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Article ; Online: An overview on informational masking

Marzieh Amiri / Farnoush Jarollahi

Auditory and Vestibular Research, Vol 29, Iss

2020 Volume 3

Abstract: Background and Aim: In noisy environments, two types of masking including energetic masking (EM) and informational masking (IM) occur. EM results from the spectral overlap of the target and maskers on the basilar membrane, while IM occurs at higher level. ...

Abstract	Background and Aim: In noisy environments, two types of masking including energetic masking (EM) and informational masking (IM) occur. EM results from the spectral overlap of the target and maskers on the basilar membrane, while IM occurs at higher level. This paper aimed to review the concept of IM in terms of historical perspective and definitions, the important cues for releasing from it, age-related effects and its neural basis. Recent Findings: The data from psychoacoustic, behavioral, and neuro-imaging studies were reviewed and discussed in order to provide an overall image of IM. According to these studies, it seems that perceptual segregation between the target and maskers is the most important cues for releasing from IM. This process takes place simply and without any effort in adults with normal hearing; however, it does not occur easily in children, elderly people and those with impaired hearing. Moreover, it seems that both top-down and bottom-up processing are involved in IM formation. Conclusion: Since IM leads to failure in selection of auditory objects and prevents the individual from auditory scene analysis, understanding the IM concept leads to a better knowledge of speech perception in noise.
Keywords	Informational masking ; perceptual masking ; energetic masking ; Medicine ; R ; Surgery ; RD1-811
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of COVID-19 on the auditory and vestibular system

Marzieh Amiri / Mahdieh Hasanalifard / Maryam Delphi

Auditory and Vestibular Research, Vol 30, Iss

2021 Volume 3

Abstract: Background and Aim: The COVID-19 has affected sensory organs in a different manner. This paper aimed to review the auditory-vestibular symptoms associated with COVID-19 and it also investigated the impacts of this pandemic on hearing-impaired community. ... ...

Abstract	Background and Aim: The COVID-19 has affected sensory organs in a different manner. This paper aimed to review the auditory-vestibular symptoms associated with COVID-19 and it also investigated the impacts of this pandemic on hearing-impaired community. Recent Findings: The existing studies related to the effects of COVID-19 on the auditory-vestibular system were reviewed and discussed in order to achieve the overall image of COVID-19 on this system. Moreover, due to the adverse effects of using a mask on the communication function of hearing-impaired people, the effects of the mask on the communication process of hearing-impaired people were also reviewed. Conclusion: COVID-19 may be accompanying with some auditory and vestibular dysfunctions. Although there are few findings in this area, they showed that the induced hearing loss is often sudden in nature and it is unclear that this situation is because of the ototoxicity of virus treated drugs or not. The vertigo induced by COVID-19 can be a direct invasion of the virus or an invasion by the immune system and its association with hearing loss and tinnitus must be identified, and appropriate referrals should be considered. On the other hand, due to the adverse effects of using personal protective equipment such as masks on the communication performance of hearing-impaired people, the necessary advice and guidance in this field are provided to the medical staff.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; hearing loss ; hearing-impaired ; vestibular dysfunction ; mask ; Medicine ; R ; Surgery ; RD1-811
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Risks of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Pregnancy; a Narrative Review

Latif Panahi / Marzieh Amiri / Somaye Pouy

Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, Vol 8, Iss

2020 Volume 1

Abstract: Introduction: The outbreak of the new Coronavirus in China in December 2019 and subsequently in various countries around the world has raised concerns about the possibility of vertical transmission of the virus from mother to fetus. The present study ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The outbreak of the new Coronavirus in China in December 2019 and subsequently in various countries around the world has raised concerns about the possibility of vertical transmission of the virus from mother to fetus. The present study aimed to review published literature in this regard. Methods: In this narrative review, were searched for all articles published in various databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science using MeSH-compliant keywords including COVID-19, Pregnancy, Vertical transmission, Coronavirus 2019, SARS-CoV-2 and 2019-nCoV from December 2019 to March 18, 2020 and reviewed them. All type of articles published about COVID-19 and vertical transmission in pregnancy were included. Results: A review of 13 final articles published in this area revealed that COVID-19 can cause fetal distress, miscarriage, respiratory distress and preterm delivery in pregnant women but does not infect newborns. There has been no report of vertical transmission in pregnancy, and it has been found that clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women are not different from those of non-pregnant women. Conclusion: Overall, due to lack of appropriate data about the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy, it is necessary to monitor suspected pregnant women before and after delivery. For confirmed cases both the mother and the newborn child should be followed up comprehensively.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; pregnancy ; infectious disease transmission ; vertical ; coronavirus ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ; RC86-88.9 ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection in Newborns and Pediatrics

Latif Panahi / Marzieh Amiri / Somaye Pouy

Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, Vol 8, Iss

A Systematic Review

2020 Volume 1

Abstract: Introduction: World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic and a global health emergency. Thus, it is necessary to clearly characterize clinical manifestations and management of COVID-19 infection in children to provide accurate information ...

