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  1. Article ; Online: Nourishing the gut: the impact of diet on host-gut microbiota interaction.

    Masi, Davide / Le Roy, Tiphaine / Adriouch, Solia / Clément, Karine

    Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Understanding the spectrum of drivers that influence the gut microbiome (GM) remains a crucial field of investigation. Among these factors, diet has received particular attention, as it could explain up to 20% of the variability in GM ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Understanding the spectrum of drivers that influence the gut microbiome (GM) remains a crucial field of investigation. Among these factors, diet has received particular attention, as it could explain up to 20% of the variability in GM composition between individuals. This review focuses on the complex relationships between different dietary patterns and GM in humans, based on recent findings.
    Recent findings: Current evidence underscores the multifaceted impact of diet on GM richness, diversity, and overall composition. Key contributing factors encompass dietary habits, nutritional interventions, food quality and variety, macronutrient distribution, timing of feeding, and selective exclusion of certain foods.
    Summary: The intricate interplay between diet and GM is of fundamental importance in shaping the interaction between the host and the environment. Further understanding the causal impact of diet on GM has promising potential for the advancement of strategies to promote health and mitigate cardio-metabolic disease risks through dietary interventions.
    Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/COCN/A21.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1460178-3
    ISSN 1473-6519 ; 1363-1950
    ISSN (online) 1473-6519
    ISSN 1363-1950
    DOI 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001009
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    Zs.A 5586: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article: Genome Editing and Obesity.

    Masi, Davide / Tozzi, Rossella / Watanabe, Mikiko

    Advances in experimental medicine and biology

    2022  Volume 1396, Page(s) 179–190

    Abstract: Defined as a condition of body fat excess leading to significant morbidity, obesity is a chronic metabolic illness associated with a significant number of diseases. The incidence of obesity does not solely depend on dietary habits, with energy balance ... ...

    Abstract Defined as a condition of body fat excess leading to significant morbidity, obesity is a chronic metabolic illness associated with a significant number of diseases. The incidence of obesity does not solely depend on dietary habits, with energy balance being regulated by the complex interactions between genetic, behavioural and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have demonstrated that several genes are linked to obesity, and these findings shed light on a growing number of novel potential therapeutics for weight management, including genome editing. In this regard, the cutting-edge technology known as clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas), thanks to its ability to edit DNA or modulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells, undoubtedly enables to understand the genetic mechanisms implicated in obesity and could be a promising tool for its treatment. This chapter summarizes the genetics underlying obesity and currently available obesity treatments, further discussing the research progress of genome editing in the knowledge and treatment of body fat excess.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Gene Editing ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Obesity/genetics ; Obesity/therapy ; Adipose Tissue ; Eukaryotic Cells
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
    ISSN (online) 2214-8019
    ISSN 0065-2598
    DOI 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_12
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  3. Article ; Online: Upper small intestine microbiome in obesity and related metabolic disorders: A new field of investigation.

    Steinbach, Emilie / Masi, Davide / Ribeiro, Agnès / Serradas, Patricia / Le Roy, Tiphaine / Clément, Karine

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2023  Volume 150, Page(s) 155712

    Abstract: The study of the gut microbiome holds great promise for understanding and treating metabolic diseases, as its functions and derived metabolites can influence the metabolic status of the host. While research on the fecal microbiome has provided valuable ... ...

    Abstract The study of the gut microbiome holds great promise for understanding and treating metabolic diseases, as its functions and derived metabolites can influence the metabolic status of the host. While research on the fecal microbiome has provided valuable insights, it tells us only part of the story. This limitation arises from the substantial variations in microorganism distribution throughout the gastrointestinal tract due to changes in physicochemical conditions. Thus, relying solely on the fecal microbiome may not be sufficient to draw comprehensive conclusions about metabolic diseases. The proximal part of the small intestine, particularly the jejunum, indeed, serves as the crucial site for digestion and absorption of nutrients, suggesting a potential role of its microbiome in metabolic regulation. Unfortunately, it remains relatively underexplored due to limited accessibility. This review presents current evidence regarding the relationships between the microbiome in the upper small intestine and various phenotypes, focusing on obesity and type 2 diabetes, in both humans and rodents. Research on humans is still limited with variability in the population and methods used. Accordingly, to better understand the role of the whole gut microbiome in metabolic diseases, studies exploring the human microbiome in different niches are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Microbiota ; Metabolic Diseases/metabolism ; Obesity/therapy ; Intestine, Small/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155712
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Uc I Zs.316: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Above‐ and below‐ground responses to experimental climate forcing in two forb species from montane wooded pastures in Switzerland

    Vollenweider, Pierre / Hildbrand, Géraldine / De Masi, Davide / Gavazov, Konstantin / Zufferey, Vivian / Buttler, Alexandre / von Arx, Georg

    Functional Ecology. 2023 Feb., v. 37, no. 2 p.432-446

    2023  

    Abstract: Mountain ecosystems are particularly threatened by ongoing climate change and the species composition of high elevation grasslands is already changing. An open research question is how these ecosystems will adapt to changes in their key environmental ... ...

