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  1. Article ; Online: Genetic Diversity in 19th Century Barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) Reflects Differing Agricultural Practices and Seed Trade in Jämtland, Sweden

    Martin N. A. Larsson / Matti W. Leino / Jenny Hagenblad

    Diversity, Vol 13, Iss 315, p

    2021  Volume 315

    Abstract: Landrace crops are important genetic resources, both for plant breeding efforts and for studying agrarian history. The distribution of genetic diversity among landraces can reflect effects of climate, economic structure, and trade also over a limited ... ...

    Abstract Landrace crops are important genetic resources, both for plant breeding efforts and for studying agrarian history. The distribution of genetic diversity among landraces can reflect effects of climate, economic structure, and trade also over a limited spatial and temporal scale. In this study, we have SNP genotyped historical barley seed samples from the late 19th century, together with extant barley landrace accessions from Jämtland, Sweden, a county centrally located, situated between Sweden and Norway. We found two main genetic clusters, one associated with the main agricultural district around lake Storsjön and one in the peripheral areas. Data was also compared with genotypes from landraces from across the Scandinavian peninsula. Accessions from the peripheral part of Jämtland show genetic similarity to accessions from a large part of central Scandinavia, while the accessions from the Storsjön district are more differentiated. We suggest that these dissimilarities in genetic diversity distribution are explained by differences in the relative importance of agriculture and trading. We further compared the historical material with ex situ preserved extant landraces from the same region and found that their genetic diversity was not always representative of the given provenience. The historical material, in contrast, proved particularly valuable for assessing how crop genetic diversity has historically been influenced by economic focus.
    Keywords landraces ; genetic diversity ; barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; population structure ; seed exchange networks ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Burns management in the military and humanitarian setting.

    Sandhu, Amritpal / Herron, J B T / Martin, N A

    BMJ military health

    2020  Volume 168, Issue 6, Page(s) 467–472

    Abstract: Burns are an unpredictable element of the modern battlespace and humanitarian operations. Most military burns are small and may not be a significant challenge for deployed healthcare assets but usually render the individual combat ineffective until ... ...

    Abstract Burns are an unpredictable element of the modern battlespace and humanitarian operations. Most military burns are small and may not be a significant challenge for deployed healthcare assets but usually render the individual combat ineffective until healed. However, larger burns represent a more significant challenge because of the demand for fluid resuscitation therapy, early surgical intervention and regular wound management that can rapidly deplete surgical capabilities. Beyond the initial injury, longer-term consequences, such as psychological morbidity and loss of functional independence, are rarely considered as part of an ongoing care plan. Globally, most of the morbidity and mortality associated with burns are seen in less economically developed countries and are frequently associated with conflicts and natural disasters, but with simple interventions and resources, outcomes in these environments can be markedly improved. Prehospital providers should be confident to manage the initial assessment of a burn, including triaging for evacuation and packaging for safe transfer. This article provides an overview for prehospital providers on the management of thermal burns in military and humanitarian settings, with additional considerations for the management of chemical and electrical injuries.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Military Personnel ; Burns/therapy ; Triage ; Delivery of Health Care ; Resuscitation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 3011686-7
    ISSN 2633-3775 ; 2633-3767
    ISSN (online) 2633-3775
    ISSN 2633-3767
    DOI 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001672
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  3. Article ; Online: A review of the evidence for threshold of burn injury.

