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Article: Effect of Male Body Size on Female Reproduction in

Honek, Alois / Martinkova, Zdenka

2022 Volume 13, Issue 10

Abstract: Females and males of the abundant heteropteran ... ...

Abstract	Females and males of the abundant heteropteran species
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662247-6
ISSN	2075-4450
ISSN	2075-4450
DOI	10.3390/insects13100902
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Spatial distribution of cereal aphids determines their abundance and population density in winter wheat stands

Honek, Alois / Dixon, Anthony F. G. / Martinková, Zdenka / Pekár, Stano / Růžek, Pavel

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 2023 Oct., v. 171, no. 10 p.789-795

2023

Abstract: The numbers per tiller (abundance) and per unit area of ground (population density) of the dominant cereal aphids in winter wheat crops, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were recorded from 2000–2015. ... ...

Abstract	The numbers per tiller (abundance) and per unit area of ground (population density) of the dominant cereal aphids in winter wheat crops, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were recorded from 2000–2015. The results were used to test the hypothesis that at the population peak and 4 weeks previously, the population density of aphids in winter wheat crops (Triticum aestivum L., Poaceae) is uniformly distributed with respect to surface area and, as a result, their abundance is high in sparse stands (SPA) where the colonizing aphids are scattered among a small number of tillers (ca. 80 m⁻²), and low in dense stands (DEN) where they are scattered among a larger number of tillers (ca. 440 m⁻²). This prediction was verified for S. avenae, the population density of which did not significantly differ between SPA and DEN stands throughout this period. This species feeds mainly on the ears, whose nutritional quality for aphids varies little with crop density and during the course of ripening. In contrast and contrary to our prediction, the population density of M. dirhodum increased throughout this period more rapidly in SPA than in DEN stands. This species lives on leaves whose quality is better and remain present for longer during the course of ripening of the crop in SPA than DEN stands. The abundance of both species was higher in SPA than in DEN stands. Greater direct damage to cereal crops can be expected when using technologies and cultivars of winter wheat that need to be planted sparsely.
Keywords	Metopolophium dirhodum ; Sitobion avenae ; Triticum aestivum ; cultivars ; nutritive value ; plant density ; prediction ; surface area ; winter wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-10
Size	p. 789-795.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	216272-6
ISSN	0013-8703
ISSN	0013-8703
DOI	10.1111/eea.13349
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Behavioural thermoregulation hastens spring mating activity in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae).

Honek, Alois / Martinkova, Zdenka

Journal of thermal biology

2019 Volume 84, Page(s) 185–189

Abstract: Post-diapause, overwintered adults of the true bug Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae) form conspicuous aggregations at warm spots in early spring. Using a combination of laboratory experiments and field observations, we assessed the ... ...

Abstract	Post-diapause, overwintered adults of the true bug Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae) form conspicuous aggregations at warm spots in early spring. Using a combination of laboratory experiments and field observations, we assessed the influence of this behaviour on the seasonal timing of reproduction. In the laboratory, post-diapause pairs mated after an accumulation of 80° days (dd), and females started to lay eggs after an additional 80 dd (considering 10.3 °C as a lower temperature threshold for post-diapause development). In the field, however, females mated as early as late March (based on data from four seasons), which corresponded to the accumulation of <15 dd (based on summing the temperatures recorded at a meteorology station). Such a 'discrepancy' between laboratory and field data is explained by thermoregulation. Aggregated adults bask in sunny spots, thereby increasing their body temperatures to ~25 °C, which is 7-16 °C above the temperature of the surrounding ground. This thermal excess speeds up their post-diapause development and enables early mating and oviposition. As a result, behavioural thermoregulation hastens the seasonal start of reproduction in P. apterus by > 1 month.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Czech Republic ; Female ; Heteroptera/physiology ; Male ; Reproduction/physiology ; Seasons ; Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1498364-3
ISSN	1879-0992 ; 0306-4565
ISSN (online)	1879-0992
ISSN	0306-4565
DOI	10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.013
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Article: Changes in the Germinability of Seeds of Dicotyledonous Herbs from Anthropogenic and Wild Habitats During Two Initial Years in a Seedbank

Martinková, Zdenka / Honěk, Alois / Brabec, Marek

Weed science. 2021 June 21, v. 69, no. 6

2021

Abstract: The germinability of buried seeds changes with time, and the direction and periodicity of these changes differ among plant species. In 116 abundant dicotyledonous herb species, we investigated the changes in seed germinability that occurred during the 2- ... ...

