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Article ; Online: The sense of embodiment in Virtual Reality and its assessment methods

Martin Guy / Jean-Marie Normand / Camille Jeunet-Kelway / Guillaume Moreau

Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol

2023 Volume 4

Abstract: The sense of embodiment refers to the sensations of being inside, having, and controlling a body. In virtual reality, it is possible to substitute a person’s body with a virtual body, referred to as an avatar. Modulations of the sense of embodiment ... ...

Abstract	The sense of embodiment refers to the sensations of being inside, having, and controlling a body. In virtual reality, it is possible to substitute a person’s body with a virtual body, referred to as an avatar. Modulations of the sense of embodiment through modifications of this avatar have perceptual and behavioural consequences on users that can influence the way users interact with the virtual environment. Therefore, it is essential to define metrics that enable a reliable assessment of the sense of embodiment in virtual reality to better understand its dimensions, the way they interact, and their influence on the quality of interaction in the virtual environment. In this review, we first introduce the current knowledge on the sense of embodiment, its dimensions (senses of agency, body ownership, and self-location), and how they relate the ones with the others. Then, we dive into the different methods currently used to assess the sense of embodiment, ranging from questionnaires to neurophysiological measures. We provide a critical analysis of the existing metrics, discussing their advantages and drawbacks in the context of virtual reality. Notably, we argue that real-time measures of embodiment, which are also specific and do not require double tasking, are the most relevant in the context of virtual reality. Electroencephalography seems a good candidate for the future if its drawbacks (such as its sensitivity to movement and practicality) are improved. While the perfect metric has yet to be identified if it exists, this work provides clues on which metric to choose depending on the context, which should hopefully contribute to better assessing and understanding the sense of embodiment in virtual reality.
Keywords	virtual reality ; review ; embodiment ; evaluation ; assessment method ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	629
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Another Endogarment to Choose From, But Where Does This Fit in to the Treatment Algorithm for TBAD?

Martin, Guy / Bicknell, Colin

European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery

2021 Volume 62, Issue 4, Page(s) 575

MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1225869-6
ISSN	1532-2165 ; 1078-5884
ISSN (online)	1532-2165
ISSN	1078-5884
DOI	10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.06.016
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Zs.A 2283: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Can mixed reality technologies teach surgical skills better than traditional methods? A prospective randomised feasibility study.

Guha, Payal / Lawson, Jason / Minty, Iona / Kinross, James / Martin, Guy

BMC medical education

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 144

Abstract: Background: Basic surgical skills teaching is often delivered with didactic audio-visual content, and new digital technologies may allow more engaging and effective ways of teaching to be developed. The Microsoft HoloLens 2 (HL2) is a multi-functional ... ...

Abstract	Background: Basic surgical skills teaching is often delivered with didactic audio-visual content, and new digital technologies may allow more engaging and effective ways of teaching to be developed. The Microsoft HoloLens 2 (HL2) is a multi-functional mixed reality headset. This prospective feasibility study sought to assess the device as a tool for enhancing technical surgical skills training. Methods: A prospective randomised feasibility study was conducted. 36 novice medical students were trained to perform a basic arteriotomy and closure using a synthetic model. Participants were randomised to receive a structured surgical skills tutorial via a bespoke mixed reality HL2 tutorial (n = 18), or via a standard video-based tutorial (n = 18). Proficiency scores were assessed by blinded examiners using a validated objective scoring system and participant feedback collected. Results: The HL2 group showed significantly greater improvement in overall technical proficiency compared to the video group (10.1 vs. 6.89, p = 0.0076), and a greater consistency in skill progression with a significantly narrower range of scores (SD 2.48 vs. 4.03, p = 0.026). Participant feedback showed the HL2 technology to be more interactive and engaging with minimal device related problems experienced. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that mixed reality technology may provide a higher quality educational experience, improved skill progression and greater consistency in learning when compared to traditional teaching methodologies for basic surgical skills. Further work is required to refine, translate, and evaluate the scalability and applicability of the technology across a broad range of skills-based disciplines.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Augmented Reality ; Feasibility Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Technology ; Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2044473-4
ISSN	1472-6920 ; 1472-6920
ISSN (online)	1472-6920
ISSN	1472-6920
DOI	10.1186/s12909-023-04122-6
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Article ; Online: Effect of Mixed Reality on Delivery of Emergency Medical Care in a Simulated Environment: A Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial.

