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Article ; Online: The relationship between negative life events and cortical structural connectivity in adolescents.

Sibilia, Francesca / Jost-Mousseau, Coline / Banaschewski, Tobias / Barker, Gareth J / Büchel, Christian / Desrivières, Sylvane / Flor, Herta / Grigis, Antoine / Garavan, Hugh / Gowland, Penny / Heinz, Andreas / Ittermann, Bernd / Martinot, Jean-Luc / Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère / Artiges, Eric / Nees, Frauke / Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos / Poustka, Luise / Millenet, Sabina /

Fröhner, Juliane H / Smolka, Michael N / Walter, Henrik / Whelan, Robert / Schumann, Gunter / Bokde, Arun L W

IBRO neuroscience reports

2024 Volume 16, Page(s) 201–210

Abstract: Adolescence is a crucial period for physical and psychological development. The impact of negative life events represents a risk factor for the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between negative life ... ...

Abstract	Adolescence is a crucial period for physical and psychological development. The impact of negative life events represents a risk factor for the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between negative life events and structural brain connectivity, considering both graph theory and connectivity strength. A group (n = 487) of adolescents from the IMAGEN Consortium was divided into Low and High Stress groups. Brain networks were extracted at an individual level, based on morphological similarity between grey matter regions with regions defined using an atlas-based region of interest (ROI) approach. Between-group comparisons were performed with global and local graph theory measures in a range of sparsity levels. The analysis was also performed in a larger sample of adolescents (n = 976) to examine linear correlations between stress level and network measures. Connectivity strength differences were investigated with network-based statistics. Negative life events were not found to be a factor influencing global network measures at any sparsity level. At local network level, between-group differences were found in centrality measures of the left somato-motor network (a decrease of betweenness centrality was seen at sparsity 5%), of the bilateral central visual and the left dorsal attention network (increase of degree at sparsity 10% at sparsity 30% respectively). Network-based statistics analysis showed an increase in connectivity strength in the High stress group in edges connecting the dorsal attention, limbic and salience networks. This study suggests negative life events alone do not alter structural connectivity globally, but they are associated to connectivity properties in areas involved in emotion and attention.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2667-2421
ISSN (online)	2667-2421
DOI	10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.012
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Article ; Online: Brain Networks and Adolescent Alcohol Use.

Yip, Sarah W / Lichenstein, Sarah D / Liang, Qinghao / Chaarani, Bader / Dager, Alecia / Pearlson, Godfrey / Banaschewski, Tobias / Bokde, Arun L W / Desrivières, Sylvane / Flor, Herta / Grigis, Antoine / Gowland, Penny / Heinz, Andreas / Brühl, Rüdiger / Martinot, Jean-Luc / Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère / Artiges, Eric / Nees, Frauke / Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos /

Paus, Tomáš / Poustka, Luise / Hohmann, Sarah / Millenet, Sabina / Fröhner, Juliane H / Smolka, Michael N / Vaidya, Nilakshi / Walter, Henrik / Whelan, Robert / Schumann, Gunter / Garavan, Hugh

