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Article: Sex specificity of dispersal behaviour and flight morphology varies among tree hollow beetle species

Martínez-Pérez, Sandra / Galante, Eduardo / Micó, Estefanía

Movement ecology. 2022 Dec., v. 10, no. 1

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Flight performance and dispersal behaviour can differ between sexes, resulting in sex-biased dispersal. The primary sex ratio of populations may also explain dispersal bias between sexes, as this bias may evolve with the primary sex ratio to ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Flight performance and dispersal behaviour can differ between sexes, resulting in sex-biased dispersal. The primary sex ratio of populations may also explain dispersal bias between sexes, as this bias may evolve with the primary sex ratio to reduce intrasexual competition. Although dispersal bias between sexes is relevant to population dynamics, there are few studies on sex-biased dispersal in insects. We studied the flight performance and dispersal behaviour of seven saproxylic beetle species associated with tree hollows from a sex perspective. We also analysed the possible coevolution of flight performance with the primary sex ratio. METHODS: Wing loading and wing aspect ratio were used as measures of the flight performance of species and sexes. Dispersal behaviour was explored by analysing the frequency of each sex in interception traps versus the primary sex ratio obtained by tree hollow emergence traps using contingency tables and posthoc standardized residuals. A more active flight behaviour was expected for the sex with higher capture frequency in the interception traps. To explore the causes of flight performance bias between sexes, we searched for possible correlations between wing loading or wing aspect ratio and primary sex ratio using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Wing loading and wing aspect ratio differed between species and sexes, with flight performance being higher in males than in females for four of the seven species analysed. Dispersal behaviour and flight performance matched in the case of Elater ferrugineus; males showed higher flight performance and were the most collected sex in the interception traps (more active flyers). In contrast, the higher flight activity of Cetonia carthami aurataeformis females was not correlated with a higher flight performance than that of males. Moreover, we found that a bias in the primary sex ratio towards females is often correlated with a decrease in female flight performance. CONCLUSIONS: We stress that flight performance and dispersal behaviour of sexes do not always go hand in hand. Moreover, the relationship between the sex ratio and flight performance bias between sexes is not driven by competition within the most abundant sex. The inclusion of a sex perspective in insect dispersal studies would be useful to detect dispersal bias between sexes and its causes and would allow for further analysis of its effects on population dynamics.
Keywords	Coleoptera ; coevolution ; dispersal behavior ; females ; flight ; insects ; population dynamics ; sex ratio ; tree cavities ; trees
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 41.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2724975-X
ISSN	2051-3933
ISSN	2051-3933
DOI	10.1186/s40462-022-00340-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Sex specificity of dispersal behaviour and flight morphology varies among tree hollow beetle species.

Martínez-Pérez, Sandra / Galante, Eduardo / Micó, Estefanía

Movement ecology

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 41

Abstract: Background: Flight performance and dispersal behaviour can differ between sexes, resulting in sex-biased dispersal. The primary sex ratio of populations may also explain dispersal bias between sexes, as this bias may evolve with the primary sex ratio to ...

Abstract	Background: Flight performance and dispersal behaviour can differ between sexes, resulting in sex-biased dispersal. The primary sex ratio of populations may also explain dispersal bias between sexes, as this bias may evolve with the primary sex ratio to reduce intrasexual competition. Although dispersal bias between sexes is relevant to population dynamics, there are few studies on sex-biased dispersal in insects. We studied the flight performance and dispersal behaviour of seven saproxylic beetle species associated with tree hollows from a sex perspective. We also analysed the possible coevolution of flight performance with the primary sex ratio. Methods: Wing loading and wing aspect ratio were used as measures of the flight performance of species and sexes. Dispersal behaviour was explored by analysing the frequency of each sex in interception traps versus the primary sex ratio obtained by tree hollow emergence traps using contingency tables and posthoc standardized residuals. A more active flight behaviour was expected for the sex with higher capture frequency in the interception traps. To explore the causes of flight performance bias between sexes, we searched for possible correlations between wing loading or wing aspect ratio and primary sex ratio using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Wing loading and wing aspect ratio differed between species and sexes, with flight performance being higher in males than in females for four of the seven species analysed. Dispersal behaviour and flight performance matched in the case of Elater ferrugineus; males showed higher flight performance and were the most collected sex in the interception traps (more active flyers). In contrast, the higher flight activity of Cetonia carthami aurataeformis females was not correlated with a higher flight performance than that of males. Moreover, we found that a bias in the primary sex ratio towards females is often correlated with a decrease in female flight performance. Conclusions: We stress that flight performance and dispersal behaviour of sexes do not always go hand in hand. Moreover, the relationship between the sex ratio and flight performance bias between sexes is not driven by competition within the most abundant sex. The inclusion of a sex perspective in insect dispersal studies would be useful to detect dispersal bias between sexes and its causes and would allow for further analysis of its effects on population dynamics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2724975-X
ISSN	2051-3933
ISSN	2051-3933
DOI	10.1186/s40462-022-00340-7
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Article: The impact of national culture in the development of complexity reasoning skills: An international comparison.

