecological and cultural region with many protected lands. This book, Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, brings to the forefront research on significant issues and developments in conservation and management in national parks and protected lands in northern Tanzania. The book draws attention to issues at the intersection of conservation, tourism, and community livelihood, and several studies use geospatial technologies—Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing data and techniques—to study land use and land cover conversion. With contributions from professors at the Mweka College of African Wildlife Management located at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro and other Tanzanian researchers, the book provides important perspectives of local experts and practitioners. Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania provides a significant contribution in research and technological advancement in the areas of wildlife conservation and protected land management throughout this critical region.
Schlagwörter	Environmental management ; Environmental geography ; Nature conservation ; Geographical information systems ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Geography ; Nature Conservation ; Geographical Information Systems/Cartography
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	333.72
Sprache	Englisch
Umfang	1 online resource (vii, 168 pages) :, illustrations.
Ausgabenhinweis	1st ed. 2020.
Verlag	Springer International Publishing ; Imprint: Springer
Erscheinungsort	Cham
Dokumenttyp	Buch ; Online ; E-Book
Bemerkung	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
ISBN	3-030-43302-1 ; 3-030-43301-3 ; 978-3-030-43302-4 ; 978-3-030-43301-7
DOI	10.1007/978-3-030-43302-4
Datenquelle	ZB MED Katalog Medizin, Gesundheit, Ernährung, Umwelt, Agrar

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Artikel ; Online: Does variation in plant diversity and abundance influence browsing intensity in black rhinos?

Sisya, Emanuel S. / Moyo, Francis / Martin, Emanuel H. / Munishi, Linus K.

African Journal of Ecology. 2023 Sept., v. 61, no. 3 p.606-616

2023

Abstract: Variations in forage availability, selection and preferences can lead to intense foraging competition and depletion of food consequently lowering diet quality and population performance of black rhino species. This study investigated seasonal variations ... ...

Abstract	Variations in forage availability, selection and preferences can lead to intense foraging competition and depletion of food consequently lowering diet quality and population performance of black rhino species. This study investigated seasonal variations in rhino diet, foraging, preference and browsing intensity and how this is influenced by plant diversity and availability in Mkomazi National Park (MKONAPA). Fifty‐eight square grids were randomly selected in each season, and plots were laid for vegetation assessment during wet and dry seasons in the sanctuary. Browsed species by rhinos were compared with rhino feeding data from fourteen rhino range areas within Africa. More than 85% of species edible in MKONAPA were similar to those in rhino range areas. Acalypha ornata, Grewia similis and Commiphora africana were highly utilised specie in both seasons. Diversity and abundance of consumed browses decreased towards the dry season while browsing intensity increased with forage preference in both seasons and was prominent when browse availability was low in dry seasons. Our study established seasonal variation in dietary composition, browsing intensity and preferences for black rhinos. We suggest establishing nutritional composition of preferred forages, assessing density of competitor browsers, translocating excess rhinos or expanding the sanctuary to meet the recommended ecological carrying capacity.
Schlagwörter	Acalypha ; Commiphora ; Grewia ; diet ; dry season ; food composition ; food quality ; forage ; national parks ; nutrient content ; seasonal variation ; species diversity ; vegetation ; Africa
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2023-09
Umfang	p. 606-616.
Erscheinungsort	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Anmerkung	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2019879-6
ISSN	1365-2028 ; 0141-6707
ISSN (online)	1365-2028
ISSN	0141-6707
DOI	10.1111/aje.13145
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel: Local Perceptions of Climate Change and Adaptation Responses from Two Mountain Regions in Tanzania

Kaganzi, Kaiza R. / Cuni-Sanchez, Aida / Mcharazo, Fatuma / Martin, Emanuel H. / Marchant, Robert A. / Thorn, Jessica P. R.

Land. 2021 Sept. 23, v. 10, no. 10

2021

Abstract: Mountain environments and communities are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Changes in temperature are greater than at lower elevations, which affect the height of the cloud base and local rainfall patterns. While our knowledge of the ... ...