Lawson, Jason / Martin, Guy / Guha, Payal / Gold, Matthew / Nimer, Amr / Syed, Sadie / Kinross, James

JAMA network open

2023 Volume 6, Issue 8, Page(s) e2330338

Abstract: Importance: Mixed-reality (MR) technology has the potential to enhance care delivery, but there remains a paucity of evidence for its efficacy and feasibility.: Objective: To assess the efficacy and feasibility of MR technology to enhance emergency ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Mixed-reality (MR) technology has the potential to enhance care delivery, but there remains a paucity of evidence for its efficacy and feasibility. Objective: To assess the efficacy and feasibility of MR technology to enhance emergency care delivery in a simulated environment. Design, setting, and participants: This pilot randomized crossover trial was conducted from September to November 2021 at a single center in a high-fidelity simulated environment with participants block randomized to standard care (SC) or MR-supported care (MR-SC) groups. Participants were 22 resident-grade physicians working in acute medical and surgical specialties prospectively recruited from a single UK Academic Health Sciences Centre. Data were analyzed from September to December 2022. Intervention: Participants resuscitated a simulated patient who was acutely unwell, including undertaking invasive procedures. Participants completed 2 scenarios and were randomly assigned to SC or MR-SC for the first scenario prior to crossover. The HoloLens 2 MR device provided interactive holographic content and bidirectional audiovisual communication with senior physicians in the MR-SC group. Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was error rate assessed via the Imperial College Error Capture (ICECAP) multidimensional error-capture tool. Secondary outcomes included teamwork (Observational Teamwork Assessment for Surgery [OTAS]; range, 0-6 and Teamwork Skills Assessment for Ward Care [T-SAW-C]; range, 1-5), scenario completion, stress and cognitive load (NASA Task Load Index [NASA-TLX; range 0-100]), and MR device user acceptability. Results: A total of 22 physicians (15 males [68.2%]; median [range] age, 28 [25-34] years) were recruited. MR technology significantly reduced the mean (SD) number of errors per scenario compared with SC (5.16 [3.34] vs 8.30 [3.09] errors; P = .003), with substantial reductions in procedural (0.79 [0.75] vs 1.52 [1.20] errors; P = .02), technical (1.95 [1.40] vs 3.65 [2.03] errors; P = .01), and safety (0.37 [0.96] vs 0.96 [0.85] errors; P = .04) domains. MR resulted in significantly greater scenario completion rates vs SC (22 scenarios [100%] vs 14 scenarios [63.6%]; P = .003). It also led to significant improvements in the overall quality of teamwork and interactions vs SC as measured by mean (SD) OTAS (25.41 [6.30] vs 16.33 [5.49]; P < .001) and T-SAW-C (27.35 [6.89] vs 18.37 [6.09]; P < .001) scores. As reported via mean (range) NASA-TLX score, there were significant reductions for MR-SC vs SC in participant temporal demands (38 [20-50] vs 46 [30-70]; P = .03) and significant improvements in self-reported task performance (50 [30-60] vs 39 [10-70]; P = .01). Overall, 19 participants (86.4%) reported that they were more confident in making clinical decisions and undertaking clinical procedures with MR support. Conclusions and relevance: This study found that the use of MR technology reduced error, improved teamwork, and enhanced practitioner confidence when used to support the delivery of simulated emergency medical care. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05870137.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Cross-Over Studies ; Augmented Reality ; Pilot Projects ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Treatment
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30338
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Article ; Online: Removal of Partially Deployed Supera Stents: Case-Based Review and Technical Considerations.

Martin, Guy / Antonietti, Alberto / Patrone, Lorenzo

Journal of endovascular therapy : an official journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists

2021 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 507–511

Abstract: Purpose: Maldeployment of the Supera stent system can result in primary technical failure, inferior primary patency, and poorer patient outcomes. The purpose of this article is to present a case series illustrating the conditions required to perform ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Maldeployment of the Supera stent system can result in primary technical failure, inferior primary patency, and poorer patient outcomes. The purpose of this article is to present a case series illustrating the conditions required to perform optimal stent deployment, and if necessary, undertake successful stent removal following maldeployment. Technique: Two key failures of effective Supera deployment are elongation and invagination. Several technical factors should be considered to reduce the risk of maldeployment: aggressive target vessel predilation, the use of multiple fluoroscopic views, slow deployment with controlled forward pressure applied on the delivery device, "sandwich packing" of the stent above and below target lesions, and the "pulling back" of invagination. To successfully retrieve a partially deployed stent, 3 factors should be considered: the percentage of the stent already deployed, the distance from the distal tip of the introducing sheath to the proximal extent of the deployed stent, and the severity of proximal vessel disease. The higher these factors, the greater the risk of stent detachment and failed retrieval. Conclusion: In this series of 6 cases of maldeployment, the removal of a partially deployed Supera stent appeared to be feasible and safe, with success dependent on selected technical and anatomical considerations.
MeSH term(s)	Alloys ; Humans ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Popliteal Artery ; Prosthesis Design ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Patency
Chemical Substances	Alloys
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2006618-1
ISSN	1545-1550 ; 1526-6028
ISSN (online)	1545-1550
ISSN	1526-6028
DOI	10.1177/15266028211059916
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Zs.A 4547: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Reply.