    Martin, N A / Falder, S

    Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries

    2017  Volume 43, Issue 8, Page(s) 1624–1639

    Abstract: Introduction: Burn injury is common and depth is one measure of severity. Although the depth of burn injury is determined by many factors, the relationship between the temperature of the injurious agent and exposure duration, known as the time- ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Burn injury is common and depth is one measure of severity. Although the depth of burn injury is determined by many factors, the relationship between the temperature of the injurious agent and exposure duration, known as the time-temperature relationship, is widely accepted as one of the cornerstones of burn research. Moritz and Henriques first proposed this relationship in 1947 and their seminal work has been cited extensively. However, over the years, readers have misinterpreted their findings and incorporated misleading information about the time-temperature relationship into a wide range of industrial standards, burn prevention literature and medicolegal opinion.
    Aim: The purpose of this paper is to present a critical review of the evidence that relates temperature and time to cell death and the depth of burn injury. These concepts are used by researchers, burn prevention strategists, burn care teams and child protection professionals involved in ascertaining how the mechanism of burning relates to the injury pattern and whether the injury is consistent with the history.
    Review methods: This review explores the robustness of the currently available evidence. The paper summarises the research from burn damage experimental work as well as bioheat transfer models and discusses the merits and limitations of these approaches.
    Review findings: There is broad agreement between in vitro and in vivo studies for superficial burns. There is clear evidence that the perception of pain in adult human skin occurs just above 43°C. When the basal layer of the epidermis reaches 44°C, burn injury occurs. For superficial dermal burns, the rate of tissue damage increases logarithmically with a linear increase in temperature. Beyond 70°C, rate of damage is so rapid that interpretation can be difficult. Depth of injury is also influenced by skin thickness, blood flow and cooling after injury. There is less clinical evidence for a time-temperature relationship for deep or subdermal burns. Bioheat transfer models are useful in research and becoming increasingly sophisticated but currently have limited practical use. Time-temperature relationships have not been established for burns in children's skin, although standards for domestic hot water suggest that the maximum temperature should be revised downward by 3-4°C to provide adequate burn protection for children.
    Conclusion: Time-temperature relationships established for pain and superficial dermal burns in adult human skin have an extensive experimental modeling basis and reasonable clinical validation. However, time-temperature relationships for subdermal burns, full thickness burns and burn injury in children have limited clinical validation, being extrapolated from other data, and should be used with caution, particularly if presented during expert evidence.
    MeSH term(s) Burns/physiopathology ; Hot Temperature/adverse effects ; Humans ; Pain/physiopathology ; Pain Threshold/physiology ; Skin/injuries ; Skin Physiological Phenomena ; Skin Temperature/physiology ; Time Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 197308-3
    ISSN 1879-1409 ; 0305-4179
    ISSN (online) 1879-1409
    ISSN 0305-4179
    DOI 10.1016/j.burns.2017.04.003
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  4. Article: Genetic Diversity in 19th Century Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Reflects Differing Agricultural Practices and Seed Trade in Jämtland, Sweden

    Larsson, Martin N. A. / Leino, Matti W. / Hagenblad, Jenny

    Diversity. 2021 July 09, v. 13, no. 7

    2021  

    Abstract: Landrace crops are important genetic resources, both for plant breeding efforts and for studying agrarian history. The distribution of genetic diversity among landraces can reflect effects of climate, economic structure, and trade also over a limited ... ...

    Abstract Landrace crops are important genetic resources, both for plant breeding efforts and for studying agrarian history. The distribution of genetic diversity among landraces can reflect effects of climate, economic structure, and trade also over a limited spatial and temporal scale. In this study, we have SNP genotyped historical barley seed samples from the late 19th century, together with extant barley landrace accessions from Jämtland, Sweden, a county centrally located, situated between Sweden and Norway. We found two main genetic clusters, one associated with the main agricultural district around lake Storsjön and one in the peripheral areas. Data was also compared with genotypes from landraces from across the Scandinavian peninsula. Accessions from the peripheral part of Jämtland show genetic similarity to accessions from a large part of central Scandinavia, while the accessions from the Storsjön district are more differentiated. We suggest that these dissimilarities in genetic diversity distribution are explained by differences in the relative importance of agriculture and trading. We further compared the historical material with ex situ preserved extant landraces from the same region and found that their genetic diversity was not always representative of the given provenience. The historical material, in contrast, proved particularly valuable for assessing how crop genetic diversity has historically been influenced by economic focus.
    Keywords Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; climate ; economic structure ; genetic similarity ; genetic variation ; genotyping ; lakes ; landraces ; provenance ; temporal variation ; trade ; Norway ; Scandinavia ; Sweden
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0709
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2518137-3
    ISSN 1424-2818
    ISSN 1424-2818
    DOI 10.3390/d13070315
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Contraversies in carotid endarterectomy.

    Martin, N A

    The Western journal of medicine

    2008  Volume 149, Issue 3, Page(s) 326

    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-08-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189235-6
    ISSN 1476-2978 ; 0093-0415 ; 0008-1264
    ISSN (online) 1476-2978
    ISSN 0093-0415 ; 0008-1264
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  6. Article: Decision-making for intracranial aneurysm treatment: when to select surgery, and when to select endovascular therapy.

    Martin, N A

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2007  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 253–257

    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1052-3057
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/s1052-3057(97)80024-9
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  7. Article: Surgical treatment of spinal arteriovenous malformations.

    Martin, N A

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2007  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 287–291

    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1052-3057
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/s1052-3057(97)80032-8
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  8. Article: The use of extracranial-intracranial bypass for the treatment of giant and fusiform aneurysms.

    Martin, N A

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2007  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 242–245

    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1052-3057
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/s1052-3057(97)80021-3
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  9. Article: Treatment of arteriovenous malformations: indications, grading, and techniques.

    Martin, N A

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2007  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 272–276

    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1052-3057
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/s1052-3057(97)80029-8
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  10. Article: Sir Alfred Keogh and Sir Harold Gillies: their contribution to reconstructive surgery.

    Martin, N A

    Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

    2007  Volume 152, Issue 3, Page(s) 136–138

    MeSH term(s) History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Military Personnel/history ; Surgery, Plastic/history ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-02-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 840678-9
    ISSN 2052-0468 ; 0035-8665
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    ISSN 0035-8665
    DOI 10.1136/jramc-152-03-04
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