    Abstract Mountain ecosystems are particularly threatened by ongoing climate change and the species composition of high elevation grasslands is already changing. An open research question is how these ecosystems will adapt to changes in their key environmental constraints. The responses of wooded pastures to experimental climate forcing were analysed in a transplantation experiment conducted downslope, along an elevational temperature and precipitation gradient on the lee side of Jura Mountains, Switzerland (up to +4.17°C and −35% precipitation). To improve mechanistic understanding of biodiversity and biomass decreases in response to transplantation, changes in functional traits within foliage and roots of one ubiquitous (Taraxacum officinale) and one montane (Alchemilla monticola) perennial forb species were investigated. In consequence of transplantation, the two studied species raised their temperature optimum for CO₂ assimilation and net photosynthesis yield from 20 to 30°C. During cool periods, the highest rates of leaf gas exchanges were measured at the lower recipient sites. However, an opposite trend was observed during a spring drought and summer warm spell. Regarding the more integrative morpho‐anatomical traits, Alchemilla primarily acclimated to warmer temperatures at the recipient sites with increased leaf and foliage rosette size. Missing xeromorphic and/or hydraulic adjustments in foliage and roots, its susceptibility to higher vapour pressure deficits and lower soil moisture availability was thus enhanced. Taraxacum showed adjustments to both warmer temperature and lower moisture availability, including reduced leaf size, lower hydraulic diameter of xylem vessels and theoretical specific hydraulic conductivity. The anticipated shift in the environmental conditions at high elevation, with reduced coldness limitation but increasingly constraining water economy, could thus become particularly demanding for montane species of wooded pastures. It may favour perennials with large phenotypic plasticity but leads to maladjustments and loss of the species which are more specifically adapted to montane conditions. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
    Keywords Alchemilla ; Taraxacum officinale ; altitude ; atmospheric precipitation ; biomass ; carbon dioxide ; climate ; climate change ; drought ; forbs ; hydraulic conductivity ; leaf area ; leaves ; phenotypic plasticity ; photosynthesis ; soil water ; species diversity ; spring ; temperature ; vapor pressure ; xylem ; Switzerland
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-02
    Size p. 432-446.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2020307-X
    ISSN 1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
    ISSN (online) 1365-2435
    ISSN 0269-8463
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2435.14212
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  5. Article ; Online: Obesity-Associated Hepatic Steatosis, Somatotropic Axis Impairment, and Ferritin Levels Are Strong Predictors of COVID-19 Severity.

    Masi, Davide / Gangitano, Elena / Criniti, Anna / Ballesio, Laura / Anzuini, Antonella / Marino, Luca / Gnessi, Lucio / Angeloni, Antonio / Gandini, Orietta / Lubrano, Carla

    Viruses

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 2

    Abstract: The full spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients has not yet been defined. This study aimed to evaluate which parameters derived from CT, inflammatory, and hormonal markers could explain the clinical variability of COVID-19. We performed a retrospective ...

    Abstract The full spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients has not yet been defined. This study aimed to evaluate which parameters derived from CT, inflammatory, and hormonal markers could explain the clinical variability of COVID-19. We performed a retrospective study including SARS-CoV-2-infected patients hospitalized from March 2020 to May 2021 at the Umberto I Polyclinic of Rome. Patients were divided into four groups according to the degree of respiratory failure. Routine laboratory examinations, BMI, liver steatosis indices, liver CT attenuation, ferritin, and IGF-1 serum levels were assessed and correlated with severity. Analysis of variance between groups showed that patients with worse prognoses had higher BMI and ferritin levels, but lower liver density, albumin, GH, and IGF-1. ROC analysis confirmed the prognostic accuracy of IGF-1 in discriminating between patients who experienced death/severe respiratory failure and those who did not (AUC 0.688, CI: 0.587 to 0.789,
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; Fatty Liver/diagnosis ; Ferritins ; Obesity/complications
    Chemical Substances Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (67763-96-6) ; Ferritins (9007-73-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v15020488
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  6. Article: Uncovering Predictors of Lipid Goal Attainment in Type 2 Diabetes Outpatients Using Logic Learning Machine: Insights from the AMD Annals and AMD Artificial Intelligence Study Group.

