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Book ; Online: Evolution, Composition and Regulation of Supernumerary B Chromosomes

Houben, Andreas / Jones, Neil / Martins, Cesar / Trifonov, Vladimir

2019

Abstract: Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some ... ...

Abstract	Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of "selfishness", based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these "silent" chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems
Keywords	Science (General) ; Biology (General)
Size	1 electronic resource (254 pages)
Publisher	MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	eng ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT020307443
ISBN	9783038977865 ; 9783038977872 ; 3038977861 ; 303897787X
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Response to correspondence on "B chromosomes of multiple species have intense evolutionary dynamics and accumulated genes related to important biological processes".

Ahmad, Syed F / Valente, Guilherme T / Martins, Cesar

BMC genomics

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 779

MeSH term(s)	Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Biological Phenomena
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2041499-7
ISSN	1471-2164 ; 1471-2164
ISSN (online)	1471-2164
ISSN	1471-2164
DOI	10.1186/s12864-023-09881-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A genomic glimpse of B chromosomes in cichlids.

Martins, Cesar / Jehangir, Maryam

Genes & genomics

2021 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 199–208

Abstract: Background: B chromosomes (Bs) are extra karyotype elements in addition to A chromosomes and are found in all major eukaryotic taxa. Among hundreds of investigated species, cichlid fishes have emerged as an interesting group of model and have ... ...

Abstract	Background: B chromosomes (Bs) are extra karyotype elements in addition to A chromosomes and are found in all major eukaryotic taxa. Among hundreds of investigated species, cichlid fishes have emerged as an interesting group of model and have contributed to unravel the complex biology of B chromosome. Objective: We review the current state of knowledge on B chromosome investigation in cichlid fish and discuss the recent genomic advances over gene and sequences hunting on Bs and their impact on the current concept of B chromosomes. Results: The Bs of cichlids have been under the subject of classical cytogenetics and high scale DNA, RNA and epigenetics analysis and a list of B chromosome genes and functional sequences has been generated. B chromosomes of cichlids are restricted to females in some species and are enriched with genes, relics of genes, transposable elements and sequences transcribing for many significant biological functions. Diverse potentially functional sequences have been described in the B chromosome of cichlids and could influence important biological characteristics as well seems to affect transcription and epigenetic modifications of the whole genome. Conclusion: One of the most enigmatic characteristics of Bs in cichlids is their genic content related to cell cycle and chromosome structure, and their influence over sex rates. The relationship of Bs with cell cycle and sex determination looks like to be connected with the drive of the Bs during cell divisions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chromosomes ; Cichlids/genetics ; Female ; Gene Duplication ; Genomics ; Male ; Sex Chromosomes
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-06
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2504587-8
ISSN	2092-9293 ; 1976-9571
ISSN (online)	2092-9293
ISSN	1976-9571
DOI	10.1007/s13258-021-01049-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Transcribing the enigma: the B chromosome as a territory of uncharted RNAs.

Oliveira, Jordana Inácio Nascimento / Cabral-de-Mello, Diogo C / Valente, Guilherme T / Martins, Cesar

Genetics

2024

Abstract: B chromosomes are supernumerary elements found in several groups of eukaryotes, including fungi, plants, and animals. Typically, these chromosomes either originate from their hosts through errors in meiosis or interspecifically through horizontal ... ...

Abstract	B chromosomes are supernumerary elements found in several groups of eukaryotes, including fungi, plants, and animals. Typically, these chromosomes either originate from their hosts through errors in meiosis or interspecifically through horizontal transfer. While many B chromosomes are primarily heterochromatic and possess a low number of coding genes, these additional elements are still capable of transcribing sequences and exerting influence on the expression of host genes. How B chromosomes escape elimination and which impacts can be promoted in the cell always intrigued the cytogeneticists. In pursuit of understanding the behavior and functional impacts of these extra elements, cytogenetic studies meet the advances of molecular biology, incorporating various techniques into investigating B chromosomes from a functional perspective. In this review, we present a timeline of studies investigating B chromosomes and RNAs, highlighting the advances and key findings throughout their history. Additionally, we identified which RNA classes are reported in the B chromosomes and emphasized the necessity for further investigation into new perspectives on the B chromosome functions. In this context, we present a phylogenetic tree that illustrates which branches either report B chromosome presence or have functional RNA studies related to B chromosomes. We propose investigating other unexplored RNA classes and conducting functional analysis in conjunction with cytogenetic studies to enhance our understanding of the B chromosome from an RNA perspective.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2167-2
ISSN	1943-2631 ; 0016-6731
ISSN (online)	1943-2631
ISSN	0016-6731
DOI	10.1093/genetics/iyae026
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Article ; Online: What is a B chromosome? Early definitions revisited.

