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  1. Article ; Online: Understanding the Interaction of Diet Quality with the Gut Microbiome and Their Effect on Disease.

    Maskarinec, Gertraud / Hullar, Meredith A J

    The Journal of nutrition

    2020  Volume 150, Issue 4, Page(s) 654–655

    MeSH term(s) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diet ; Diet, Healthy/mortality ; Diet, Mediterranean ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Dietary Fiber
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Introductory Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 218373-0
    ISSN 1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
    ISSN (online) 1541-6100
    ISSN 0022-3166
    DOI 10.1093/jn/nxaa015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The human mammary gland as a target for isoflavones: how does the relation vary in individuals with different ethnicity?

    Maskarinec, Gertraud

    Planta medica

    2013  Volume 79, Issue 7, Page(s) 554–561

    Abstract: Based on observational studies, it appears that soy food consumption provides protection against breast cancer primarily in Asian but not in Western populations. Given the problems in examining the effects of isoflavones directly in the human mammary ... ...

    Abstract Based on observational studies, it appears that soy food consumption provides protection against breast cancer primarily in Asian but not in Western populations. Given the problems in examining the effects of isoflavones directly in the human mammary gland, this review describes epidemiologic studies that investigated the association with biomarkers reflecting hormonal activity of isoflavones, in particular sex steroid levels, mammographic densities, nipple aspirate fluid, and tissue specimens from biopsies or surgeries. Three possible mechanisms that may be responsible for ethnic-specific health effects from these compounds are discussed: genetic variation in metabolic enzymes, timing of exposure, and intestinal metabolism by microbiota. Only a limited number of comparative studies and even fewer nutritional interventions have examined effects and addressed differences in biomarkers between Asian and Western populations. Investigations that looked at estrogens and mammographic densities as endpoints observed some associations in Asian women that were not seen in Caucasians. On the other hand, the low rate of nipple aspirate fluid production and a lack of breast tissue studies make it impossible to evaluate effects of isoflavones on these biomarkers in Asian women. Based on the current evidence, it appears likely that the timing of exposure is the most important determinant of beneficial health effects from soy foods. This may be the result of gut microbiota, which colonize the intestine during childhood and facilitates the hydrolysis of glycosides and the formation of equol from dadzein, a pathway that may result in beneficial health effects. The current evidence is insufficient to answer the question whether women of diverse ethnic groups experience distinct effects from soy isoflavones in breast tissue, but as knowledge about the role of early life nutrition and the development of gut microbiota increases, the potential for diverse metabolic pathways of isoflavones in individuals with different ethnic backgrounds and dietary exposures may be clarified.
    MeSH term(s) Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast Neoplasms/ethnology ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Isoflavones/pharmacology ; Isoflavones/therapeutic use ; Mammary Glands, Human/drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use ; Soy Foods
    Chemical Substances Isoflavones ; Plant Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-05
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 123545-x
    ISSN 1439-0221 ; 0032-0943
    ISSN (online) 1439-0221
    ISSN 0032-0943
    DOI 10.1055/s-0032-1327953
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Metabolomics profiles of premenopausal women are different based on

    Frankenfeld, Cara L / Maskarinec, Gertraud / Franke, Adrian A

    The British journal of nutrition

    2021  Volume 128, Issue 8, Page(s) 1490–1498

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Urinary
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Equol/metabolism ; Cross-Over Studies ; Isoflavones ; Premenopause/metabolism ; Metabolomics
    Chemical Substances O-desmethylangolensin (SCY1S10OK4) ; Equol (531-95-3) ; Isoflavones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 280396-3
    ISSN 1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
    ISSN (online) 1475-2662
    ISSN 0007-1145
    DOI 10.1017/S0007114521004463
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Systematic review: Current evidence suggests phyto-oestrogens are safe and well tolerated by postmenopausal women, with moderately increased risk of adverse gastrointestinal effects compared with placebo.

