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Article: Paternal developmental thyrotoxicosis disrupts neonatal leptin leading to increased adiposity and altered physiology of the melanocortin system.

Martinez, Maria Elena / Wu, Zhaofei / Hernandez, Arturo

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1210414

Abstract: Background: The genetic code does not fully explain individual variability and inheritance of susceptibility to endocrine conditions, suggesting the contribution of epigenetic factors acting across generations.: Methods: We used a mouse model of ... ...

Abstract	Background: The genetic code does not fully explain individual variability and inheritance of susceptibility to endocrine conditions, suggesting the contribution of epigenetic factors acting across generations. Methods: We used a mouse model of developmental thyrotoxicosis ( Results: Compared to controls, adult females with an exposed father (EF females) exhibited higher body weight and fat mass, but not lean mass, a phenotype that was much milder in EF males. After fasting, both EF females and males exhibited a more pronounced decrease in body weight than controls. EF females also showed markedly elevated serum leptin, increased white adipose tissue mRNA expression of leptin and mesoderm-specific transcript but decreased expression of type 2 deiodinase. EF females exhibited decreased serum ghrelin, which showed more pronounced post-fasting changes in EF females than in control females. EF female hypothalami also revealed significant decreases in the expression of pro-opiomelanocortin, agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Discussion: A paternal excess of thyroid hormone during development modifies the endocrine programming and energy balance in the offspring in a sexually dimorphic manner, with baseline and dynamic range alterations in the leptin-melanocortin system and thyroid gland, and consequences for adiposity phenotypes. We conclude that thyroid hormone overexposure may have important implications for the non-genetic, inherited etiology of endocrine and metabolic pathologies.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Mice ; Animals ; Humans ; Leptin ; Adiposity ; Melanocortins/metabolism ; Obesity ; Thyrotoxicosis/genetics ; Thyroid Hormones ; Body Weight ; Fathers
Chemical Substances	Leptin ; Melanocortins ; Thyroid Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2023.1210414
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Article: The Type 3 Deiodinase Is a Critical Modulator of Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity in the Fetal Brain.

Martinez, Maria Elena / Hernandez, Arturo

Frontiers in neuroscience

2021 Volume 15, Page(s) 703730

Abstract: Thyroid hormones (TH) are critical for the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Although their effects on the rodent brain peak within 2-3 weeks postnatally, the fetal brain has been found largely insensitive to exogenously ... ...

Abstract	Thyroid hormones (TH) are critical for the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Although their effects on the rodent brain peak within 2-3 weeks postnatally, the fetal brain has been found largely insensitive to exogenously administrated TH. To address this issue, here we examined gene expression in brains from mouse fetuses deficient in the type 3 deiodinase (DIO3), the selenoenzyme responsible for clearing TH. At embryonic day E18.5 qPCR determinations indicated a marked increase in the mRNA expression of T3-responsive genes
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-4548
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-4548
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2021.703730
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Article ; Online: Red Blood Cell Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mortality Following Breast Cancer.

Parada, Humberto / Wu, Tianying / Hoh, Eunha / Rock, Cheryl L / Martinez, Maria Elena

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2024

Abstract: Background: Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may impact mortality following breast cancer (BC); however, epidemiological studies have relied on self-reported assessment of PUFA intake. Herein, we examined the associations between red blood ... ...