Abstract	Mountain environments and communities are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Changes in temperature are greater than at lower elevations, which affect the height of the cloud base and local rainfall patterns. While our knowledge of the biophysical nature of climate change in East Africa has increased in the past few years, research on Indigenous farmers’ perceptions and adaptation responses is still lacking, particularly in mountains regions. Semi-structured interviews were administered to 300 farmers on Mount Kilimanjaro (n = 150) and the Udzungwa Mountains (n = 150) in Tanzania across gender and wealth groups. Respondents in both mountains reported not only changes in rainfall and temperature, corresponding with meteorological data, but also a greater incidence of fog, wind, frost, and hailstorms—with impacts on decreased crop yields and increased outbreaks of pests. The most common adaptation strategies used were improved crop varieties and inputs. Wealthier households diversified into horticulture or animal rearing, while poorer households of Hehe ethnicity diversified to labour and selling firewood. Despite being climate change literate and having access to radios, most respondents used Indigenous knowledge to decide on planting dates. Our findings highlight how context and culture are important when designing adaptation options and argue for greater involvement of local stakeholders in adaptation planning using a science-with-society approach. Place-based results offer generalisable insights that have application for other mountains in the Global South.
Schlagwörter	animals ; climate change ; frost ; fuelwood ; gender ; horticulture ; indigenous knowledge ; land ; meteorological data ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; rain ; stakeholders ; temperature ; wind ; Tanzania
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2021-0923
Erscheinungsort	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	2682955-1
ISSN	2073-445X
ISSN	2073-445X
DOI	10.3390/land10100999
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: Patterns Pertaining to Crocodile Attacks on Humans in Tanzania: Baseline Data to Support Mitigation Measures

Eustace, Abraham / Gunda, Daud M. / Mremi, Rudolf / Sanya, John / Kamili, Elizabeth / Munuo, Wilbright A. / Saigilu, Meshack M. / Martin, Emanuel H. / Kisingo, Alex W. / Kahana, Ladislaus

Hum Ecol. 2022 Oct., v. 50, no. 5 p.953-961

2022

Abstract: Studies of animal attacks on humans in Tanzania have been biased towards large mammals, such as elephants, lions, and hyenas, overlooking attacks from other taxa, including reptiles. Here, we used data from government institutions to explore patterns of ... ...

Abstract	Studies of animal attacks on humans in Tanzania have been biased towards large mammals, such as elephants, lions, and hyenas, overlooking attacks from other taxa, including reptiles. Here, we used data from government institutions to explore patterns of attacks on humans by crocodiles in Tanzania between 2010 and 2019. We obtained a total of 575 crocodile attacks, with most of the attacks occurring within or adjacent to the Nile crocodile range. Crocodile attacks varied significantly by victim gender, with 81% of attacks involving males. Furthermore, 58% of the attacks were fatal, with the proportion being more significant to children than adult victims. To reduce the frequency of attacks and fatalities, we recommend the construction of crocodile exclusion enclosures in crocodile attack hotspots and raising awareness in riparian communities, especially for children in schools, regarding crocodile range, attacks, and how to avoid them.
Schlagwörter	Crocodylus niloticus ; adults ; crocodiles ; gender ; Tanzania
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2022-10
Umfang	p. 953-961.
Erscheinungsort	Springer US
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
ZDB-ID	216107-2
ISSN	0300-7839
ISSN	0300-7839
DOI	10.1007/s10745-022-00355-z
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel: Does variation between dry and wet seasons affect tropical forest mammals' occupancy and detectability by camera traps? Case study from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania

Martin, Emanuel H / Francesco Rovero / Vedasto G. Ndibalema

African journal of ecology. 2017 Mar., v. 55, no. 1

2017

Abstract: The increasing use of camera trapping coupled to occupancy analysis to study terrestrial mammals has opened the way to inferential studies that besides estimating the probability of presence explicitly consider detectability. This in turn allows ... ...