JAMA psychiatry

2024 Volume 80, Issue 11, Page(s) 1131–1141

Abstract: Importance: Alcohol misuse in adolescence is a leading cause of disability and mortality in youth and is associated with higher risk for alcohol use disorder. Brain mechanisms underlying risk of alcohol misuse may inform prevention and intervention ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Alcohol misuse in adolescence is a leading cause of disability and mortality in youth and is associated with higher risk for alcohol use disorder. Brain mechanisms underlying risk of alcohol misuse may inform prevention and intervention efforts. Objective: To identify neuromarkers of alcohol misuse using a data-driven approach, with specific consideration of neurodevelopmental sex differences. Design, setting, and participants: Longitudinal multisite functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected at ages 14 and 19 years were used to assess whole-brain patterns of functional organization associated with current and future alcohol use risk as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Primary data were collected by the IMAGEN consortium, a European multisite study of adolescent neurodevelopment. Model generalizability was further tested using data acquired in a single-site study of college alcohol consumption conducted in the US. The primary sample was a developmental cohort of 1359 adolescents with neuroimaging, phenotyping, and alcohol use data. Model generalizability was further assessed in a separate cohort of 114 individuals. Main outcomes and measures: Brain-behavior model accuracy, as defined by the correspondence between model-predicted and actual AUDIT scores in held-out testing data, Bonferroni corrected across the number of models run at each time point, 2-tailed α < .008, as determined via permutation testing. Results: Among 1359 individuals in the study, the mean (SD) age was 14.42 (0.40) years, and 729 individuals (54%) were female. The data-driven, whole-brain connectivity approach identified networks associated with vulnerability for future and current AUDIT-defined alcohol use risk (primary outcome, as specified above, future: ρ, 0.22; P < .001 and present: ρ, 0.27; P < .001). Results further indicated sex divergence in the accuracies of brain-behavior models, such that female-only models consistently outperformed male-only models. Specifically, female-only models identified networks conferring vulnerability for future and current severity using data acquired during both reward and inhibitory fMRI tasks. In contrast, male-only models were successful in accurately identifying networks using data acquired during the inhibitory control-but not reward-task, indicating domain specificity of alcohol use risk networks in male adolescents only. Conclusions and relevance: These data suggest that interventions focusing on inhibitory control processes may be effective in combating alcohol use risk in male adolescents but that both inhibitory and reward-related processes are likely of relevance to alcohol use behaviors in female adolescents. They further identify novel networks of alcohol use risk in youth, which may be used to identify adolescents who are at risk and inform intervention efforts.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Alcoholism ; Underage Drinking ; Brain ; Alcohol Drinking ; Neuroimaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2701203-7
ISSN	2168-6238 ; 2168-622X
ISSN (online)	2168-6238
ISSN	2168-622X
DOI	10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2949
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Article: Population clustering of structural brain aging and its association with brain development.

Duan, Haojing / Shi, Runye / Kang, Jujiao / Banaschewski, Tobias / Bokde, Arun L W / Büchel, Christian / Desrivières, Sylvane / Flor, Herta / Grigis, Antoine / Garavan, Hugh / Gowland, Penny A / Heinz, Andreas / Brühl, Rüdiger / Martinot, Jean-Luc / Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère / Artiges, Eric / Nees, Frauke / Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos / Paus, Tomáš /

Poustka, Luise / Hohmann, Sarah / Holz, Nathalie / Fröhner, Juliane H / Smolka, Michael N / Vaidya, Nilakshi / Walter, Henrik / Whelan, Robert / Schumann, Gunter / Lin, Xiaolei / Feng, Jianfeng

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2024

Abstract: Structural brain aging has demonstrated strong inter-individual heterogeneity and mirroring patterns with brain development. However, due to the lack of large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies, most of the existing research focused on the cross- ... ...

Abstract	Structural brain aging has demonstrated strong inter-individual heterogeneity and mirroring patterns with brain development. However, due to the lack of large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies, most of the existing research focused on the cross-sectional changes of brain aging. In this investigation, we present a data-driven approach that incorporate both cross-sectional changes and longitudinal trajectories of structural brain aging and identified two brain aging patterns among 37,013 healthy participants from UK Biobank. Participants with accelerated brain aging also demonstrated accelerated biological aging, cognitive decline and increased genetic susceptibilities to major neuropsychiatric disorders. Further, by integrating longitudinal neuroimaging studies from a multi-center adolescent cohort, we validated the "last in, first out" mirroring hypothesis and identified brain regions with manifested mirroring patterns between brain aging and brain development. Genomic analyses revealed risk loci and genes contributing to accelerated brain aging and delayed brain development, providing molecular basis for elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying brain aging and related disorders.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.01.09.24301030
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Article ; Online: Light Cannabis Use and the Adolescent Brain: An 8-years Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health, Cognition, and Reward Processing.