Abstract	Background: Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may impact mortality following breast cancer (BC); however, epidemiological studies have relied on self-reported assessment of PUFA intake. Herein, we examined the associations between red blood cell (RBC) PUFAs and mortality. Methods: This nested case-control study included 1,104 women from, the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study, a multi-site randomized controlled trial. Cases (n=290) were women who died from 1995-2006. Matched controls (n=814) were women who were alive at the end of follow-up. PUFAs were measured in baseline RBC samples and included four ω-3 and seven ω-6 PUFAs. We examined each PUFA individually and Principal Components Factor Analysis (PCFA)-derived scores in association with all-cause mortality (ACM) and BC-specific mortality (BCM) using conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In fully-adjusted models, ACM ORs were elevated among women with PUFAs >median (versus ≤median) for α-linolenic acid (ALA, OR=1.63, 95%CI=1.18-2.24) and for linolenic acid (LA, OR=1.56, 95%CI=1.16-2.09), and BCM ORs were elevated for ALA (OR=1.83, 95%CI=1.27-2.63), LA (OR=1.70, 95%CI=1.23-2.37), and γ-linolenic acid (GLA, OR=1.50; 95%CI=1.04-2.16). PCFA-Factor 1 [arachidonic acid/adrenic acid/docosapentaenoic acid] scores >median (versus ≤median) were associated with lower odds of ACM (OR=0.71; 95%CI=0.52-0.97) and BCM (OR=0.69; 95%CI=0.49-0.97), and PCFA-Factor 4 [ALA/GLA] scores >median (versus ≤median) were associated with increased odds of BCM (OR=1.47; 95%CI=1.04-2.09). Conclusions: RBC ALA, LA, and GLA may be prognostic indicators among BC survivors. Impact: These results are important for understanding the associations between a biomarker of PUFA intake and mortality among BC survivors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0074
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Article ; Online: Principales enfermedades del maíz (Zea mays, L.) en Ecuador

Estrada Martínez, María Elena

Universidad y Sociedad, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 53-

2021 Volume 59

Abstract: En Ecuador, el maíz (Zea mays, L.) es un alimento básico de gran importancia económica y social. Esta gramínea es atacada por diferentes patógenos que afectan el rendimiento agrícola e industrial del cultivo. En el presente trabajo se presentan los ... ...

Abstract	En Ecuador, el maíz (Zea mays, L.) es un alimento básico de gran importancia económica y social. Esta gramínea es atacada por diferentes patógenos que afectan el rendimiento agrícola e industrial del cultivo. En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigación documental fundamentada en la búsqueda de información sobre aspectos de interés científicos y académicos como los organismos causales, sintomatología, dispersión y manejo de las principales enfermedades del maíz.
Keywords	maíz ; patógenos ; enfermedades ; Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidad de Cienfuegos
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Thyroid hormone action in the developing testis: intergenerational epigenetics.

Hernandez, Arturo / Martinez, Maria Elena

The Journal of endocrinology

2020 Volume 244, Issue 3, Page(s) R33–R46

Abstract: Male fertility involves the successful transmission of the genetic code to the next generation. It requires appropriately timed cellular processes during testis development, adequate support of spermatogenesis by hormonal cues from the reproductive axis ... ...

Abstract	Male fertility involves the successful transmission of the genetic code to the next generation. It requires appropriately timed cellular processes during testis development, adequate support of spermatogenesis by hormonal cues from the reproductive axis and cellular cross-talk between germ and somatic cells. In addition to being the vessel of the father’s genome, increasing evidence shows that the mature sperm carries valuable epigenetic information – the epigenome – that, after fecundation, influences the development of the next generation, affecting biological traits and disease susceptibility. The epigenome of the germ line is susceptible to environmental factors, including exogenous chemicals and diet, but it is also affected by endogenous molecules and pathophysiological conditions. Factors affecting testis development and the epigenetic information of the germ line are critical for fertility and of relevance to the non-genetic but heritable component in the etiology of complex conditions. Thyroid hormones are one of those factors and their action, when untimely, produces profound effects on the developing testis, affecting spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, testis size, reproductive hormones and fertility. Altered thyroid hormone states can also change the epigenetic information of the male germ line, with phenotypic consequences for future generations. In the context of past literature concerning the consequences of altered thyroid hormone action for testis development, here we review recent findings about the pathophysiological roles of the principal determinants of testicular thyroid hormone action. We also discuss limited work on the effects of thyroid hormone on the male germ line epigenome and the implications for the intergenerational transmission of phenotypes via epigenetic mechanisms.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa/cytology ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Testis/growth & development ; Testis/metabolism ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Thyroid Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	3028-4
ISSN	1479-6805 ; 0022-0795
ISSN (online)	1479-6805
ISSN	0022-0795
DOI	10.1530/JOE-19-0550
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Article ; Online: Time to Endoscopy or Colonoscopy Among Adults Younger Than 50 Years With Iron-Deficiency Anemia and/or Hematochezia in the VHA.