Rodríguez-Abitia, Guillermo / Ramírez-Montoya, María Soledad / Martínez-Pérez, Sandra / López-Caudana, Edgar Omar

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 10, Page(s) e20894

Abstract: There is a clear inequality in gender distribution for the STEM areas (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). Furthermore, there is a noticeable lack of diversity and a socio-economic gap that requires actionable solutions. To explore ... ...

Abstract	There is a clear inequality in gender distribution for the STEM areas (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). Furthermore, there is a noticeable lack of diversity and a socio-economic gap that requires actionable solutions. To explore potential factors that affect the participation of women in STEM, this paper reviews two possible groups of determinants: national culture and complexity thinking. A survey with 684 respondents from higher education institutions in Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Spain was undertaken. The instrument measured four components of complexity thinking namely critical, scientific, innovative, and systemic). Using analysis of variance between two groups and between multiple groups, differences were observed between the countries' samples and between genders. Once the significance was confirmed, boxplots for each dimension were elaborated to facilitate the visualization of the distributions. The scores were compared with the national culture values to seek possible behavioral patterns in the data. The results reveal two groups between the observed countries. Also, there are clear indications of a relationship between the national culture dimensions and the complex thinking components.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20894
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Article ; Online: Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass duration on efficacy of fibrinogen replacement with cryoprecipitate compared with fibrinogen concentrate: a post hoc analysis of the Fibrinogen Replenishment in Surgery (FIBRES) randomised controlled trial.

Bartoszko, Justyna / Martinez-Perez, Selene / Callum, Jeannie / Karkouti, Keyvan

British journal of anaesthesia

2022 Volume 129, Issue 3, Page(s) 294–307

Abstract: Background: Coagulopathy in cardiac surgery is frequently associated with acquired hypofibrinogenaemia, which can be treated with either purified fibrinogen concentrate (FC) or cryoprecipitate. Because the latter is not purified and therefore contains ... ...

Abstract	Background: Coagulopathy in cardiac surgery is frequently associated with acquired hypofibrinogenaemia, which can be treated with either purified fibrinogen concentrate (FC) or cryoprecipitate. Because the latter is not purified and therefore contains additional coagulation factors, it is thought to be more effective for treatment of coagulopathy that occurs after prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We examined the impact of CPB duration on the efficacy of the two therapies in cardiac surgery. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of the Fibrinogen Replenishment in Surgery (FIBRES) RCT comparing FC (4 g) to cryoprecipitate (10 U) in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery and experiencing bleeding with acquired hypofibrinogenaemia (n=735). The primary outcome was allogeneic blood products transfused within 24 h after CPB. Subjects were stratified by CPB duration (≤120, 121-180, and >180 min). The interaction of treatment assignment with CPB duration was tested. Results: Subjects with longer CPB duration experienced more bleeding and transfusion. With CPB time ≤120 min (FC, n=134; cryoprecipitate, n=146), the ratio of least-squares means between the FC and cryoprecipitate groups for total allogeneic blood products at 24 h was 0.90 (one-sided 97.5% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00-1.12); P=0.004. For subjects with CPB time 121-180 min, it was 1.00 ([one-sided 97.5% CI: 0.00-1.22]; P=0.03], and for CPB time >180 min it was 0.91 ([one-sided 97.5% CI: 0.00-1.12]; P=0.005). Results were similar for all secondary outcomes, with no interaction between treatment and CPB duration for all outcomes. Conclusions: The haemostatic efficacy of FC was non-inferior to cryoprecipitate irrespective of CPB duration in cardiac surgery. Clinical trial registration: NCT03037424.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Afibrinogenemia/drug therapy ; Afibrinogenemia/etiology ; Blood Coagulation Disorders/complications ; Blood Transfusion ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass/methods ; Fibrinogen/analysis ; Fibrinogen/therapeutic use ; Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Hemostatics/therapeutic use ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Hemostatics ; Fibrinogen (9001-32-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	80074-0
ISSN	1471-6771 ; 0007-0912
ISSN (online)	1471-6771
ISSN	0007-0912
DOI	10.1016/j.bja.2022.05.012
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Article ; Online: Prostatitis: A Review.