Macedo, Inês / Paiva, Tiago O / Pasion, Rita / Daedelow, Laura / Heinz, Andreas / Magalhães, Ana / Banaschewski, Tobias / Bokde, Arun L W / Desrivières, Sylvane / Flor, Herta / Grigis, Antoine / Garavan, Hugh / Gowland, Penny / Brühl, Rüdiger / Martinot, Jean-Luc / Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère / Artiges, Eric / Nees, Frauke / Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos /

Paus, Tomáš / Poustka, Luise / Hohmann, Sarah / Holz, Nathalie / Fröhner, Juliane H / Smolka, Michael N / Vaidya, Nilakshi / Walter, Henrik / Whelan, Robert / Schumann, Gunter / Barbosa, Fernando

Psychopharmacology

2024

Abstract: Rationale: For decades, cannabis has been the most widely used illicit substance in the world, particularly among youth. Research suggests that mental health problems associated with cannabis use may result from its effect on reward brain circuit, ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: For decades, cannabis has been the most widely used illicit substance in the world, particularly among youth. Research suggests that mental health problems associated with cannabis use may result from its effect on reward brain circuit, emotional processes, and cognition. However, findings are mostly derived from correlational studies and inconsistent, particularly in adolescents. Objectives and methods: Using data from the IMAGEN study, participants (non-users, persistent users, abstinent users) were classified according to their cannabis use at 19 and 22 years-old. All participants were cannabis-naïve at baseline (14 years-old). Psychopathological symptoms, cognitive performance, and brain activity while performing a Monetary Incentive Delay task were used as predictors of substance use and to analyze group differences over time. Results: Higher scores on conduct problems and lower on peer problems at 14 years-old (n = 318) predicted a greater likelihood of transitioning to cannabis use within 5 years. At 19 years of age, individuals who consistently engaged in low-frequency (i.e., light) cannabis use (n = 57) exhibited greater conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms compared to non-users (n = 52) but did not differ in emotional symptoms, cognitive functioning, or brain activity during the MID task. At 22 years, those who used cannabis at both 19 and 22 years-old n = 17), but not individuals that had been abstinent for ≥ 1 month (n = 19), reported higher conduct problems than non-users (n = 17). Conclusions: Impairments in reward-related brain activity and cognitive functioning do not appear to precede or succeed cannabis use (i.e., weekly, or monthly use). Cannabis-naïve adolescents with conduct problems and more socially engaged with their peers may be at a greater risk for lighter yet persistent cannabis use in the future.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130601-7
ISSN	1432-2072 ; 0033-3158
ISSN (online)	1432-2072
ISSN	0033-3158
DOI	10.1007/s00213-024-06575-z
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Article ; Online: Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of genome wide association studies of inhibitory control.

Molecular psychiatry

2023 Volume 28, Issue 10, Page(s) 4175–4184

Abstract: Deficits in effective executive function, including inhibitory control are associated with risk for a number of psychiatric disorders and significantly impact everyday functioning. These complex traits have been proposed to serve as endophenotypes, ... ...

Abstract	Deficits in effective executive function, including inhibitory control are associated with risk for a number of psychiatric disorders and significantly impact everyday functioning. These complex traits have been proposed to serve as endophenotypes, however, their genetic architecture is not yet well understood. To identify the common genetic variation associated with inhibitory control in the general population we performed the first trans-ancestry genome wide association study (GWAS) combining data across 8 sites and four ancestries (N = 14,877) using cognitive traits derived from the stop-signal task, namely - go reaction time (GoRT), go reaction time variability (GoRT SD) and stop signal reaction time (SSRT). Although we did not identify genome wide significant associations for any of the three traits, GoRT SD and SSRT demonstrated significant and similar SNP heritability of 8.2%, indicative of an influence of genetic factors. Power analyses demonstrated that the number of common causal variants contributing to the heritability of these phenotypes is relatively high and larger sample sizes are necessary to robustly identify associations. In Europeans, the polygenic risk for ADHD was significantly associated with GoRT SD and the polygenic risk for schizophrenia was associated with GoRT, while in East Asians polygenic risk for schizophrenia was associated with SSRT. These results support the potential of executive function measures as endophenotypes of neuropsychiatric disorders. Together these findings provide the first evidence indicating the influence of common genetic variation in the genetic architecture of inhibitory control quantified using objective behavioural traits derived from the stop-signal task.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Genome-Wide Association Study/methods ; Schizophrenia/genetics ; Executive Function ; Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics ; Endophenotypes ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1330655-8
ISSN	1476-5578 ; 1359-4184
ISSN (online)	1476-5578
ISSN	1359-4184
DOI	10.1038/s41380-023-02187-9
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Article ; Online: A biologically informed polygenic score of neuronal plasticity moderates the association between cognitive aptitudes and cortical thickness in adolescents.