    Maskarinec, Gertraud

    Evidence-based medicine

    2010  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 55–56

    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1324346-9
    ISSN 1473-6810 ; 1356-5524
    ISSN (online) 1473-6810
    ISSN 1356-5524
    DOI 10.1136/ebm1055
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Interethnic Differences in Bladder Cancer Incidence and the Association between Type 2 Diabetes and Bladder Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

    Bogumil, David / Cortessis, Victoria K / Wilkens, Lynne R / Le Marchand, Loïc / Haiman, Christopher A / Maskarinec, Gertraud / Setiawan, Veronica Wendy

    Cancer research communications

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) 755–762

    Abstract: Background: Research on the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and bladder cancer (BCA) risk among non-European ancestry populations is sparse to nonexistent, and most prior studies rely on a single baseline assessment of T2D status.: Methods: ...

    Abstract Background: Research on the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and bladder cancer (BCA) risk among non-European ancestry populations is sparse to nonexistent, and most prior studies rely on a single baseline assessment of T2D status.
    Methods: We estimated the T2D-BCA association using the Multiethnic Cohort Study of 185,059 men and women in California and Hawaii. Participants were African American, European American, Japanese American, Latin American, and Native Hawaiian, ages 45-75 years at enrollment (1993-1996). T2D was assessed by self-report at baseline, follow-up surveys, and Medicare claims. Cases were identified using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program cancer registries through 2016. Associations were estimated by race/ethnicity using Cox proportional hazards regression. Adjusted attributable fractions (AAF) and cumulative absolute risk of bladder cancer were estimated across groups.
    Results: Over an average 19.7 years of follow-up 1,890 incident bladder cancer cases were diagnosed. Time-varying T2D was associated with bladder cancer in the multiethnic sample (HR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.30); however, the HR did not differ by race/ethnicity (
    Conclusion: T2D is significantly associated with bladder cancer risk in a multiethnic sample.
    Significance: Those with T2D have higher incidence of bladder cancer, regardless of racial/ethnic group. Reducing T2D prevalence could substantially lower bladder cancer incidence among Native Hawaiians due to T2D being more common in this group. High absolute risk of bladder cancer among European Americans, regardless of T2D status, indicates that elevated bladder cancer risk in this group may be due to factors other than T2D. Future studies must explore reasons for this difference in incidence.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; United States/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Medicare ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2767-9764
    ISSN (online) 2767-9764
    DOI 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-22-0288
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in the Multiethnic Cohort.

    Maskarinec, Gertraud / Kristal, Bruce S / Wilkens, Lynne R / Quintal, Gino / Bogumil, David / Setiawan, Veronica W / Le Marchand, Loïc

    Canadian journal of diabetes

    2023  Volume 47, Issue 8, Page(s) 627–635.e2

    Abstract: Objectives: In this report, we investigated the association between established risk factors and type 2 diabetes (T2D) across 5 distinct ethnic groups and explored differences according to T2D definition within the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study.: ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: In this report, we investigated the association between established risk factors and type 2 diabetes (T2D) across 5 distinct ethnic groups and explored differences according to T2D definition within the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study.
    Methods: Using the full MEC, with participants in Hawaii and Los Angeles (N=172,230), we applied Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All participants completed questionnaires asking about demographics, anthropometrics, lifestyle factors, and regular diet. T2D status was determined from self-reported diagnosis/medication and Medicare claims. We assessed the associations between well-established risk factors and T2D in the full cohort, after stratification by ethnic group, according to the T2D definition, and in a biorepository subset. Effect modification by ethnicity was evaluated using Wald's tests.
    Results: Overall, 46,500 (27%) participants had an incident T2D diagnosis after a mean follow-up of 17.1±6.9 years. All predictors were significantly associated with T2D: overweight (HR=1.74), obesity (HR=2.90), red meat intake (HR=1.15), short (HR=1.04) and long (HR=1.08) sleep duration, and smoking (HR=1.26) predicted a significantly higher T2D incidence, whereas coffee (HR=0.90) and alcohol (HR=0.78) consumption, physical activity (HR=0.89), and diet quality (HR=0.96) were associated with lower T2D incidence. The strength of these associations was similar across ethnic groups with noteworthy disparities for overweight/obesity, physical activity, alcohol intake, coffee consumption, and diet quality.
    Conclusions: These findings confirm the importance of known risk factors for T2D across ethnic groups, but small differences were detected that may contribute to disparate incidence rates in some ethnic groups, especially for obesity and physical activity.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Humans ; United States ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Coffee ; Overweight ; Medicare ; Risk Factors ; Diet ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Incidence
    Chemical Substances Coffee
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-03
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2352-3840
    ISSN (online) 2352-3840
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.06.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Diet Quality and Body Mass Index Over 20 Years in the Multiethnic Cohort

    Tsuzaki, Jenna / Maskarinec, Gertraud / Mapa, Victoria / Shvetsov, Yurii B. / Park, Song-Yi / Monroe, Kristine Robinson / Lim, Unhee / Le Marchand, Loïc / Boushey, Carol J.

    Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2023 Feb. 07,

    2023  

    Abstract: With increasing rates of overweight/obesity and disparities by ethnicity, it is important to understand the role of diet in ameliorating this health problem. The current study examined the relation of diet quality as measured by the Healthy Eating Index ( ...

    Abstract With increasing rates of overweight/obesity and disparities by ethnicity, it is important to understand the role of diet in ameliorating this health problem. The current study examined the relation of diet quality as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 with BMI and obesity among participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) in cross-sectional analyses at 3 time points (T-1 to T-3) over 20 years. In a subset of 1,860 MEC participants, three cross-sectional analyses at cohort entry (1993-1996, T-1) and follow-ups in 2003-2008 (T-2) and 2013-2016 (T-3) were performed. The cohort consists of African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino, and White adults in Hawaii and California with a mean age of 48 years at T-1. BMI/weight status in relation to diet quality. Linear and multinomial logistic regressions were applied to analyze the relation of diet quality with BMI and obesity while adjusting for known confounders. HEI-2015 increased by 6.1 and 5.1 units for men and women from T-1 to T-3; the respective values for BMI were 1.5 and 2.4 kg/m². Diet quality was inversely associated with BMI across time: BMI was lower by -0.47, -0.72, and -0.92 units for every 10-point increase in HEI-2015 scores at T-1, T-2, and T-3 (p<0.0001 for all). During the 20 years, the association was consistently high among Japanese American participants (-0.79, -0.87, -1.02) and weakest in African American cohort members (-0.34, -0.37,-0.40). Higher diet quality was related to lower odds of having obesity at all 3 time points with prevalence odds ratios of 0.72, 0.57, and 0.60. These findings suggest that consuming a high-quality diet is related to a lower BMI and rates of overweight/obesity but with the strongest association at an older age. To understand the ethnic differences, investigations of dietary habits/behaviors and/or fat distribution patterns will be needed in the future.
    Keywords Hawaii ; Latinos ; body mass index ; diet ; dietetics ; food quality ; obesity ; California ; body mass index (BMI) ; diet quality ; multiethnic populations ; healthy eating index 2015 (HEI-2015)
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0207
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2646718-5
    ISSN 2212-2672
    ISSN 2212-2672
    DOI 10.1016/j.jand.2023.02.001
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Cancer protective properties of cocoa: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.

    Maskarinec, Gertraud

    Nutrition and cancer

    2009  Volume 61, Issue 5, Page(s) 573–579

    Abstract: Due to their high concentration of catechins and procyanidins, bioactive compounds with distinct properties, cocoa and chocolate products may have beneficial health effects against oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, risk factors for cancer and ... ...

    Abstract Due to their high concentration of catechins and procyanidins, bioactive compounds with distinct properties, cocoa and chocolate products may have beneficial health effects against oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, risk factors for cancer and other chronic diseases. This review focuses on the epidemiologic evidence for protective effects against cancer and overall mortality. The very small number of observational epidemiologic studies offers weak support for a reduction in mortality and little data related to cancer, whereas several intervention studies, despite their short duration, have reported some favorable changes in biomarkers assessing antioxidant status but very few findings related to inflammatory markers. In moderation, cocoa products may offer strong antioxidant effects in combination with a pleasurable eating experience. The benign profile of its fatty acids in combination with the low content of sugar of dark chocolate should lessen concerns about the adverse effects of cocoa products. Future nutritional trials need to assess a larger number of biomarkers that may be relevant for cancer risk, whereas epidemiologic studies require valid dietary assessment methods to examine the association of cocoa products with cancer risk in larger populations and to distinguish possible cancer protective effects of cocoa products from those due to other polyphenolic compounds.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage ; Anticarcinogenic Agents/administration & dosage ; Antioxidants/administration & dosage ; Cacao ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Anticarcinogenic Agents ; Antioxidants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 424433-3
    ISSN 1532-7914 ; 0163-5581
    ISSN (online) 1532-7914
    ISSN 0163-5581
    DOI 10.1080/01635580902825662
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: The Human Mammary Gland as a Target for Isoflavones: How Does the Relation Vary in Individuals with Different Ethnicity?