Yebes, A / Toribio-Vazquez, C / Martinez-Perez, S / Quesada-Olarte, J M / Rodriguez-Serrano, A / Álvarez-Maestro, M / Martinez-Piñeiro, L

Current urology reports

2023 Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 241–251

Abstract: Purpose of review: Pathologies of the prostate in men are one of the most prevalent clinical conditions today [1]. Specifically, pelvic inflammatory disease such as prostatitis can cause symptoms and syndromes different from urological ones, such as ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Pathologies of the prostate in men are one of the most prevalent clinical conditions today [1]. Specifically, pelvic inflammatory disease such as prostatitis can cause symptoms and syndromes different from urological ones, such as bowel or nervous system manifestations. This has a largely negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is convenient to know and update the information about the therapeutic approach to prostatitis, which is a challenge that involves different medical specialties. The aim of this article is to provide summarized and focused evidence to help in the therapeutic approach of patients with prostatitis. A computer-based search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases was used to perform a comprehensive literature review on prostatitis, with special interest in recent findings and latest therapeutic guideline recommendations. Recent findings: Recent discoveries about the epidemiology and clinical classifications of prostatitis seem to incur in an increasingly individualized and directed management, with the aim of covering all the confluent factors in prostatic inflammatory pathology. In addition, the role of new drugs and combination with phytotherapy open up a range of new treatment possibilities, although future randomized studies will be necessary to better understand how to use all treatment modalities. Despite all the knowledge acquired about the pathophysiology of prostate diseases, and due to their interrelation with other pelvic systems and organs, there are still gaps that make it difficult for us to provide an optimal and standardized treatment in many of our patients. Being aware of the influence of all the factors potentially involved in prostate symptoms is crucial for a correct diagnosis and establishing an effective treatment plan.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Chronic Disease ; Prostatitis/diagnosis ; Quality of Life ; Pelvic Pain/therapy ; Phytotherapy/adverse effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2057354-6
ISSN	1534-6285 ; 1527-2737
ISSN (online)	1534-6285
ISSN	1527-2737
DOI	10.1007/s11934-023-01150-z
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Article ; Online: Effects of Polyester Fibers and Car Tire Particles on Freshwater Invertebrates.

Schell, Theresa / Martinez-Perez, Sara / Dafouz, Raquel / Hurley, Rachel / Vighi, Marco / Rico, Andreu

Environmental toxicology and chemistry

2022 Volume 41, Issue 6, Page(s) 1555–1567

Abstract: Microplastic ingestion has been shown for various organisms, but knowledge of the potential adverse effects on freshwater invertebrates remains limited. We assessed the ingestion capacity and the associated effects of polyester fibers (26-5761 µm) and ... ...

Abstract	Microplastic ingestion has been shown for various organisms, but knowledge of the potential adverse effects on freshwater invertebrates remains limited. We assessed the ingestion capacity and the associated effects of polyester fibers (26-5761 µm) and car tire particles (25-75 µm) on freshwater invertebrates under acute and chronic exposure conditions. A range of microplastic concentrations was tested on Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, Asellus aquaticus, and Lumbriculus variegatus using water only (up to 0.15 g/L) or spiked sediment (up to 2 g/kg dry wt), depending on the habitat of the species. Daphnia magna did not ingest any fibers, but low levels of fibers were ingested by all tested benthic invertebrate species. Car tire particle ingestion rose with increasing exposure concentration for all tested invertebrates and was highest in D. magna and L. variegatus. In most cases, no statistically significant effects on mobility, survival, or reproductive output were observed after acute and chronic exposure at the tested concentrations. However, fibers affected the reproduction and survival of D. magna (no-observed-effect concentration [NOEC]: 0.15 mg/L) due to entanglement and limited mobility under chronic conditions. Car tire particles affected the reproduction (NOEC: 1.5 mg/L) and survival (NOEC: 0.15 mg/L) of D. magna after chronic exposure at concentrations in the same order of magnitude as modeled river water concentrations, suggesting that refined exposure and effect studies should be performed with these microplastics. Our results confirm that microplastic ingestion by freshwater invertebrates depends on particle shape and size and that ingestion quantity depends on the exposure pathway and the feeding strategy of the test organism. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1555-1567. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Automobiles ; Daphnia ; Fresh Water ; Invertebrates ; Microplastics ; Oligochaeta ; Plastics ; Polyesters/toxicity ; Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Plastics ; Polyesters ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	46234-2
ISSN	1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
ISSN	0730-7268
DOI	10.1002/etc.5337
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Article ; Online: Postoperative troponin surveillance to detect myocardial infarction: an observational cohort modelling study.