Navarri, Xavier / Vosberg, Daniel E / Shin, Jean / Richer, Louis / Leonard, Gabriel / Pike, G Bruce / Banaschewski, Tobias / Bokde, Arun L W / Desrivières, Sylvane / Flor, Herta / Grigis, Antoine / Garavan, Hugh / Gowland, Penny / Heinz, Andreas / Brühl, Rüdiger / Martinot, Jean-Luc / Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère / Artiges, Eric / Nees, Frauke /

Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos / Poustka, Luise / Hohmann, Sarah / Fröhner, Juliane H / Smolka, Michael N / Vaidya, Nilakshi / Walter, Henrik / Whelan, Robert / Schumann, Gunter / Pausova, Zdenka / Paus, Tomáš

Developmental cognitive neuroscience

2023 Volume 60, Page(s) 101232

Abstract: Although many studies of the adolescent brain identified positive associations between cognitive abilities and cortical thickness, little is known about mechanisms underlying such brain-behavior relationships. With experience-induced plasticity playing ... ...

Abstract	Although many studies of the adolescent brain identified positive associations between cognitive abilities and cortical thickness, little is known about mechanisms underlying such brain-behavior relationships. With experience-induced plasticity playing an important role in shaping the cerebral cortex throughout life, it is likely that some of the inter-individual variations in cortical thickness could be explained by genetic variations in relevant molecular processes, as indexed by a polygenic score of neuronal plasticity (PGS-NP). Here, we studied associations between PGS-NP, cognitive abilities, and thickness of the cerebral cortex, estimated from magnetic resonance images, in the Saguenay Youth Study (SYS, 533 females, 496 males: age=15.0 ± 1.8 years of age; cross-sectional), and the IMAGEN Study (566 females, 556 males; between 14 and 19 years; longitudinal). Using Gene Ontology, we first identified 199 genes implicated in neuronal plasticity, which mapped to 155,600 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Second, we estimated their effect sizes from an educational attainment meta-GWAS to build a PGS-NP. Third, we examined a possible moderating role of PGS-NP in the relationship between performance intelligence quotient (PIQ), and its subtests, and the thickness of 34 cortical regions. In SYS, we observed a significant interaction between PGS-NP and object assembly vis-à-vis thickness in male adolescents (p = 0.026). A median-split analysis showed that, in males with a 'high' PGS-NP, stronger associations between object assembly and thickness were found in regions with larger age-related changes in thickness (r = 0.55, p = 0.00075). Although the interaction between PIQ and PGS-NP was non-significant (p = 0.064), we performed a similar median-split analysis. Again, in the high PGS-NP males, positive associations between PIQ and thickness were observed in regions with larger age-related changes in thickness (r = 0.40, p = 0.018). In the IMAGEN cohort, we did not replicate the first set of results (interaction between PGS-NP and cognitive abilities via-a-vis cortical thickness) while we did observe the same relationship between the brain-behaviour relationship and (longitudinal) changes in cortical thickness (Matrix reasoning: r = 0.63, p = 6.5e-05). No statistically significant results were observed in female adolescents in either cohort. Overall, these cross-sectional and longitudinal results suggest that molecular mechanisms involved in neuronal plasticity may contribute to inter-individual variations of cortical thickness related to cognitive abilities during adolescence in a sex-specific manner.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Adolescent ; Female ; Intelligence/physiology ; Aptitude ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cognition/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuronal Plasticity/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2572271-2
ISSN	1878-9307 ; 1878-9307
ISSN (online)	1878-9307
ISSN	1878-9307
DOI	10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101232
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Article ; Online: A stable and replicable neural signature of lifespan adversity in the adult brain.

Holz, Nathalie E / Zabihi, Mariam / Kia, Seyed Mostafa / Monninger, Maximillian / Aggensteiner, Pascal-M / Siehl, Sebastian / Floris, Dorothea L / Bokde, Arun L W / Desrivières, Sylvane / Flor, Herta / Grigis, Antoine / Garavan, Hugh / Gowland, Penny / Heinz, Andreas / Brühl, Rüdiger / Martinot, Jean-Luc / Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère / Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos / Paus, Tomáš /

Poustka, Luise / Fröhner, Juliane H / Smolka, Michael N / Vaidya, Nilakshi / Walter, Henrik / Whelan, Robert / Schumann, Gunter / Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas / Brandeis, Daniel / Buitelaar, Jan K / Nees, Frauke / Beckmann, Christian / Banaschewski, Tobias / Marquand, Andre F

Nature neuroscience

2023 Volume 26, Issue 9, Page(s) 1603–1612

Abstract: Environmental adversities constitute potent risk factors for psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests the brain adapts to adversity, possibly in an adversity-type and region-specific manner. However, the long-term effects of adversity on brain structure ... ...