Ferree, Patrick M / Blagojević, Jelena / Houben, Andreas / Martins, Cesar / Trifonov, Vladimir A / Vujošević, Mladen

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)

2024

Abstract: Since the discovery of B chromosomes, multiple different definitions of these selfish genetic elements have been put forth. We reconsidered early definitions in light of recently published studies. While there are many characteristics that vary among ... ...

Abstract	Since the discovery of B chromosomes, multiple different definitions of these selfish genetic elements have been put forth. We reconsidered early definitions in light of recently published studies. While there are many characteristics that vary among different B chromosomes, such as their evolutionary origins, size, segregation behaviors, gene content, and function, there is one defining trait of all B chromosomes: they are nonessential for the organism. The points raised here may be useful for framing future B chromosome studies and help guide the categorization of new chromosomal elements that are uncovered in genomic studies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2629978-1
ISSN	2160-1836 ; 2160-1836
ISSN (online)	2160-1836
ISSN	2160-1836
DOI	10.1093/g3journal/jkae068
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A systematic evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in South Atlantic subtropical mangrove wetlands under a coastal zone development scenario.

Garcia, Marina Reback / Martins, César C

Journal of environmental management

2020 Volume 277, Page(s) 111421

Abstract: Mangrove forests worldwide are threatened environments considered vulnerable to chronic contamination by hydrophobic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These ecosystems have a key role in the dynamics of biogenic and ... ...

Abstract	Mangrove forests worldwide are threatened environments considered vulnerable to chronic contamination by hydrophobic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These ecosystems have a key role in the dynamics of biogenic and anthropogenic carbon storage and provide proper conditions for accumulation. One of most important subtropical mangrove swamps in the South Atlantic is located in the Paranaguá Estuarine System (PES), the largest bay of South Brazil surrounded by well-preserved Atlantic rainforests; however, the PES is under imminent risks of damage, e.g., due to incidental oil spills during port operations. In this scenario, PAHs were assessed for the first time in the mangrove sediments of the PES. The concentrations of 16 priority PAHs (EPA) (<DL - 234.3 ng g<br />
MeSH term(s)	Brazil ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Geologic Sediments ; Humans ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Wetlands
Chemical Substances	Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111421
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Article: The Modern View of B Chromosomes Under the Impact of High Scale Omics Analyses.

Ahmad, Syed Farhan / Martins, Cesar

Cells

2019 Volume 8, Issue 2

Abstract: Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are extra karyotype units in addition to A chromosomes, and are found in some fungi and thousands of animals and plant species. Bs are uniquely characterized due to their non-Mendelian inheritance, and represent one of ... ...

Abstract	Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are extra karyotype units in addition to A chromosomes, and are found in some fungi and thousands of animals and plant species. Bs are uniquely characterized due to their non-Mendelian inheritance, and represent one of the best examples of genomic conflict. Over the last decades, their genetic composition, function and evolution have remained an unresolved query, although a few successful attempts have been made to address these phenomena. A classical concept based on cytogenetics and genetics is that Bs are selfish and abundant with DNA repeats and transposons, and in most cases, they do not carry any function. However, recently, the modern quantum development of high scale multi-omics techniques has shifted B research towards a new-born field that we call "B-omics". We review the recent literature and add novel perspectives to the B research, discussing the role of new technologies to understand the mechanistic perspectives of the molecular evolution and function of Bs. The modern view states that B chromosomes are enriched with genes for many significant biological functions, including but not limited to the interesting set of genes related to cell cycle and chromosome structure. Furthermore, the presence of B chromosomes could favor genomic rearrangements and influence the nuclear environment affecting the function of other chromatin regions. We hypothesize that B chromosomes might play a key function in driving their transmission and maintenance inside the cell, as well as offer an extra genomic compartment for evolution.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chromosomes, Human, 4-5/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Ontology ; Genome ; Genomics/methods ; Humans ; Models, Genetic
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells8020156
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Article ; Online: Unraveling sources of hydrocarbons in subtropical estuaries with distinct degrees of protection in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, Brazil.