Salim, Safa / Martin, Guy / Bicknell, Colin

Journal of vascular surgery

2021 Volume 73, Issue 3, Page(s) 1115

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	605700-7
ISSN	1097-6809 ; 0741-5214
ISSN (online)	1097-6809
ISSN	0741-5214
DOI	10.1016/j.jvs.2020.10.032
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Zs.A 1933: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Robotic endovascular surgery: current and future practice.

Cruddas, Lucinda / Martin, Guy / Riga, Celia

Seminars in vascular surgery

2021 Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 233–240

Abstract: Minimally invasive techniques have been at the forefront of surgical progress, and the evolution of endovascular robotic technologies has seen a paradigm shift in the focus of future innovation. Endovascular robotic technology may help overcome many of ... ...

Abstract	Minimally invasive techniques have been at the forefront of surgical progress, and the evolution of endovascular robotic technologies has seen a paradigm shift in the focus of future innovation. Endovascular robotic technology may help overcome many of the challenges associated with traditional endovascular techniques by enabling greater control, stability, and precision of target navigation and treatment, while simultaneously reducing operator learning curves and improving safety. Several robotic systems have been developed to perform a broad range of endovascular procedures, but none have been used at scale or widely in routine practice, and the evidence for their safety, effectiveness, and efficiency remains limited. High cost and device complexity, lack of haptic feedback, and limited integration and interoperability with existing equipment and devices are the principal technology, cost, and sustainability barriers to the scalability and widespread adoption in day-to-day practice. In order to fully realize its potential, future robotic innovation must ensure compatibility with a range of off-the-shelf equipment that can be tracked and exchanged quickly during a procedure and come together with developments in navigation, tracking, and imaging. Reducing cost and complexity and supporting sustainability of the technology is key. In parallel, new technologies must be evaluated by clear and transparent standardized outcomes and be accompanied by robust clinical training. Key to the successful future development and dissemination of robotic technology is open collaboration among industry, clinicians, and patients in order to fully understand and address current challenges and enable the technology to realize its full potential.
MeSH term(s)	Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects ; Humans ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Robotics
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645131-7
ISSN	1558-4518 ; 0895-7967
ISSN (online)	1558-4518
ISSN	0895-7967
DOI	10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2021.10.002
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Zs.A 2503: Show issues

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Book ; Thesis: Nouveaux aménagements hydrauliques agricoles et situation d'arrière-pays

Martin, Guy

le cas de l'arrière-pays varois

1986

Author's details	Guy Martin
Size	7 Mikrofiches
Publishing country	France
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	Aix Marseille, Univ., Diss., 1986
Note	Umfang d. Ms.: 606 S.
HBZ-ID	HT004507389
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Shelf mark	Loan status	Location
AY/M-Fiche 473	order for loan	Geschlossenes Magazin (U2)

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Article ; Online: Patient Perceptions on Data Sharing and Applying Artificial Intelligence to Health Care Data: Cross-sectional Survey.

Aggarwal, Ravi / Farag, Soma / Martin, Guy / Ashrafian, Hutan / Darzi, Ara

Journal of medical Internet research

2021 Volume 23, Issue 8, Page(s) e26162

Abstract: Background: Considerable research is being conducted as to how artificial intelligence (AI) can be effectively applied to health care. However, for the successful implementation of AI, large amounts of health data are required for training and testing ... ...