Abstract	Environmental adversities constitute potent risk factors for psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests the brain adapts to adversity, possibly in an adversity-type and region-specific manner. However, the long-term effects of adversity on brain structure and the association of individual neurobiological heterogeneity with behavior have yet to be elucidated. Here we estimated normative models of structural brain development based on a lifespan adversity profile in a longitudinal at-risk cohort aged 25 years (n = 169). This revealed widespread morphometric changes in the brain, with partially adversity-specific features. This pattern was replicated at the age of 33 years (n = 114) and in an independent sample at 22 years (n = 115). At the individual level, greater volume contractions relative to the model were predictive of future anxiety. We show a stable neurobiological signature of adversity that persists into adulthood and emphasize the importance of considering individual-level rather than group-level predictions to explain emerging psychopathology.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Longevity ; Brain ; Anxiety ; Mental Disorders ; Neurobiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1420596-8
ISSN	1546-1726 ; 1097-6256
ISSN (online)	1546-1726
ISSN	1097-6256
DOI	10.1038/s41593-023-01410-8
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Article: Structural neurodevelopment at the individual level - a life-course investigation using ABCD, IMAGEN and UK Biobank data.

Shi, Runye / Xiang, Shitong / Jia, Tianye / Robbins, Trevor W / Kang, Jujiao / Banaschewski, Tobias / Barker, Gareth J / Bokde, Arun L W / Desrivières, Sylvane / Flor, Herta / Grigis, Antoine / Garavan, Hugh / Gowland, Penny / Heinz, Andreas / Brühl, Rüdiger / Martinot, Jean-Luc / Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère / Artiges, Eric / Nees, Frauke /

Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos / Paus, Tomáš / Poustka, Luise / Hohmann, Sarah / Millenet, Sabina / Fröhner, Juliane H / Smolka, Michael N / Vaidya, Nilakshi / Walter, Henrik / Whelan, Robert / Schumann, Gunter / Lin, Xiaolei / Sahakian, Barbara J / Feng, Jianfeng

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2023

Abstract: Adolescents exhibit remarkable heterogeneity in the structural architecture of brain development. However, due to the lack of large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies, existing research has largely focused on population averages and the ... ...

Abstract	Adolescents exhibit remarkable heterogeneity in the structural architecture of brain development. However, due to the lack of large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies, existing research has largely focused on population averages and the neurobiological basis underlying individual heterogeneity remains poorly understood. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging from the IMAGEN cohort (n=1,543), we show that adolescents can be clustered into three groups defined by distinct developmental patterns of whole-brain gray matter volume (GMV). Genetic and epigenetic determinants of group clustering and long-term impacts of neurodevelopment in mid-to-late adulthood were investigated using data from the ABCD, IMAGEN and UK Biobank cohorts. Group 1, characterized by continuously decreasing GMV, showed generally the best neurocognitive performances during adolescence. Compared to Group 1, Group 2 exhibited a slower rate of GMV decrease and worsened neurocognitive development, which was associated with epigenetic changes and greater environmental burden. Further, Group 3 showed increasing GMV and delayed neurocognitive development during adolescence due to a genetic variation, while these disadvantages were attenuated in mid-to-late adulthood. In summary, our study revealed novel clusters of adolescent structural neurodevelopment and suggested that genetically-predicted delayed neurodevelopment has limited long-term effects on mental well-being and socio-economic outcomes later in life. Our results could inform future research on policy interventions aimed at reducing the financial and emotional burden of mental illness.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.09.20.23295841
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Article: Differing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth mental health: combined population and clinical study.