Martinez-Perez, Selene / van Waes, Judith A R / Vernooij, Lisette M / Cuthbertson, Brian H / Beattie, W Scott / Wijeysundera, Duminda N / van Klei, Wilton A

British journal of anaesthesia

2024 Volume 132, Issue 4, Page(s) 667–674

Abstract: Background: Clinical presentation of postoperative myocardial infarction (POMI) is often silent. Several international guidelines recommend routine troponin surveillance in patients at risk. We compared how these different guidelines select patients for ...

Abstract	Background: Clinical presentation of postoperative myocardial infarction (POMI) is often silent. Several international guidelines recommend routine troponin surveillance in patients at risk. We compared how these different guidelines select patients for surveillance after noncardiac surgery with our established risk stratification model. Methods: We used outcome data from two prospective studies: Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) and Troponin Elevation After Major non-cardiac Surgery (TEAMS). We compared the major American, Canadian, and European guideline recommendations for troponin surveillance with our established risk stratification model. For each guideline and model, we quantified the number of patients requiring monitoring, % POMI detected, sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and number needed to screen (NNS). Results: METS and TEAMS contributed 2350 patients, of whom 319 (14%) had myocardial injury, 61 (2.5%) developed POMI, and 14 (0.6%) died. Our risk stratification model selected fewer patients for troponin monitoring (20%), compared with the Canadian (78%) and European (79%) guidelines. The sensitivity to detect POMI was highest with the Canadian and European guidelines (0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-0.92). Specificity was highest using the American guidelines (0.91; 95% CI 0.90-0.92). Our risk stratification model had the best diagnostic odds ratio (2.5; 95% CI 1.4-4.2) and a lower NNS (21 vs 35) compared with the guidelines. Conclusions: Most postoperative myocardial infarctions were detected by the Canadian and European guidelines but at the cost of low specificity and a higher number of patients undergoing screening. Patient selection based on our risk stratification model was optimal.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Troponin ; Prospective Studies ; Canada/epidemiology ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis ; Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Troponin ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80074-0
ISSN	1471-6771 ; 0007-0912
ISSN (online)	1471-6771
ISSN	0007-0912
DOI	10.1016/j.bja.2023.12.019
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Article ; Online: Saproxylic Cetoniidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): A 'Females' World' or a Question of Dependence on Deadwood?

Martínez-Pérez, Sandra / Sanchez-Rojas, Gerardo / Galante, Eduardo / Micó, Estefanía

Environmental entomology

2020 Volume 49, Issue 2, Page(s) 288–295

Abstract: We explored the dependence of some Cetoniidae species on saproxylic environments and microhabitats in a Mediterranean oak forest by analyzing species collected using different kinds of traps-log emergence, hollow emergence, and interception traps-and the ...

Abstract	We explored the dependence of some Cetoniidae species on saproxylic environments and microhabitats in a Mediterranean oak forest by analyzing species collected using different kinds of traps-log emergence, hollow emergence, and interception traps-and the sex ratio of the species in each trap. Comparing the sex ratio of the species collected via emergence versus interception was useful to unravel the degree of dependence on saproxylic microhabitats. Among the species studied, Cetonia aurataeformis Curti, 1913 (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) was the only obligate tree hollow inhabitant. Special attention should thus be paid to the maintenance of tree hollows for the species' conservation in Mediterranean forests. A gradient of dependence on tree hollows was established from the more dependent Protaetia (Potosia) cuprea (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) and Protaetia (Potosia) opaca (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) to the less dependent Protaetia (Netocia) morio (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae). All the latter species can be considered facultatively dependent, to varying degrees, on tree hollows. By contrast, the saproxylic affinity of Protaetia (Netocia) oblonga (Gory and Percheron, 1833) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae), Tropinota squalida (Scopoli, 1783) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) and Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) was doubtful. Generally, the sex ratio of the studied species was female-biased. A possible explanation may be local male competition for females, suggesting the Cetoniinae is a female world. However, the range of difference in the female-biased sex ratio among species suggests it is important to explore other possible causes, such as differences in dispersal abilities.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Coleoptera ; Female ; Forests ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Trees
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120799-4
ISSN	1938-2936 ; 0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
ISSN (online)	1938-2936
ISSN	0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
DOI	10.1093/ee/nvz167
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Article ; Online: Effect of a national guideline on postoperative troponin surveillance: a retrospective cohort study.