Demb, Joshua / Liu, Lin / Murphy, Caitlin C / Doubeni, Chyke A / Martinez, Maria Elena / Gupta, Samir

JAMA network open

2023 Volume 6, Issue 11, Page(s) e2341516

Abstract: Importance: To date, the diagnostic test completion rate and the time to diagnostic endoscopy or colonoscopy among adults with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and/or hematochezia have not been well characterized.: Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic ... ...

Abstract	Importance: To date, the diagnostic test completion rate and the time to diagnostic endoscopy or colonoscopy among adults with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and/or hematochezia have not been well characterized. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic test completion rate and the time to diagnostic testing among veterans younger than 50 years with IDA and/or hematochezia. Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study was conducted within the Veterans Health Administration between October 1, 1999, and December 31, 2019, among US veterans aged 18 to 49 years from 2 separate cohorts: those with a diagnosis of IDA (n = 59 169) and those with a diagnosis of hematochezia (n = 189 185). Statistical analysis was conducted from August 2021 to August 2023. Exposures: Diagnostic testing factors included age, sex, race and ethnicity, Veterans Health Administration geographic region, and hemoglobin test value (IDA cohort only). Main outcomes and measures: Primary outcomes of diagnostic testing were (1) bidirectional endoscopy after diagnosis of IDA and (2) colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy after diagnosis of hematochezia. The association between diagnostic testing factors and diagnostic test completion was examined using Poisson models. Results: There were 59 169 veterans with a diagnosis of IDA (mean [SD] age, 40.7 [7.1] years; 30 502 men [51.6%]), 189 185 veterans with a diagnosis of hematochezia (mean [SD] age, 39.4 [7.6] years; 163 690 men [86.5%]), and 2287 veterans with IDA and hematochezia (mean [SD] age, 41.6 [6.9] years; 1856 men [81.2%]). The cumulative 2-year diagnostic workup completion rate was 22% (95% CI, 22%-22%) among veterans with IDA and 40% (95% CI, 40%-40%) among veterans with hematochezia. Veterans with IDA were mostly aged 40 to 49 years (37 719 [63.7%]) and disproportionately Black (24 480 [41.4%]). Women with IDA (rate ratio [RR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.40-0.43) had a lower likelihood of diagnostic test completion compared with men with IDA. Black (RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.62-0.68) and Hispanic (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.94) veterans with IDA were less likely to receive diagnostic testing compared with White veterans with IDA. Veterans with hematochezia were mostly White (105 341 [55.7%]). Among veterans with hematochezia, those aged 30 to 49 years were more likely to receive diagnostic testing than adults younger than 30 years of age (age 30-39 years: RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.12-1.18; age 40-49 years: RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.33-1.40). Hispanic veterans with hematochezia were less likely to receive diagnostic testing compared with White veterans with hematochezia (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98). Conclusions and relevance: In the cohorts of veterans younger than 50 years with IDA and/or hematochezia, the diagnostic test completion rate was low. Follow-up was less likely among female, Black, and Hispanic veterans with IDA and Hispanic veterans with hematochezia. Optimizing timely follow-up across social and demographic groups may contribute to improving colorectal cancer outcomes and mitigate disparities.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Adult ; Humans ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Colonoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.41516
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Article ; Online: Using the Cancer Moonshot to Conquer Cancer Disparities: A Model for Action.