Qi, Lu / Zhang, Zuo / Robinson, Lauren / Bobou, Marina / Gourlan, Chantal / Winterer, Jeanne / Adams, Rebecca / Agunbiade, Kofoworola / Zhang, Yuning / King, Sinead / Vaidya, Nilakshi / Artiges, Eric / Banaschewski, Tobias / Bokde, Arun L W / Broulidakis, M John / Brühl, Rüdiger / Flor, Herta / Fröhner, Juliane H / Garavan, Hugh /

Grigis, Antoine / Heinz, Andreas / Hohmann, Sarah / Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère / Millenet, Sabina / Nees, Frauke / van Noort, Betteke Maria / Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos / Poustka, Luise / Sinclair, Julia / Smolka, Michael N / Whelan, Robert / Stringaris, Argyris / Walter, Henrik / Martinot, Jean-Luc / Schumann, Gunter / Schmidt, Ulrike / Desrivières, Sylvane

BJPsych open

2023 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) e217

Abstract: Background: Identifying youths most at risk to COVID-19-related mental illness is essential for the development of effective targeted interventions.: Aims: To compare trajectories of mental health throughout the pandemic in youth with and without ... ...

Abstract	Background: Identifying youths most at risk to COVID-19-related mental illness is essential for the development of effective targeted interventions. Aims: To compare trajectories of mental health throughout the pandemic in youth with and without prior mental illness and identify those most at risk of COVID-19-related mental illness. Method: Data were collected from individuals aged 18-26 years ( Results: Mental health trajectories differed significantly between cohorts. In the population cohort, depression and eating disorder symptoms increased by 33.9% (95% CI 31.78-36.57) and 15.6% (95% CI 15.39-15.68) during the pandemic, respectively. By contrast, these remained high over time in the clinical cohort. Conversely, trajectories of alcohol misuse were similar in both cohorts, decreasing continuously (a 15.2% decrease) during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic symptom severity predicted the observed mental health trajectories in the population cohort. Surprisingly, being relatively healthy predicted increases in depression and eating disorder symptoms and in body mass index. By contrast, those initially at higher risk for depression or eating disorders reported a lasting decrease. Conclusions: Healthier young people may be at greater risk of developing depressive or eating disorder symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted mental health interventions considering prior diagnostic risk may be warranted to help young people cope with the challenges of psychosocial stress and reduce the associated healthcare burden.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2829557-2
ISSN	2056-4724
ISSN	2056-4724
DOI	10.1192/bjo.2023.601
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Article ; Online: Association between vmPFC gray matter volume and smoking initiation in adolescents.

Xiang, Shitong / Jia, Tianye / Xie, Chao / Cheng, Wei / Chaarani, Bader / Banaschewski, Tobias / Barker, Gareth J / Bokde, Arun L W / Büchel, Christian / Desrivières, Sylvane / Flor, Herta / Grigis, Antoine / Gowland, Penny A / Brühl, Rüdiger / Martinot, Jean-Luc / Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère / Nees, Frauke / Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos / Poustka, Luise /

Hohmann, Sarah / Fröhner, Juliane H / Smolka, Michael N / Vaidya, Nilakshi / Walter, Henrik / Whelan, Robert / Garavan, Hugh / Schumann, Gunter / Sahakian, Barbara J / Robbins, Trevor W / Feng, Jianfeng

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 4684

Abstract: Smoking of cigarettes among young adolescents is a pressing public health issue. However, the neural mechanisms underlying smoking initiation and sustenance during adolescence, especially the potential causal interactions between altered brain ... ...

Abstract	Smoking of cigarettes among young adolescents is a pressing public health issue. However, the neural mechanisms underlying smoking initiation and sustenance during adolescence, especially the potential causal interactions between altered brain development and smoking behaviour, remain elusive. Here, using large longitudinal adolescence imaging genetic cohorts, we identify associations between left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) gray matter volume (GMV) and subsequent self-reported smoking initiation, and between right vmPFC GMV and the maintenance of smoking behaviour. Rule-breaking behaviour mediates the association between smaller left vmPFC GMV and smoking behaviour based on longitudinal cross-lagged analysis and Mendelian randomisation. In contrast, smoking behaviour associated longitudinal covariation of right vmPFC GMV and sensation seeking (especially hedonic experience) highlights a potential reward-based mechanism for sustaining addictive behaviour. Taken together, our findings reveal vmPFC GMV as a possible biomarker for the early stages of nicotine addiction, with implications for its prevention and treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; Brain
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-40079-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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