Abstract	Introduction: World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic and a global health emergency. Thus, it is necessary to clearly characterize clinical manifestations and management of COVID-19 infection in children to provide accurate information for healthcare workers. Accordingly, the present study was designed to review articles published on clinical manifestations and characteristics of children and infants with COVID-19. Methods: In this systematic review, medical databases including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SID, Medline, WHO and LitCovid were searched using English and Persian keywords including COVID-19, Pediatrics, Newborn, Coronavirus 2019, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2. Finally, data of 14 related articles were included in the study. Results: A total of 2228 children, newborns and infants were studied. Clinical manifestation in children may be mild (72%), moderate (22%) or severe (6%), and the most common symptoms include dry cough (91%) and fever (96%). According to the included articles, two children had died, one of which was a 14-year-old boy and his exposure history and underlying disease were unclear, and the other was a male newborn with gestational age of 35 weeks and 5 days, birth weight of 2200, Apgar score of 8, 8 (1 min and 5 min) and his first symptom was increased heart rate. No differences were found between male and female children regarding infection with COVID-19. Conclusion: Most pediatrics were infected with COVID-19 due to family cluster or history of close contact. Infected children have relatively milder clinical symptoms compared to infected adults. We should pay special attention to early diagnosis and early treatment in children infected with COVID-19.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Child ; Infant ; Newborn ; Coronavirus ; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ; RC86-88.9 ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Relationship between Orotracheal Intubation Difficulty Scoring Systems and Anthropometric Factors

Maryam Motamedi / Maleheh Soltani / Marzieh Amiri / Elham Memary

Advanced Journal of Emergency Medicine (2018)

2018

Abstract: Introduction: Although rare, but it is very important to understand that intubation will be difficult for which of the patients. Some scoring systems are available in this regard that influenced by many factors such as body anthropometric factors. ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Although rare, but it is very important to understand that intubation will be difficult for which of the patients. Some scoring systems are available in this regard that influenced by many factors such as body anthropometric factors. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Mallampati score, biting the upper lip as well as 2-3-3 maneuver with body anthropometric factors in different population of society. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted during the years 2014-2015 in Yazd, Iran. The subjects using simple randomized sampling method, and they were included in study after obtaining their informed consent. Demographic (age and gender) as well as anthropometric parameters of body, including weight, height, neck, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were collected in a pre-prepared checklist. Then, Mallampati score, biting the upper lip score, maneuver 2-3-3 were examined and calculated by researchers. The results of these examinations were recorded for each person in checklist. Results: In this study, 498 people with mean age of 42.1 ± 16.1 were enrolled (51% female). Based on results of this study, although all three methods significantly correlated with age but none had any relation with gender. Significant relationship was found between upper lip biting and Mallampati score and all body anthropometric factors evaluated in this study (p < 0.05). By increasing the mean of these factors, Mallampati score increases, while this relationship is reverse in the case of height. In addition, significant correlation was found between maneuver 2-3-3 and weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and BMI, while it showed no correlation with neck circumference (p = 0.328) and WHR (p = 0.121). Conclusion: Based on findings of current study, it is likely that upper lip biting test and Mallampati score have significant relation with all body anthropometric factors evaluated in this study. But ...
Keywords	Airway Management ; Body Mass Index ; Emergency Medicine ; Intubation ; Intratracheal ; Obesity ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The effects of auditory spatial training on informational masking release in elderly listeners

Farnoush Jarollahi / Marzieh Amiri / Shohreh Jalaie / Seyyed Jalal Sameni

F1000Research, Vol

a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

2019 Volume 8

Abstract: Background: Regarding the strong auditory spatial plasticity capability of the central auditory system and the effect of short-term and long-term rehabilitation programs in elderly people, it seems that an auditory spatial training can help this ... ...