Abstract	The increasing use of camera trapping coupled to occupancy analysis to study terrestrial mammals has opened the way to inferential studies that besides estimating the probability of presence explicitly consider detectability. This in turn allows considering factors that can potentially confound the estimation of occupancy and detection probability, including seasonal variations in rainfall. To address this, we conducted a systematic camera trapping survey in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania by deploying twenty camera traps for 30Â days in dry and wet seasons and used dynamic occupancy modelling to determine the effect of season on estimated occupancy and detection probability for species with >10 capture events. The sampling yielded 7657 and 6015 images in dry and wet seasons, respectively, belonging to 21 mammal species. Models with no season dependency and with seasonâdependent detectability were best supported, indicating that neither colonization nor extinction varied with seasons and hence occupancy did not vary. Only bush pig (Potamochoerus larvatus) showed a significant decrease in detectability from dry to wet seasons. Our study indicates that seasonal variation in rainfall may have limited effect on occupancy and detectability of resident mammals in Udzungwa rainforests; however, it remains a factor to consider when designing future studies.
Schlagwörter	camera trapping ; case studies ; extinction ; mammals ; models ; mountains ; Potamochoerus larvatus ; probability ; rain ; rain forests ; seasonal variation ; surveys ; tropical forests ; wet season ; Tanzania
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2017-03
Umfang	p. 37-46.
Erscheinungsort	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
Anmerkung	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2019879-6
ISSN	1365-2028 ; 0141-6707
ISSN (online)	1365-2028
ISSN	0141-6707
DOI	10.1111/aje.12312
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: A dataset of occurrence of wild bees and their interaction with foraging plants along a livestock grazing gradient of northern Tanzania.

Lasway, Julius V / Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf / Mremi, Rudolf / Kinabo, Neema R / Sanya, John J / Nyakunga, Oliver C / Martin, Emanuel H / Eardley, Connal / Pauly, Alain / Peters, Marcell K / Njovu, Henry K

Data in brief

2023 Band 48, Seite(n) 109181

Abstract: A dataset describing the occurrence of wild bees and their interaction with forage plants along livestock grazing gradient is critical in understanding bee-plant interaction networks and in developing conservation plans to ensure ecosystem services in ... ...

Abstract	A dataset describing the occurrence of wild bees and their interaction with forage plants along livestock grazing gradient is critical in understanding bee-plant interaction networks and in developing conservation plans to ensure ecosystem services in human-modified landscapes. Despite this need, bee-plant datasets are scarce in Africa, and Tanzania is no exception. Therefore, in this article, we present a dataset of wild bee species richness, occurrence, and distribution collected across sites with different levels of livestock grazing intensity and forage resources thereby. The data presented in this paper supports a research article by Lasway et al., 2022 describing the effects of grazing intensity on East African bee assemblages. The paper presents primary data on bee species, collection method, date of collection, bee family, identifier, plant forage resource, forage plant life form, forage plant family, location (GPS coordinates), grazing intensity category, mean annual temperature (°C), and elevation (m asl). The data were collected intermittently between August 2018 and March 2020 from 24 study sites distributed along three levels of livestock grazing intensity with eight replicates for each: low, moderate, and high livestock grazing intensity. In each study site, two 50 × 50 m study plots were set from which bees and floral resources were sampled and quantified. The two plots were placed in a way to capture the overall structural heterogeneity of the respective habitat by placing the two plots in contrasting microhabitats where possible. For example, in moderately livestock-grazed habitats, plots were placed on sites with and without tree or shrub cover to ensure representativeness. This paper presents a dataset comprising 2,691 bee individuals from 183 species representing 55 genera of the five bee families: Halictidae (74), Apidae (63), Megachilidae (40), Andrenidae (5), and Colletidae (1). In addition, the dataset comprises 112 species of flowering plants that were identified as potential forage resources for bees. This paper supplements rare but critical data on bee pollinators in Northern Tanzania and advances our knowledge of the potential drivers of bee-pollinator whose populations diversity are declining globally. The dataset will also promote collaborations among researchers who would wish to combine and extend their data for further analysis to gain a broader understanding of the phenomenon on a larger spatial scale.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-04-24
Erscheinungsland	Netherlands
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409 ; 2352-3409
ISSN (online)	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2023.109181
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Occurrence dynamics of mammals in protected tropical forests respond to human presence and activities.