Abstract	The germinability of buried seeds changes with time, and the direction and periodicity of these changes differ among plant species. In 116 abundant dicotyledonous herb species, we investigated the changes in seed germinability that occurred during the 2-yr period following burial in the soil. We aimed to establish differences between seeds collected in “anthropogenic” (ruderal, arable land) and “wild” (grassland, forest) habitats. The seeds were buried in a field 1 mo after collection, exhumed at regular intervals, and germinated at 25 C. During the 2-yr study period, four categories of species-specific patterns of germinability changes were found: seeds demonstrating seasonal dormancy/nondormancy cycles (31 species); seeds germinating only in the first season after burial (16 species); seeds germinating steadily (38 species); and seeds whose germinability changed gradually, with increasing (7 species) or decreasing (18 species) germinability. The seeds of 6 species did not germinate at all. We found no significant difference in the frequency of these categories between species typical for anthropogenic and wild habitats. The cause for this result may be dramatic human influences (changes of agricultural practices), the pressure of which impedes the development of floras specific for certain habitats, as distinguished by the frequency of species with particular patterns of seed germinability. These frequencies varied among taxa with the growth form, seed mass, and flowering phenology of species.
Keywords	arable soils ; dormancy ; forests ; grasslands ; humans ; periodicity ; phenology ; seed weight ; weed science
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0621
Size	p. 660-672.
Publishing place	The Weed Science Society of America
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	281279-4
ISSN	0043-1745
ISSN	0043-1745
DOI	10.1017/wsc.2021.40
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Behavioural thermoregulation hastens spring mating activity in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)

Honek, Alois / Martinkova, Zdenka

Journal of thermal biology. 2019 Aug., v. 84

2019

Abstract	Post-diapause, overwintered adults of the true bug Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae) form conspicuous aggregations at warm spots in early spring. Using a combination of laboratory experiments and field observations, we assessed the influence of this behaviour on the seasonal timing of reproduction. In the laboratory, post-diapause pairs mated after an accumulation of 80° days (dd), and females started to lay eggs after an additional 80 dd (considering 10.3 °C as a lower temperature threshold for post-diapause development). In the field, however, females mated as early as late March (based on data from four seasons), which corresponded to the accumulation of <15 dd (based on summing the temperatures recorded at a meteorology station). Such a ‘discrepancy’ between laboratory and field data is explained by thermoregulation. Aggregated adults bask in sunny spots, thereby increasing their body temperatures to ~25 °C, which is 7–16 °C above the temperature of the surrounding ground. This thermal excess speeds up their post-diapause development and enables early mating and oviposition. As a result, behavioural thermoregulation hastens the seasonal start of reproduction in P. apterus by > 1 month.
Keywords	Pyrrhocoris apterus ; adults ; body temperature ; eggs ; females ; laboratory experimentation ; meteorology ; oviposition ; spring ; thermoregulation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-08
Size	p. 185-189.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1498364-3
ISSN	1879-0992 ; 0306-4565
ISSN (online)	1879-0992
ISSN	0306-4565
DOI	10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.013
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: How climate change affects the occurrence of a second generation in the univoltine Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)

Honek, Alois / Martinkova, Zdenka / Pekár, Stano

Ecological entomology. 2020 Oct., v. 45, no. 5

2020

Abstract: 1. Understanding the conditions that allow for the occurrence of an additional generation in populations that are usually univoltine is important under the present climate warming. In temperate areas, a second generation is enabled through the emergence ... ...