Abstract	Background: Regarding the strong auditory spatial plasticity capability of the central auditory system and the effect of short-term and long-term rehabilitation programs in elderly people, it seems that an auditory spatial training can help this population in informational masking release and better track speech in noisy environments. The main purposes of this study are developing an informational masking measurement test and an auditory spatial training program. Protocol: This study will be conducted in two parts. Part 1: develop and determine the validity of an informational masking measurement test by recruiting two groups of young (n=50) and old (n=50) participants with normal hearing who have no difficulty in understanding speech in noisy environments. Part 2 (clinical trial): two groups of 60-75-year-olds with normal hearing, who complain about difficulty in speech perception in noisy environments, will participate as control and intervention groups to examine the effect of auditory spatial training. Intervention: 15 sessions of auditory spatial training. The informational masking measurement test and Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale will be compared before intervention, immediately after intervention, and five weeks after intervention between the two groups. Discussion: Since auditory training programs do not deal with informational masking release, an auditory spatial training will be designed, aiming to improve hearing in noisy environments for elderly populations. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20190118042404N1) on 25th February 2019.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	F1000 Research Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Impact of Report writing Training on the Quality of Auditory Reporting in Audiology Students and Graduates of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 1396-1398

maryam Delfi / Marzieh Amiri / Arash Bayat / Mojtaba Tavakoli / Fatemeh Taheri / Sahar Shamil Shoshtari

آموزش پزشکی, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 16-

2020 Volume 20

Abstract: ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Report writing is a necessary framework for presentation of audio logical test results. One of the methods of teaching report writing is workshops. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of ... ...

Abstract	ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Report writing is a necessary framework for presentation of audio logical test results. One of the methods of teaching report writing is workshops. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of report writing on the quality of audiology reporting in Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. METHODS: This study is a quasi-experimental (before and after). 57 audiologists participated in the report writing workshop and completed pre- and post-test questions. A checklist was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and Wilcoxon statistical test was used to compare the results before and after the intervention. FINDINGS: The findings of this study showed following report writing training, the mean scores before and after the training showed a significant difference (P<0.001). And in all items improves the quality of reporting in audiology tests. CONCLUSION: Based on this findings, report writing training improves the quality of reporting in audiologists, and given that there isn't formal training in this field, it is recommended to provide a workshop for all students in audiology.
Keywords	education ; report writing ; auditory ; Medicine ; R ; L
Subject code	420
Language	Persian
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Babol University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Veracity of Troponin Test Requests for Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Chest Pain; A Clinical Audit

Anita Sabzghabaei / Majid Shojaee / Marzieh Amiri / Neda Akhoundzadeh / Saeed Safari

Advanced Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol 1, Iss

2017 Volume 1

Abstract: Introduction: Troponin test is one of the methods for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome, but the overuse and misuse of this test has increased the costs imposed on the health system and the patients. Objective: The present study was conducted to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Troponin test is one of the methods for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome, but the overuse and misuse of this test has increased the costs imposed on the health system and the patients. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the veracity of troponin test requests for patients presenting to an emergency department with chest pain and examine the effectiveness of training emergency medicine assistants in reducing unnecessary and inappropriate requests in emergency departments. Methods: This clinical audit was conducted in the emergency department of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, in 2014. Sampling was carried out using the census method and all the cases presenting to the emergency department for whom a troponin test was requested by the emergency medical assistants were included in the research. First, the veracity of the current troponin test requests was assessed; then, training was given to the personnel, and the veracity of the troponin test requests was once again verified after the training was completed. The rate of veracious troponin requests for the patients was measured based on two factors, including the interval between the patients’ admission and the troponin test request, and the interval between the onset of pain and the troponin test request. The veracity of the troponin test request was compared before and after training using the Phi test and Cramer’s V test in IBM SPSS-21. Results: This study examined a total of 500 patients (250 before training and 250 after), who had a mean age of 57.65±18.15 years, including 51.6% men. Significant differences were observed between the mean time of the patients’ admission and the overall and post-training troponin test results (P=0.000), and also between the mean time of the onset of pain and the overall and post-training troponin test results (P=0.000). The number of positive troponin test results did not differ significantly between the patients in either of the two stages (P=0.39). Conclusion: Unnecessary troponin test requests reduced significantly after this clinical audit in the examined emergency department.
Keywords	Chest pain ; Clinical audit ; Emergency department ; Internship and Residency ; Troponin ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Neonatal hearing screening program in Ahvaz, Southern Iran

Marzieh Amiri / Zohreh Ghoochani / Mohammad Hossein Haghighizadeh / Zohreh Nilehchi

Auditory and Vestibular Research, Vol 22, Iss

2017 Volume 4

Abstract: Background and Aim: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) established standards for neonatal hearing screening programs in 1999. The main purpose of this study was to achieve exact statistical data of this program in Ahvaz, Iran, and to compare these ... ...