Semper-Pascual, Asunción / Sheil, Douglas / Beaudrot, Lydia / Dupont, Pierre / Dey, Soumen / Ahumada, Jorge / Akampurira, Emmanuel / Bitariho, Robert / Espinosa, Santiago / Jansen, Patrick A / Lima, Marcela Guimarães Moreira / Martin, Emanuel H / Mugerwa, Badru / Rovero, Francesco / Santos, Fernanda / Uzabaho, Eustrate / Bischof, Richard

Nature ecology & evolution

2023 Band 7, Heft 7, Seite(n) 1092–1103

Abstract: Protected areas (PAs) play a vital role in wildlife conservation. Nonetheless there is concern and uncertainty regarding how and at what spatial scales anthropogenic stressors influence the occurrence dynamics of wildlife populations inside PAs. Here we ... ...

Abstract	Protected areas (PAs) play a vital role in wildlife conservation. Nonetheless there is concern and uncertainty regarding how and at what spatial scales anthropogenic stressors influence the occurrence dynamics of wildlife populations inside PAs. Here we assessed how anthropogenic stressors influence occurrence dynamics of 159 mammal species in 16 tropical PAs from three biogeographic regions. We quantified these relationships for species groups (habitat specialists and generalists) and individual species. We used long-term camera-trap data (1,002 sites) and fitted Bayesian dynamic multispecies occupancy models to estimate local colonization (the probability that a previously empty site is colonized) and local survival (the probability that an occupied site remains occupied). Multiple covariates at both the local scale and landscape scale influenced mammal occurrence dynamics, although responses differed among species groups. Colonization by specialists increased with local-scale forest cover when landscape-scale fragmentation was low. Survival probability of generalists was higher near the edge than in the core of the PA when landscape-scale human population density was low but the opposite occurred when population density was high. We conclude that mammal occurrence dynamics are impacted by anthropogenic stressors acting at multiple scales including outside the PA itself.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Humans ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Forests ; Mammals ; Animals, Wild
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-06-26
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2397-334X
ISSN (online)	2397-334X
DOI	10.1038/s41559-023-02060-6
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Assessing changes in Tanzania's Kwakuchinja Wildlife Corridor using multitemporal satellite imagery and open source tools

Martin, Emanuel H / Eustace, Abraham / Hardin, Perry J / Jensen, Ryan R / Kisingo, Alex W / Shoo, Rehema A

Applied geography. 2019 Sept., v. 110

2019

Abstract: The Kwakuchinja Wildlife Corridor (KWC) connects Tanzania's Tarangire and Lake Manyara national parks. The KWC has historically been an avenue for 25 species of wildlife, including African elephants (Loxodonta africana), to move between the two parks – ... ...

Abstract	The Kwakuchinja Wildlife Corridor (KWC) connects Tanzania's Tarangire and Lake Manyara national parks. The KWC has historically been an avenue for 25 species of wildlife, including African elephants (Loxodonta africana), to move between the two parks –movement which is essential to maintain herd size and animal well-being. Unfortunately, due to increasing human settlement and agriculture prevalent in the corridor, the health of the corridor was listed as ‘critical’ in 2009. The ability to map, monitor, and model landuse dynamics is essential to conservationists seeking to preserve free animal movement through the KWC. We show that land cover change in the corridor can be mapped using open-source satellite image products and applications. We demonstrate this process by comparing landcover maps derived from Landsat data in 2002 and 2017. The imagery was acquired and processed in the open-source Google Earth Engine and QGIS software. Results show that agriculture increased by 35.6% and woodlands decreased by 67.4% in the KWC study area in the period between 2002 and 2017. While some of the farmland increase was simple expansion of pre-existing fields, most of the increase occurred along the newly paved (in 2005) road A104.
Schlagwörter	agricultural land ; animal well-being ; animals ; biological corridors ; computer software ; herd size ; human settlements ; Internet ; lakes ; land cover ; land use ; Landsat ; Loxodonta africana ; models ; national parks ; remote sensing ; wildlife ; woodlands ; Tanzania
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2019-09
Erscheinungsort	Elsevier Ltd
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ISSN	0143-6228
DOI	10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.102051
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Buch ; Online: Occurrence dynamics of mammals in protected tropical forests respond to human presence and activities

