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  1. Article ; Online: Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in natural immunity and vaccination against infectious diseases in humans.

    Masina, Nomawethu / Bekiswa, Abulele / Shey, Muki

    Current opinion in immunology

    2021  Volume 71, Page(s) 1–5

    Abstract: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are subsets of T cells abundant in human mucosal tissues and in blood. These cells are activated directly by cytokines or by vitamin B metabolites antigen presentation. MAIT cells possess antimicrobial ... ...

    Abstract Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are subsets of T cells abundant in human mucosal tissues and in blood. These cells are activated directly by cytokines or by vitamin B metabolites antigen presentation. MAIT cells possess antimicrobial potential against viruses and bacteria through production of cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. MAIT cells generally reduce in numbers and function during viral and bacterial infections/diseases. Mice and humans lacking MAIT cells cannot effectively control bacterial infections. MAIT cells respond rapidly to infections and are rapidly recruited to the site of vaccination or infection including the lungs where they can be involved in controlling local inflammation. These characteristics of MAIT cells offer them a unique potential to be explored as potential targets for vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacterial Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Inflammation/immunology ; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines/immunology
    Chemical Substances Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1035767-1
    ISSN 1879-0372 ; 0952-7915
    ISSN (online) 1879-0372
    ISSN 0952-7915
    DOI 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2773: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MG 13: Show issues

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  2. Article ; Online: Mycobacterial-specific secretion of cytokines and chemokines in healthcare workers with apparent resistance to infection with

    Shey, Muki Shehu / Balfour, Avuyonke / Masina, Nomawethu / Bekiswa, Abulele / Schutz, Charlotte / Goliath, Rene / Dielle, Rachel / Katoto, Patrick Dmc / Wilkinson, Katalin Andrea / Lewinsohn, David / Lewinsohn, Deborah Anne / Meintjes, Graeme

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1176615

    Abstract: Background: Currently, diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) is based on the secretion of IFN-γ in response to : Methods: We enrolled HIV-uninfected healthcare workers who had worked in high TB-exposure environments for 5 years or longer. We ... ...

    Abstract Background: Currently, diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) is based on the secretion of IFN-γ in response to
    Methods: We enrolled HIV-uninfected healthcare workers who had worked in high TB-exposure environments for 5 years or longer. We screened them for LTBI using the tuberculin skin test and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assay. We performed multiplex Luminex to measure concentrations of T cell-associated cytokines and chemokines as well as total antibodies in plasma collected from unstimulated fresh whole blood and supernatants from QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus tubes following incubation of whole blood for 16-24 hours with ESAT6/CFP10 peptides.
    Results: Samples from 78 individuals were analyzed: 33 resisters (TST<10mm; IGRA<0.35 IU/mL), 33 with LTBI (TST≥10mm and IGRA≥0.35 IU/mL) and 12 discordant (TST=0mm; IGRA≥1.0 IU/mL). There were no differences in concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in plasma between the different groups. Resisters had significantly lower concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, ITAC, IL-13 and GM-CSF in supernatants compared with LTBI group. There were no significant differences in the concentrations in supernatants of IL-10, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23, MIP-3α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, Fractalkine and IL-12p70 between the groups. We observed that resisters had similar concentrations of total antibodies (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgM) in plasma and supernatants compared to the LTBI and discordant groups.
    Conclusion: Resistance to Mtb infection despite sustained exposure is associated with lower Mtb-specific secretion of Th1-associated cytokines and chemokines. However, resisters showed secreted concentrations after Mtb stimulation of total antibodies and cytokines/chemokines associated with innate and Th17 immune responses similar to those with Mtb infection. This suggests an ability to mount non-IFN-γ immune responses to Mtb in apparent resisters.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Cytokines ; Tuberculosis ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Tuberculin Test ; Latent Infection
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176615
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Myocardial extracellular volume fraction is positively associated with activated monocyte subsets among cART-treated persons living with HIV in South Africa.

    Peterson, Tess E / Shey, Muki / Masina, Nomawethu / Wong, Lye-Yeng / Shuldiner, Scott R / Wolfson, Julian / Jermy, Stephen / Saad, Hadil / Lumbamba, Mbalabu A J / Singh, Achita / Meintjes, Graeme / Ntusi, Ntobeko A B / Ntsekhe, Mpiko / Baker, Jason V

    International journal of cardiology

    2023  Volume 392, Page(s) 131332

    Abstract: Background: Despite treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of cardiac structural abnormalities that may presage clinical heart failure, including myocardial fibrosis. This study ... ...

    Abstract Background: Despite treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of cardiac structural abnormalities that may presage clinical heart failure, including myocardial fibrosis. This study assessed whether circulating cellular and soluble protein markers of immune activation cross-sectionally associate with myocardial fibrosis among cART-treated PLWH in South Africa.
    Methods: Participants were enrolled in Khayelitsha township near Cape Town, SA. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Plasma protein biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays and monocyte phenotypes were evaluated using flow cytometry. Associations were assessed using multivariable linear and logistic regression.
    Results: Among 69 cART-treated PLWH, mean (SD) age was 48 (10) years, 71% were female, and time since HIV diagnosis was 9 (6) years. Evidence of left ventricular fibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement was present in 74% of participants and mean (SD) extracellular volume fraction (ECV) was 30.9 (5.9)%. Degree of myocardial fibrosis/inflammation measured by ECV was positively associated with percentages of circulating non-classical and intermediate monocyte phenotypes reflecting inflammation and tissue injury.
    Conclusion: These data generate hypotheses on possible immune mechanisms of HIV-associated non-ischemic myocardial disease, specifically among cART-treated PLWH in sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of the HIV burden exists globally.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Contrast Media ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Monocytes/pathology ; Gadolinium ; Myocardium/pathology ; Cardiomyopathies ; Fibrosis ; Inflammation/pathology ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine
    Chemical Substances Contrast Media ; Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 779519-1
    ISSN 1874-1754 ; 0167-5273
    ISSN (online) 1874-1754
    ISSN 0167-5273
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131332
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1673: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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