    Maskarinec, Gertraud

    Planta Medica

    2012  Volume 79, Issue 07, Page(s) 554–561

    Abstract: Based on observational studies, it appears that soy food consumption provides protection against breast cancer primarily in Asian but not in Western populations. Given the problems in examining the effects of isoflavones directly in the human mammary ... ...

    Abstract Based on observational studies, it appears that soy food consumption provides protection against breast cancer primarily in Asian but not in Western populations. Given the problems in examining the effects of isoflavones directly in the human mammary gland, this review describes epidemiologic studies that investigated the association with biomarkers reflecting hormonal activity of isoflavones, in particular sex steroid levels, mammographic densities, nipple aspirate fluid, and tissue specimens from biopsies or surgeries. Three possible mechanisms that may be responsible for ethnic-specific health effects from these compounds are discussed: genetic variation in metabolic enzymes, timing of exposure, and intestinal metabolism by microbiota. Only a limited number of comparative studies and even fewer nutritional interventions have examined effects and addressed differences in biomarkers between Asian and Western populations. Investigations that looked at estrogens and mammographic densities as endpoints observed some associations in Asian women that were not seen in Caucasians. On the other hand, the low rate of nipple aspirate fluid production and a lack of breast tissue studies make it impossible to evaluate effects of isoflavones on these biomarkers in Asian women. Based on the current evidence, it appears likely that the timing of exposure is the most important determinant of beneficial health effects from soy foods. This may be the result of gut microbiota, which colonize the intestine during childhood and facilitates the hydrolysis of glycosides and the formation of equol from dadzein, a pathway that may result in beneficial health effects. The current evidence is insufficient to answer the question whether women of diverse ethnic groups experience distinct effects from soy isoflavones in breast tissue, but as knowledge about the role of early life nutrition and the development of gut microbiota increases, the potential for diverse metabolic pathways of isoflavones in individuals with different ethnic backgrounds and dietary exposures may be clarified.
    Keywords soy isoflavones ; breast tissue ; cancer ; ethnicity ; estrogens ; biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-11-23
    Publisher Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 123545-x
    ISSN 1439-0221 ; 0032-0943
    ISSN (online) 1439-0221
    ISSN 0032-0943
    DOI 10.1055/s-0032-1327953
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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  10. Article ; Online: White Rice Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Among Japanese Americans: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

    Okada, Yuito / Park, Song-Yi / Wilkens, Lynne R / Maskarinec, Gertraud / Shvetsov, Yurii B / Haiman, Christopher / Le Marchand, Loïc

    Journal of epidemiology

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 170–176

    Abstract: Background: White rice is a staple food for Japanese, a population at high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the association between white rice intake and CRC among Japanese Americans in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study.: Methods: ... ...

    Abstract Background: White rice is a staple food for Japanese, a population at high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the association between white rice intake and CRC among Japanese Americans in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study.
    Methods: The MEC study is a prospective study established in Hawaii and California in 1993-1996. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of intake and to perform trend tests across sex-specific quartiles with adjustment for relevant confounders.
    Results: We identified 1,553 invasive CRC cases among 49,136 Japanese Americans (23,595 men and 25,541 women) during a mean follow-up of 19 years. White rice consumption was not associated with overall CRC incidence in men (P
    Conclusion: White rice consumption was not associated with an increased risk of overall CRC among Japanese Americans. An inverse association was observed with risk of CRC and distal colon cancer in men without a history of diabetes.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Asian ; Cohort Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Diet/adverse effects ; Oryza ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-15
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1442118-5
    ISSN 1349-9092 ; 0917-5040
    ISSN (online) 1349-9092
    ISSN 0917-5040
    DOI 10.2188/jea.JE20200611
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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