Semper-Pascual, Asunción / Sheil, Douglas / Beaudrot, Lydia / Dupont, Pierre / Dey, Soumen / Ahumada, Jorge / Akampurira, Emmanuel / Bitariho, Robert / Espinosa, Santiago / Jansen, Patrick A. / Lima, Marcela Guimarães Moreira / Martin, Emanuel H. / Mugerwa, Badru / Rovero, Francesco / Santos, Fernanda / Uzabaho, Eustrate / Bischof, Richard

2023

Abstract: This dataset contains: - Spatial covariates (i.e., percentage of forest, division index, distance to protected area edge, distance to built-up areas and human population density) used in the hierarchical dynamic multi-species occupancy model. - Rdata ... ...

Abstract	This dataset contains: - Spatial covariates (i.e., percentage of forest, division index, distance to protected area edge, distance to built-up areas and human population density) used in the hierarchical dynamic multi-species occupancy model. - Rdata file containing the detection non-detection matrix. - R script used to run a simulation of the model, subset and organize the empirical data, and run the model with the empirical data This dataset contains: - Spatial covariates (i.e., percentage of forest, division index, distance to protected area edge, distance to built-up areas and human population density) used in the hierarchical dynamic multi-species occupancy model. - Rdata file containing the detection non-detection matrix. - R script used to run a simulation of the model, subset and organize the empirical data, and run the model with the empirical data
Schlagwörter	Ecology ; FOS: Biological sciences
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	310
Verlag	Wageningen University & Research
Erscheinungsland	nl
Dokumenttyp	Buch ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Occurrence dynamics of mammals in protected tropical forests respond to human presence and activities

Semper-Pascual, Asunción / Sheil, Douglas / Beaudrot, Lydia / Dupont, Pierre / Dey, Soumen / Ahumada, Jorge / Akampurira, Emmanuel / Bitariho, Robert / Espinosa, Santiago / Jansen, Patrick A. / Lima, Marcela Guimarães Moreira / Martin, Emanuel H. / Mugerwa, Badru / Rovero, Francesco / Santos, Fernanda / Uzabaho, Eustrate / Bischof, Richard

Nature Ecology and Evolution

2023 Band 7, Heft 7

Abstract	Protected areas (PAs) play a vital role in wildlife conservation. Nonetheless there is concern and uncertainty regarding how and at what spatial scales anthropogenic stressors influence the occurrence dynamics of wildlife populations inside PAs. Here we assessed how anthropogenic stressors influence occurrence dynamics of 159 mammal species in 16 tropical PAs from three biogeographic regions. We quantified these relationships for species groups (habitat specialists and generalists) and individual species. We used long-term camera-trap data (1,002 sites) and fitted Bayesian dynamic multispecies occupancy models to estimate local colonization (the probability that a previously empty site is colonized) and local survival (the probability that an occupied site remains occupied). Multiple covariates at both the local scale and landscape scale influenced mammal occurrence dynamics, although responses differed among species groups. Colonization by specialists increased with local-scale forest cover when landscape-scale fragmentation was low. Survival probability of generalists was higher near the edge than in the core of the PA when landscape-scale human population density was low but the opposite occurred when population density was high. We conclude that mammal occurrence dynamics are impacted by anthropogenic stressors acting at multiple scales including outside the PA itself.
Schlagwörter	Life Science
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	333
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsland	nl
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
ISSN	2397-334X
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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