Alvarez Torres, Eva / Bartoszko, Justyna / Martinez Perez, Selene / Tait, Gordon / Santema, Michael / Beattie, W Scott / McCluskey, Stuart A / van Klei, Wilton A

Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie

2023 Volume 71, Issue 3, Page(s) 322–329

Abstract: Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of the 2017 Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) guidelines on troponin surveillance after noncardiac surgery.: Methods: This was a single-centre, retrospective, observational study. Patients aged 40 yr or ... ...

Title translation	Effet d’une ligne directrice nationale sur le monitorage postopératoire de la troponine : une étude de cohorte rétrospective.
Abstract	Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of the 2017 Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) guidelines on troponin surveillance after noncardiac surgery. Methods: This was a single-centre, retrospective, observational study. Patients aged 40 yr or older undergoing intermediate- to high-risk elective noncardiac surgery between 2016 and 2021 were included. We compared the number and percentage of troponin tests ordered before and after the guidelines were published and compared patient characteristics, specifically cardiovascular comorbidity, using odds ratio's (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Outcomes were myocardial injury, myocardial infarction (MI), and in-hospital mortality. Results: The cohort included 36,386 patients and the median age was 63 yr. Between 2016 and 2018, troponin surveillance was done in 2,461 (13%) of the 19,046 patients, compared with 2,398 (14%) of the 17,340 patients who had surgery between 2019 and 2021 (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.15). Patients who had surgery in the second period had less cardiovascular comorbidity; the adjusted OR for troponin surveillance was 1.14 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.21). In the two periods, troponin was elevated in 561 (2.9%) and 470 (2.7%) patients, an MI was documented in 54 (0.3%) and 36 (0.2%) patients, and 95 (0.5%) and 73 (0.4%) patients died, respectively. After adjustment for baseline differences in the two periods, the ORs for MI and mortality were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.54 to 1.27) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.64 to 1.19), respectively. Conclusion: Although the odds of troponin ordering were slightly but significantly higher after publication of the CCS guidelines, the odds for detecting an MI and for mortality did not change.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Troponin ; Retrospective Studies ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/diagnosis ; Canada ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis ; Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Troponin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	91002-8
ISSN	1496-8975 ; 0832-610X
ISSN (online)	1496-8975
ISSN	0832-610X
DOI	10.1007/s12630-023-02647-4
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Article ; Online: Perioperative Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Review of the Literature Merging Guidelines and Interventions.

Martinez-Perez, Selene / McCluskey, Stuart A / Davierwala, Piroze M / Kalra, Sanjog / Nguyen, Elsie / Bhat, Mamatha / Borosz, Cheryl / Luzzi, Carla / Jaeckel, Elmar / Neethling, Elmari

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia

2023 Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 1015–1030

Abstract: Liver transplantation (LT) is the second most performed solid organ transplant. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a critical consideration for LT candidacy, particularly in patients with known CAD or risk factors, including metabolic dysfunction ... ...

Abstract	Liver transplantation (LT) is the second most performed solid organ transplant. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a critical consideration for LT candidacy, particularly in patients with known CAD or risk factors, including metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease. The presence of severe CAD may exclude patients from LT; therefore, precise preoperative evaluation and interventions are necessary to achieve transplant candidacy. Cardiovascular complications represent the earliest nongraft-related cause of death post-transplantation. Timely intervention to reduce cardiovascular events depends on adequate CAD screening. Coronary disease screening in end-stage liver disease is challenging because standard noninvasive CAD screening tests have low sensitivity due to hyperdynamic state and vasodilatation. As a result, there is overuse of invasive coronary angiography to exclude severe CAD. Coronary artery calcium scoring using a computed tomography scan is a tool for the prediction of cardiovascular events, and can be used to achieve risk stratification in LT candidates. Recent literature shows that qualitative assessment on both noncontrast- and contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography can be used instead of calcium score to assess the presence of coronary calcium. With increasing prevalence, protocols to address CAD in LT candidates must be reconsidered. Percutaneous coronary intervention could allow a shorter duration of dual-antiplatelet therapy in simple lesions, with safer perioperative outcomes. Hybrid coronary revascularization is an option for high-risk LT candidates with multivessel disease nonamenable to percutaneous coronary intervention. The objective of this review is to evaluate existing methods for preoperative cardiovascular risk stratification, and to describe interventions before surgery to optimize patient outcomes and reduce cardiovascular event risk.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Liver Transplantation/adverse effects ; Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cardiovascular Diseases/complications ; Calcium/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis ; Coronary Artery Disease/surgery ; Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Coronary Angiography/methods ; Heart Disease Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1067317-9
ISSN	1532-8422 ; 1053-0770
ISSN (online)	1532-8422
ISSN	1053-0770
DOI	10.1053/j.jvca.2023.11.039
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