    Masi, Davide / Zilich, Rita / Candido, Riccardo / Giancaterini, Annalisa / Guaita, Giacomo / Muselli, Marco / Ponzani, Paola / Santin, Pierluigi / Verda, Damiano / Musacchio, Nicoletta

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 12

    Abstract: Identifying and treating lipid abnormalities is crucial for preventing cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients, yet only two-thirds of patients reach recommended cholesterol levels. Elucidating the factors associated with lipid goal attainment ... ...

    Abstract Identifying and treating lipid abnormalities is crucial for preventing cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients, yet only two-thirds of patients reach recommended cholesterol levels. Elucidating the factors associated with lipid goal attainment represents an unmet clinical need. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a real-world analysis of the lipid profiles of 11.252 patients from the Annals of the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD) database from 2005 to 2019. We used a Logic Learning Machine (LLM) to extract and classify the most relevant variables predicting the achievement of a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) value lower than 100 mg/dL (2.60 mmol/L) within two years of the start of lipid-lowering therapy. Our analysis showed that 61.4% of the patients achieved the treatment goal. The LLM model demonstrated good predictive performance, with a precision of 0.78, accuracy of 0.69, recall of 0.70, F1 Score of 0.74, and ROC-AUC of 0.79. The most significant predictors of achieving the treatment goal were LDL-C values at the start of lipid-lowering therapy and their reduction after six months. Other predictors of a greater likelihood of reaching the target included high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, albuminuria, and body mass index at baseline, as well as younger age, male sex, more follow-up visits, no therapy discontinuation, higher Q-score, lower blood glucose and HbA1c levels, and the use of anti-hypertensive medication. At baseline, for each LDL-C range analysed, the LLM model also provided the minimum reduction that needs to be achieved by the next six-month visit to increase the likelihood of reaching the therapeutic goal within two years. These findings could serve as a useful tool to inform therapeutic decisions and to encourage further in-depth analysis and testing.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12124095
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  7. Article: Ketone Bodies and SIRT1, Synergic Epigenetic Regulators for Metabolic Health: A Narrative Review

    Tozzi, Rossella / Cipriani, Fiammetta / Masi, Davide / Basciani, Sabrina / Watanabe, Mikiko / Lubrano, Carla / Gnessi, Lucio / Mariani, Stefania

    Nutrients. 2022 July 30, v. 14, no. 15

    2022  

    Abstract: Ketone bodies (KBs) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) have received increasing attention over the past two decades given their pivotal function in a variety of biological contexts, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, inflammation, ... ...

    Abstract Ketone bodies (KBs) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) have received increasing attention over the past two decades given their pivotal function in a variety of biological contexts, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, inflammation, metabolism, neurological and cardiovascular physiology, and cancer. As a consequence, the modulation of KBs and SIRT1 is considered a promising therapeutic option for many diseases. The direct regulation of gene expression can occur in vivo through histone modifications mediated by both SIRT1 and KBs during fasting or low-carbohydrate diets, and dietary metabolites may contribute to epigenetic regulation, leading to greater genomic plasticity. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the epigenetic interactions between KBs and SIRT1, with a particular glance at their central, synergistic roles for metabolic health.
    Keywords cell cycle ; epigenetics ; gene expression regulation ; genomics ; histones ; inflammation ; metabolism ; plasticity ; sirtuins ; therapeutics ; transcription (genetics)
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0730
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu14153145
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Is obesity the missing link between COVID-19 severity and air pollution?

    Lubrano, Carla / Risi, Renata / Masi, Davide / Gnessi, Lucio / Colao, Annamaria

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

    2020  Volume 266, Issue Pt 3, Page(s) 115327

    Abstract: In the previous publication "Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy?" Conticini et al. hypothesized that the surplus of lethality of the novel SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Italy may ...