Martínez, María Elena / Paskett, Electra D

JAMA oncology

2018 Volume 4, Issue 5, Page(s) 624–625

MeSH term(s)	Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Medical Oncology/methods ; Medical Oncology/organization & administration ; Medical Oncology/statistics & numerical data ; Models, Theoretical ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Public Health Surveillance
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ISSN	2374-2445
ISSN (online)	2374-2445
DOI	10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.5694
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Article ; Online: The dual pandemic of COVID-19 and systemic inequities in US Latino communities.

Martínez, María Elena / Nodora, Jesse N / Carvajal-Carmona, Luis G

Cancer

2021 Volume 127, Issue 10, Page(s) 1548–1550

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/ethnology ; COVID-19/virology ; Health Status Disparities ; Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Psychological Distance ; Public Health/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Social Class ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1429-1
ISSN	1097-0142 ; 0008-543X ; 1934-662X
ISSN (online)	1097-0142
ISSN	0008-543X ; 1934-662X
DOI	10.1002/cncr.33401
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Article: Thyroid hormone elicits intergenerational epigenetic effects on adult social behavior and fetal brain expression of autism susceptibility genes.

Martinez, Maria Elena / Stohn, Julia Patrizia / Mutina, Elizabeth M / Whitten, Rayne J / Hernandez, Arturo

Frontiers in neuroscience

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 1055116

Abstract: Genetic mutations identified in genome-wide association studies can only explain a small percentage of the cases of complex, highly heritable human conditions, including neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. This suggests that intergenerational ... ...

Abstract	Genetic mutations identified in genome-wide association studies can only explain a small percentage of the cases of complex, highly heritable human conditions, including neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. This suggests that intergenerational epigenetic effects, possibly triggered by environmental circumstances, may contribute to their etiology. We previously described altered DNA methylation signatures in the sperm of mice that experienced developmental overexposure to thyroid hormones as a result of a genetic defect in hormone clearance (DIO3 deficiency). Here we studied fetal brain gene expression and adult social behavior in genetically normal F2 generation descendants of overexposed mice. The brain of F2 generation E13.5 fetuses exhibited abnormal expression of genes associated with autism in humans, including
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-4548
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-4548
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2022.1055116
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Article ; Online: Equitable COVID-19 Vaccination for Hispanics in the United States: A Success Story from California Border Communities.

Martinez, Maria Elena / Nodora, Jesse N / McDaniels-Davidson, Corinne / Crespo, Noe C / Edward, Amir Adolphe

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1

Abstract: The ongoing 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impact the health of individuals worldwide, including causing pauses in lifesaving cancer screening and prevention measures. From time to time, elective medical procedures, such ... ...

Abstract	The ongoing 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impact the health of individuals worldwide, including causing pauses in lifesaving cancer screening and prevention measures. From time to time, elective medical procedures, such as those used for cancer screening and early detection, were deferred due to concerns regarding the spread of the infection. The short- and long-term consequences of these temporary measures are concerning, particularly for medically underserved populations, who already experience inequities and disparities related to timely cancer care. Clearly, the way out of this pandemic is by increasing COVID-19 vaccination rates and doing so in an equitable manner so that communities most affected receive preferential access and administration. In this article, we provide a perspective on vaccine equity by featuring the experience of the California Hispanic community, who has been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. We first compared vaccination rates in two United States-Mexico border counties in California (San Diego County and Imperial County) to counties elsewhere in California with a similar Hispanic population size. We show that the border counties have substantially lower unvaccinated proportions of Hispanics compared to other counties. We next looked at county vaccination rates according to the California Healthy Places Index, a health equity metric and found that San Diego and Imperial counties achieved more equitable access and distribution than the rest of the state. Finally, we detail strategies implemented to achieve high and equitable vaccination in this border region, including Imperial County, an agricultural region that was California's epicenter of the COVID-19 crisis at the height of the pandemic. These United States-Mexico border county data show that equitable vaccine access and delivery is possible. Multiple strategies can be used to guide the delivery and access to other public health and cancer preventive services.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; California/epidemiology ; Hispanic or Latino ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19010535
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