Abstract	1. Understanding the conditions that allow for the occurrence of an additional generation in populations that are usually univoltine is important under the present climate warming. In temperate areas, a second generation is enabled through the emergence of a time window that opens when first‐generation individuals are ready to reproduce and closes when second‐generation individuals cannot complete development before the onset of winter. 2. The conditions that limit the width of this window were studied in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae), a ground‐inhabiting heteropteran overwintering in facultative adult diapause, whose populations in Central Europe have typically been univoltine until the 1980s. 3. The frequency of females of the first generation that started to lay eggs decreased from 70% in June to zero in early August, but oviposition of these females continued until the end of August. Using thermal constants for egg–adult development and temperature data, this study found that the development of most second‐generation individuals could only be completed before the start of winter if hastened through behavioural thermoregulation. 4. Consequences of temperature increase on the width of the thermal window were calculated. Increasing temperature causes the time window to open earlier and close later by accelerating maturation of first‐generation females and improving conditions for maturing of the second‐generation individuals in late summer and autumn. 5. Climate warming will create conditions that facilitate the occurrence of a second generation in a year in typically univoltine populations of this species.
Keywords	Pyrrhocoris apterus ; adults ; autumn ; diapause ; entomology ; overwintering ; oviposition ; summer ; temperature ; thermoregulation ; univoltine habit ; winter ; Central European region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-10
Size	p. 1172-1179.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	196048-9
ISSN	0307-6946
ISSN	0307-6946
DOI	10.1111/een.12903
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Predicting aphid abundance on winter wheat using suction trap catches

Honěk, Alois / Martinková, Zdenka / Brabec, Marek / Saska, Pavel

Plant Protection Science. , v. 56, no. 1

2019

Abstract: The relationship between the number of cereal aphids in flight (recorded by a national grid of suction traps in the Czech Republic) and their occurrence on winter wheat (in Prague) was established between 1999–2015. The flight of all the species was ... ...

Abstract	The relationship between the number of cereal aphids in flight (recorded by a national grid of suction traps in the Czech Republic) and their occurrence on winter wheat (in Prague) was established between 1999–2015. The flight of all the species was bimodal. Except for Rhopalosiphum padi, whose flight activity peaked in autumn, > 80% of individuals were trapped during April to mid-August. The species frequency was different between the winter wheat and aerial populations. R. padi, the dominant species in the trap catches, formed a small proportion of the aphids on the winter wheat, while Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum, which were underrepresented in the suction traps, alternately dominated the populations on the wheat. The aphid abundance in the wheat stands was correlated with the suction trap catches in the “spring” peak (April to mid-August), and the maximum flight activity occurred 4–10 days after the peak in the number of aphids on the wheat. In contrast, the prediction of the aphid abundance in the wheat stands using the total suction trap catches until the 15th of June (the final date for the application of crop protection actions) was reliable only for M. dirhodum. Its maximum abundance on the wheat exceeded 40 aphids per tiller if the total suction trap catch until the 15th of June was ≥ 60 individuals per trap. The prediction of R. padi and S. avenae abundance using the suction trap catches was not reliable.
Keywords	Metopolophium dirhodum ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; Sitobion avenae ; autumn ; dominant species ; flight ; plant protection ; prediction ; suction traps ; winter wheat ; Czech Republic
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-1213
Size	p. 35-45.
Publishing place	Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1426641-6
ISSN	0862-8645 ; 1212-2580
ISSN	0862-8645 ; 1212-2580
DOI	10.17221/53/2019-pps
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Geographic Differentiation of Adaptive Phenological Traits of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) Populations

Martinková, Zdenka / Honěk, Alois / Pekár, Stano / Leišova-Svobodová, Leona

Weed science. 2021 Feb. 15, v. 69, no. 3

2021

Abstract: In central Europe, barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.], has commonly been found in humid lowland areas. As a result of the introduction of new crops and farming practices, in the northwest Carpathians, E. crus-galli has spread from ... ...

Abstract	In central Europe, barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.], has commonly been found in humid lowland areas. As a result of the introduction of new crops and farming practices, in the northwest Carpathians, E. crus-galli has spread from lowland (<200 m altitude) to highland (>400 m altitude) areas. We collected seed samples from local populations lying at a distance of approximately 5 km from each other and lined up along transects following the flows of two rivers. The rivers first flow through the valleys separated by mountain ridges and eventually flow into a common lowland. After ripening, the seeds of all populations were germinated at 25 C under long-day conditions. Only the seeds of some lowland populations germinated up to 75%. The frequency of germinated seeds decreased as the altitude where the population was collected increased, and above 200 m above sea level, germination was mostly zero. We then studied the phenological and morphological differentiation of plants from the original (lowland) and recently occupied (highland) areas. Seeds of the lowest and the highest localities lying on the transect of each river were sown in a common garden experiment. In plants from the highland localities, heading and seed dispersal were earlier, while tiller height and tiller mass were lower than in plants from the lowland localities. Seed mass produced per tiller in the lowland and highland plants was similar, and as a result, highland plants allocated a larger proportion of body mass to seed production than did lowland plants. Echinochloa crus-galli populations from highland localities thus produce their progeny earlier and at a lower energy cost than populations from lowland localities. The plasticity of phenological characters likely facilitated adaptation during E. crus-galli spread from lowlands to highlands. Similar adaptations in plant phenology may contribute to the spread of E. crus-galli in other geographic areas.
Keywords	Echinochloa crus-galli ; altitude ; body weight ; energy costs ; germination ; phenology ; progeny ; rivers ; seed dispersal ; seed weight ; weed science ; Central European region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0215
Size	p. 353-361.
Publishing place	The Weed Science Society of America
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	281279-4
ISSN	0043-1745
ISSN	0043-1745
DOI	10.1017/wsc.2021.11
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Ground beetles (Coleoptera