Abstract	Background: Considerable research is being conducted as to how artificial intelligence (AI) can be effectively applied to health care. However, for the successful implementation of AI, large amounts of health data are required for training and testing algorithms. As such, there is a need to understand the perspectives and viewpoints of patients regarding the use of their health data in AI research. Objective: We surveyed a large sample of patients for identifying current awareness regarding health data research, and for obtaining their opinions and views on data sharing for AI research purposes, and on the use of AI technology on health care data. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with patients was conducted at a large multisite teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Data were collected on patient and public views about sharing health data for research and the use of AI on health data. Results: A total of 408 participants completed the survey. The respondents had generally low levels of prior knowledge about AI. Most were comfortable with sharing health data with the National Health Service (NHS) (318/408, 77.9%) or universities (268/408, 65.7%), but far fewer with commercial organizations such as technology companies (108/408, 26.4%). The majority endorsed AI research on health care data (357/408, 87.4%) and health care imaging (353/408, 86.4%) in a university setting, provided that concerns about privacy, reidentification of anonymized health care data, and consent processes were addressed. Conclusions: There were significant variations in the patient perceptions, levels of support, and understanding of health data research and AI. Greater public engagement levels and debates are necessary to ensure the acceptability of AI research and its successful integration into clinical practice in future.
MeSH term(s)	Artificial Intelligence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Perception ; State Medicine
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-26
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028830-X
ISSN	1438-8871 ; 1439-4456
ISSN (online)	1438-8871
ISSN	1439-4456
DOI	10.2196/26162
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Article ; Online: Outcomes of patients with aortic vascular graft and endograft infections initially contra-indicated for complete graft explantation.

Caradu, Caroline / Puges, Mathilde / Cazanave, Charles / Martin, Guy / Ducasse, Eric / Bérard, Xavier / Bicknell, Colin

Journal of vascular surgery

2022 Volume 76, Issue 5, Page(s) 1364–1373.e3

Abstract: Objective: Complete excision in patients with aortic vascular graft and endograft infections (VGEIs) is a significant undertaking, and many patients never undergo definitive treatment. Knowing their fate is important to be able to assess the risks of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Complete excision in patients with aortic vascular graft and endograft infections (VGEIs) is a significant undertaking, and many patients never undergo definitive treatment. Knowing their fate is important to be able to assess the risks of graft excision vs alternative strategies. This study analyzed their life expectancy and sepsis-free survival. Methods: VGEIs were diagnosed according to the Aortic Graft Infection (MAGIC) criteria, and patients turned down for graft removal from November 2006 to December 2020 were included. Primary endpoints were aortic-related and sepsis-free survival estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to compute the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as estimates of survival without sepsis. Results: Seventy-four patients were included, with a median age of 71 years (range, 63-79 years). The index aortic repair was either open (n = 33; 44.6%), endovascular (n = 19; 25.7%), or hybrid (n = 22; 29.7%). Causative organisms were identified in 56 patients (75.7%). At presentation, 26 patients (35.1%) required salvage surgery, open (n = 22; 29.7%) or endovascular (n = 8; 10.8%), and 17 radiological drainage (23.0%). During follow-up, eight required drainage and 11 (14.9%) graft removal (five complete). Infectious complications included pseudoaneurysms (n = 14; 18.9%), rupture (n = 9; 12.2%), gastro-intestinal bleeding (n = 13; 17.6%), septic embolisms (n = 4; 5.4%), and thrombosis (n = 12; 16.2%). In-hospital mortality was 20.3% (n = 15), freedom from aortic-related death and overall survival was 77.1% (95% CI, 65.2%-85.3%) and 70.4% (95% CI, 58.3%-79.7%) at 1 year, and 61.7% (95% CI, 46.1%-74.0%) and 43.1% (95% CI, 29.2%-56.3%) at 5 years. Sepsis recurrence occurred in 37 patients (50.0%). Seven (16.3%) developed acquired antimicrobial resistance. Malnutrition (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-7.6; P = .005), hemorrhagic shock at presentation (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.0-8.2; P = .048), aorto-enteric fistulae (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3-8.4; P = .011), fungal coinfection (HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2-11.5; P = .030), and infection with resistant micro-organisms (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1-8.3; P = .023) were significantly associated with worse survival without sepsis. Conclusions: In-hospital and aortic-related mortality were significant, but with salvage surgery and antibiotic therapy, the median survival was 3 years. Sepsis recurrence remained frequent, and further procedures were needed. These outcomes should be considered when graft excision is proposed. Known predictors of adverse outcomes should become important points for discussion in multidisciplinary team meetings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Retrospective Studies ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605700-7
ISSN	1097-6809 ; 0741-5214
ISSN (online)	1097-6809
ISSN	0741-5214
DOI	10.1016/j.jvs.2022.05.007
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