Martins, César C / Moreira, Lucas Buruaem / Sutilli, Marina / de Souza Abessa, Denis Moledo

Marine pollution bulletin

2023 Volume 195, Page(s) 115499

Abstract: Sedimentary aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in subtropical estuaries with distinct degrees of legal protection, located in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, São Paulo State, Brazil. A multivariate approach ... ...

Abstract	Sedimentary aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in subtropical estuaries with distinct degrees of legal protection, located in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, São Paulo State, Brazil. A multivariate approach was adopted, using the Hierarchical cluster analysis followed by the Principal Matrix Factorization analysis to support the hydrocarbons sources findings using diagnostic ratios. In general, the sites with the highest values of hydrocarbons were in the vicinity of well-urbanized cities, where sewage discharge, harbor and industrial activities take place. Pyrolitic PAHs were the predominant source of PAHs in the sites. The region can be considered not highly contaminated by hydrocarbons; however, specific sites under local anthropogenic impact from sewage and/or urban drainage, presented relatively high hydrocarbons levels. These findings highlight the importance of sources identification as reliable approach to be included in the management plan of protected areas under the inputs of several vectors of contamination.
MeSH term(s)	Brazil ; Estuaries ; Sewage/analysis ; Geologic Sediments/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Hydrocarbons/analysis ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis
Chemical Substances	Sewage ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Hydrocarbons ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115499
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Article ; Online: Exploratory evaluation of iron and its speciation in surface waters of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica.

Sierpinski, Sheisa F D / Baquer, Luis Miguel Laglera / Martins, César C / Grassi, Marco Tadeu

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias

2023 Volume 95, Issue suppl 3, Page(s) e20211520

Abstract: The determination of dissolved iron concentrations and speciation was conducted for the first time in surface seawater coastline samples collected during the austral summer of 2020 in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. The technique of ... ...

Abstract	The determination of dissolved iron concentrations and speciation was conducted for the first time in surface seawater coastline samples collected during the austral summer of 2020 in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. The technique of competitive ligand exchange/adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene as the competing ligand was evaluated, showing a sensitivity between 14.25 and 21.05 nA nmol L-1 min-1, with an LOD of 14 pmol L-1 and a mean blank contribution of 0.248 nmol L-1. Physicochemical parameters such as pH (7.85 ± 0.2), salinity (32.7 ± 0.8) and dissolved oxygen (51.3 ± 26.6%) were compatible with those of the literature; however, the average temperature (4.2 ± 0.8 °C) was higher, possibly as a reflection of global warming. The dissolved iron mean value was 18.9 ± 6.1 nmol L-1, with a total ligand concentration of 23.6 ± 12.2 nmol L-1 and a conditional stability complex constant of 12.2 ± 0.2, indicating humic substances as possible ligands. On average, the calculated free iron concentrations were 0.7 ± 0.3 pmol L-1. Relatively high concentrations of iron indicate a possible local source of Fe, likely predominantly from upwelling sediments and secondarily from ice-melting waters, which does not limit the growth of the phytoplankton.
MeSH term(s)	Iron ; Antarctic Regions ; Ligands ; Bays ; Environmental Monitoring/methods
Chemical Substances	Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Ligands
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-14
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2046885-4
ISSN	1678-2690 ; 0001-3765
ISSN (online)	1678-2690
ISSN	0001-3765
DOI	10.1590/0001-3765202320211520
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Article ; Online: How did a tailings spill change the distribution of legacy organochlorine compounds in a Southeast Atlantic inner shelf area: Is a hidden danger being transferred to the ocean?

Cabral, Ana Caroline / de Souza, Amanda Câmara / Sá, Fabian / Neto, Renato Rodrigues / C Martins, César

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 905, Page(s) 166939

Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) were evaluated in water and sediments from the Espírito Santo Inner Shelf (ESIS), Brazil, three years after the Fundão dam failure (FDF). We discuss the levels, sources, fate, ... ...

Abstract	Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) were evaluated in water and sediments from the Espírito Santo Inner Shelf (ESIS), Brazil, three years after the Fundão dam failure (FDF). We discuss the levels, sources, fate, and current environmental risks of these contaminants on temporal and spatial scales. In addition, the associated coastal dispersion patterns, water-sediment exchange trends, and environmental alterations were also discussed. Low contributions and no environmental risks were verified for PCBs after FDF. However, the low concentrations and frequency of occurrence in the samples did not allow for further reliable conclusions regarding the source of this contaminant. In contrast, hazard risk has been detected for DDTs in water and sediments. In sediments, there were a significant increase in level (up to 13.42 ng g
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166939
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