Martinková Zdenka / Koprdová Stanislava / Kulfan Ján / Zach Peter / Honěk Alois

Folia Oecologica, Vol 46, Iss 1, Pp 37-

Carabidae) as predators of conifer seeds

2019 Volume 44

Abstract: Many species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important predators of seeds. While the consumption of herb seeds has been intensively studied, little attention has been paid to the consumption of seeds of gymnosperm plants. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	Many species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important predators of seeds. While the consumption of herb seeds has been intensively studied, little attention has been paid to the consumption of seeds of gymnosperm plants. Here, we determined the consumption of seeds of six coniferous species by four common carabid species and compared carabid preference for conifer and selected common angiosperm weed seed species. In no-choice experiments, the large carabid species Pseudoophonus rufipes preferentially consumed the seeds of Picea abies, Larix decidua and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus sylvestris was also preferred by another large carabid, Pterostichus melanarius. The smaller carabids Harpalus affinis and H. rubripes consumed conifer seeds reluctantly. The intensity of seed consumption by carabids decreased with increasing seed size. In choice experiments, both of the large carabid species preferred the small conifer seeds of P. sylvestris and L. decidua over herb seeds of similar size (Dipsacus fullonum, Galeopsis speciosa, Polygonum lapathifolium). Carabids may prefer conifer seeds because of their soft seed coats, regardless of their chemical protections. Postdispersal predation of seeds by carabids may be an important mortality factor in some conifer species.
Keywords	angiosperms ; gymnosperms ; seed consumption ; seed size ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sciendo
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Which Seed Properties Determine the Preferences of Carabid Beetle Seed Predators?

Foffová Hana / Ćavar Zeljković Sanja / Honěk Alois / Martinková Zdenka / Tarkowski Petr / Saska Pavel

Insects, Vol 11, Iss 757, p

2020 Volume 757

Abstract: Ground beetles are important invertebrate seed predators in temperate agro-ecosystems. However, there is a lack of information regarding which seed properties are important to carabids when they select seeds for consumption. Therefore, seed properties, ... ...

Abstract	Ground beetles are important invertebrate seed predators in temperate agro-ecosystems. However, there is a lack of information regarding which seed properties are important to carabids when they select seeds for consumption. Therefore, seed properties, such as size, shape, morphological defence, and chemical composition, were measured, and in addition to seed taxonomy and ecology, these data were used to explain carabid preferences. Carabid preferences were assessed using a multi-choice experiment with 28 species of weed seeds presented to 37 species of Carabidae. Multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) was used to determine the importance of particular sets of seed properties for carabids. The analysis was conducted for the full set of carabids (37 species) as well as for subsets of species belonging to the tribes of Harpalini or Zabrini. For the complete set of species, seed dimensions, seed mass, taxonomy, plant strategy, and seed coat properties significantly explained carabid preferences (proportion of explained variance, R 2 = 0.465). The model for Harpalini fit the data comparably well (R 2 = 0.477), and seed dimensions, seed mass and seed coat properties were significant. In comparison to that for Harpalini, the model for Zabrini had much lower explanatory power (R 2 = 0.248), and the properties that significantly affected the preferences were seed dimensions, seed mass, taxonomy, plant strategy, and seed coat properties. This result suggests that the seed traits that carabids respond to may be specific to taxonomic and likely relate to the degree of specialisation for seeds. This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms that determine the preferences of carabid beetles for seeds.
Keywords	preference ; ground beetles ; weed seeds ; seed properties ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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