    Abstract In the previous publication "Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy?" Conticini et al. hypothesized that the surplus of lethality of the novel SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Italy may be at least in part explained by the evidence of highest pollution reported in this area, as both severe COVID-19 and smog exposure are correlated to an innate immune system hyper-activation with subsequent lung inflammation and injury. Since this hypothesis alone does not fully explain why specific subgroups of patients are at major risk, we hypothesized that obesity may be one of the links between COVID-19 severity and high level of air pollution. First, obesity is a predisposing factor for SARS-Cov-2 infection and worse COVID-19 outcomes, and unequivocal evidence demonstrated that fat mass excess is independently associated with several pulmonary diseases and lung inflammation. Moreover, it has been shown that obesity may intensify the detrimental effects of air pollution on the lungs, and this is not surprising if we consider that these conditions share an excessive activation of the immune system and a lung inflammatory infiltrate. Finally, fat mass excess has also been speculated to be itself a consequence of air pollutants exposure, which has been proved to induce metabolic disruption and weight gain in murine models. In conclusion, although many variables must be taken into account in the analysis of the pandemic, our observations suggest that obesity may act as effect modifier of smog-induced lung-injury, and the concomitant presence of these two factors could better explain the higher virulence, faster spread and greater mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Italy compared to the rest of the country.
    MeSH term(s) Air Pollution ; Animals ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Italy ; Mice ; Obesity ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115327
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2599: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  9. Article: Is obesity the missing link between COVID-19 severity and air pollution?

    Lubrano, Carla / Risi, Renata / Masi, Davide / Gnessi, Lucio / Colao, Annamaria

    Environmental pollution. 2020 Nov., v. 266

    2020  

    Abstract: In the previous publication “Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy?” Conticini et al. hypothesized that the surplus of lethality of the novel SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Italy may ...

    Abstract In the previous publication “Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy?” Conticini et al. hypothesized that the surplus of lethality of the novel SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Italy may be at least in part explained by the evidence of highest pollution reported in this area, as both severe COVID-19 and smog exposure are correlated to an innate immune system hyper-activation with subsequent lung inflammation and injury. Since this hypothesis alone does not fully explain why specific subgroups of patients are at major risk, we hypothesized that obesity may be one of the links between COVID-19 severity and high level of air pollution. First, obesity is a predisposing factor for SARS-Cov-2 infection and worse COVID-19 outcomes, and unequivocal evidence demonstrated that fat mass excess is independently associated with several pulmonary diseases and lung inflammation. Moreover, it has been shown that obesity may intensify the detrimental effects of air pollution on the lungs, and this is not surprising if we consider that these conditions share an excessive activation of the immune system and a lung inflammatory infiltrate. Finally, fat mass excess has also been speculated to be itself a consequence of air pollutants exposure, which has been proved to induce metabolic disruption and weight gain in murine models. In conclusion, although many variables must be taken into account in the analysis of the pandemic, our observations suggest that obesity may act as effect modifier of smog-induced lung-injury, and the concomitant presence of these two factors could better explain the higher virulence, faster spread and greater mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in Northern Italy compared to the rest of the country.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; air ; air pollution ; death ; immune system ; inflammation ; innate immunity ; lungs ; mice ; mortality ; obesity ; pandemic ; risk ; smog pollution ; virulence ; weight gain ; Italy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-11
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115327
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  10. Article ; Online: Ketone Bodies and SIRT1, Synergic Epigenetic Regulators for Metabolic Health: A Narrative Review.

    Tozzi, Rossella / Cipriani, Fiammetta / Masi, Davide / Basciani, Sabrina / Watanabe, Mikiko / Lubrano, Carla / Gnessi, Lucio / Mariani, Stefania

    Nutrients

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 15

    Abstract: Ketone bodies (KBs) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) have received increasing attention over the past two decades given their pivotal function in a variety of biological contexts, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, inflammation, ... ...

    Abstract Ketone bodies (KBs) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) have received increasing attention over the past two decades given their pivotal function in a variety of biological contexts, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, inflammation, metabolism, neurological and cardiovascular physiology, and cancer. As a consequence, the modulation of KBs and SIRT1 is considered a promising therapeutic option for many diseases. The direct regulation of gene expression can occur in vivo through histone modifications mediated by both SIRT1 and KBs during fasting or low-carbohydrate diets, and dietary metabolites may contribute to epigenetic regulation, leading to greater genomic plasticity. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the epigenetic interactions between KBs and SIRT1, with a particular glance at their central, synergistic roles for metabolic health.
    MeSH term(s) Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Fasting ; Ketone Bodies/metabolism ; Sirtuin 1/genetics ; Sirtuin 1/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Ketone Bodies ; Sirtuin 1 (EC 3.5.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu14153145
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