Abstract	Background and Aim: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) established standards for neonatal hearing screening programs in 1999. The main purpose of this study was to achieve exact statistical data of this program in Ahvaz, Iran, and to compare these results with the standards of American Academy of Pediatrics. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the data of neonatal hearing program in Ahvaz west health center from 2008 to 2011 were reviewed. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics. Results: From 25073 neonates, 25 had hearing loss. The false positive and referral ratio to the diagnosis stage were 2.6 and 0.48 percent, respectively. 92 percent of hard of hearing infants were diagnosed before three months of life. Conclusion: In comparison with the standards of American Academy of Pediatrics, all of the items, except two, were included completely or relatively complete. But, more efforts must be done to achieve the whole standards which are available.
Keywords	Screening ; hearing loss ; neonates ; Ahvaz ; Iran ; Medicine ; R ; Surgery ; RD1-811
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: نقش پلاستیسیتی کراس مدال در سیستم شنوایی و بینایی

Marzieh Amiri / Marzieh Kardouni / Mahsa Bakhit

مجله پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی, Vol 10, Iss 8, Pp 948-

2015 Volume 63

Abstract: مقدمه: نروپلاستی سیتی توانایی سیستم عصبی در ایجاد تغییر و ترمیم پس از وقوع آسیب است. وقتی یکی از مدالیته های حسی حذف می شود در رفتار سایر مدالیته ها و عملکرد کورتیکال آن ها تغییراتی ایجاد می شود، به گونه ای که پردازش این مدالیته ها علاوه بر کورتکس ... ...

Abstract	مقدمه: نروپلاستی سیتی توانایی سیستم عصبی در ایجاد تغییر و ترمیم پس از وقوع آسیب است. وقتی یکی از مدالیته های حسی حذف می شود در رفتار سایر مدالیته ها و عملکرد کورتیکال آن ها تغییراتی ایجاد می شود، به گونه ای که پردازش این مدالیته ها علاوه بر کورتکس اختصاصی ِ مربوط به پردازش آن، به سایر مناطق مغز که ورودی حس خود را دریافت نمی کنند نیز گسترش می یابد و برای آن منطقه از مغز که از ورودی حسی خود محروم شده است فرآیندی جبرانی صورت می پذیرد. به این پدیده پلاستی سیتی کراس مدال گفته میشود. این پژوهش به بررسی جوانب مختلف پلاستی سیتی کراس مدال بین سیستم های شنوایی و بینایی و آخرین یافته های علمی در این زمینه میپردازد. مواد و روش ها: مقالات موجود در پایگاه های استنادی Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, با استفاده از کلیدواژه های Neuro- plasticity and Auditory, Neuro-plasticity and Visual, Neuro-plasticity در فواصل سالهای 1980 تا 2013 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: پس از بررسی چکیده و محتوای مقالات، از مجموع 95 مقاله به دست آمده، تعداد 70 مقاله با محتوای مورد نظر به دست آمده و به طور کامل بررسی شد. نتیجه گیری: درجات پلاستی سیتی کرال مدال به سن وقوع محرومیت در آن حس خاص وابسته است. در افراد نابینا حواس شنوایی و سوماتوسنسوری به اشغال فضاهای اکسی پیتال می پردازند و موجب تقویت فعالیت هایی نظیر شنیدن، بازیابی اطلاعات از حافظه، مکان یابی های فضایی، درک موسیقی و درک خط بریل میشوند. در افراد ناشنوا نیز حواس بینایی و سوماتوسنسوری بخش هایی از لوب تمپورال را به خود اختصاص داده و و فعالیت هایی نظیر لوکالیزاسیون بینایی، پردازش محرکات بینایی محیطی، تقویت حس لامسه و پردازش حرکت را تقویت میکنند. واژه های کلیدی: پلاستی سیتی نرونال، پلاستی سیتی کراس مدال، بینایی، شنوایی
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
Language	Persian
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Vesnu Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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