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Article: Working Memory Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of the Findings.

Kouvatsou, Zoe / Masoura, Elvira / Kimiskidis, Vasilios

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 866885

Abstract: Although working memory (WM) and information processing speed (IPS) impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been widely investigated, several questions, regarding the nature of these impairments and their relationship, remain unclear. The aim of this ...

Abstract	Although working memory (WM) and information processing speed (IPS) impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been widely investigated, several questions, regarding the nature of these impairments and their relationship, remain unclear. The aim of this short communication article is to present an overview of our recent research findings regarding (a) the characteristics of WM impairment in MS patients and, more precisely, the degree of impairment observed in each WM's component, i.e., phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive, and episodic buffer and (b) the relationship between IPS and each of the four WM components, in an attempt to expand the existing rather narrow understanding of the interconnection between reduced IPS and WM impairment. Two studies of our research team are presented here and their findings are briefly discussed, highlighting the importance of further research on a specific component, namely the episodic buffer component among MS patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2022.866885
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Article: Trajectories of Cognitive Impairment in Adults Bearing Vascular Risk Factors, with or without Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Findings from a Longitudinal Study Assessing Executive Functions, Memory, and Social Cognition.

Tsentidou, Glykeria / Moraitou, Despina / Tsolaki, Magdalini / Masoura, Elvira / Papaliagkas, Vasileios

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 12

Abstract: With the aging of the population, a key concern of both societies and health services is to keep the population cognitively healthy until the maximum age limit. It is a well-known fact that vascular aging has a negative effect on the cognitive skills of ... ...

Abstract	With the aging of the population, a key concern of both societies and health services is to keep the population cognitively healthy until the maximum age limit. It is a well-known fact that vascular aging has a negative effect on the cognitive skills of adults, putting them at greater risk of developing dementia. The present longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the main dimensions of cognition in two pathological groups with different health profiles: a group of adults with vascular risk factors (VRF) (n = 35) and a group of adults with vascular risk factors and mild cognitive impairment (VRF + MCI) (n = 35). The two groups were matched in age, education, and gender. They were assessed with extensive neuropsychological testing at three different times with a distance of about 8 months between them; the assessment regarded executive functions, memory capacity, and Theory of Mind abilities. The analyses carried out were (a) mixed-measures ANOVA, (b) repeated measures ANOVA, and (c) ANOVA. The findings showed that global cognitive status and short-term memory are the main cognitive abilities that decline in community dwelling people bearing VRF. Hence, this group of adults should be examined at least every 2 years for this decline. As regards people with both VRF and MCI, it seems that the assessment of Theory of Mind abilities can better capture their further impairment. Global cognitive status, task/rule switching function, and long-term memory (delayed verbal recall) were revealed as the abilities that clearly and steadily differentiate VRF people with and without MCI.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics12123017
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Article: Metacognitive beliefs of efficacy about daily life situations and use of cognitive strategies in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study.

Bampa, Grigoria / Moraitou, Despina / Metallidou, Panagiota / Masoura, Elvira / Papantoniou, Georgia / Sofologi, Maria / Kougioumtzis, Georgios / Papatzikis, Efthymios / Tsolaki, Magdalini

Frontiers in psychology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1275678

Abstract: Metacognition, the ability to monitor and regulate cognitive processes, is essential for individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to accurately identify their deficits and effectively manage them. However, previous studies primarily focused on ... ...

Abstract	Metacognition, the ability to monitor and regulate cognitive processes, is essential for individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to accurately identify their deficits and effectively manage them. However, previous studies primarily focused on memory awareness in MCI, neglecting other domains affected in daily life. This study aimed to investigate how individuals with MCI perceive their abilities to handle various cognitively challenging situations representing real-life scenarios and their use of compensatory strategies. Thus 100 participants were recruited, including 50 with amnestic MCI with multiple deficits (aMCI) and 50 cognitively healthy controls (HC) matched in age and education. Participants completed three metacognitive scales assessing self-perceived efficacy in everyday life scenarios and one scale evaluating use of cognitive strategies. Results indicated that aMCI participants reported significantly lower self-efficacy in memory and divided-shifted attention scenarios compared to HC. Surprisingly, no significant group differences were found in the self-reports about the use of cognitive strategies. This suggests a potential gap in understanding or applying effective strategies for compensating cognitive deficits. These findings emphasize the importance of cognitive training programs targeting metacognitive knowledge enhancement and practical use of cognitive strategies that could enhance the quality of life for individuals with MCI.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1275678
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Article ; Online: Burnout and Cognitive Performance.

Koutsimani, Panagiota / Montgomery, Anthony / Masoura, Elvira / Panagopoulou, Efharis

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 4

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and cognitive functioning. The associations of depression, anxiety and family support with burnout and cognitive functioning were also examined both independently and as potential ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and cognitive functioning. The associations of depression, anxiety and family support with burnout and cognitive functioning were also examined both independently and as potential moderators of the burnout-cognitive functioning relationship. Seven different cognitive tasks were administered to employees of the general working population and five cognitive domains were assessed; i.e., executive functions, working memory, memory (episodic, visuospatial, prospective), attention/speed of processing and visuospatial abilities. Burnout, depression, anxiety and family support were assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Family Support Scale respectively. In congruence with the first and fourth (partially) Hypotheses, burnout and perceived family support are significantly associated with some aspects of cognitive functioning. Moreover, in line with the third Hypothesis, perceived family support is inversely related to burnout. However, in contrast to the second and fourth Hypotheses, depression, anxiety and perceived family support do not moderate the burnout-cognitive functioning relationship. Additional results reveal positive associations between burnout depression and anxiety. Overall findings suggest that cognitive deficits, depression and anxiety appear to be common in burnout while they underpin the role of perceived family support in both mental health and cognitive functioning. Implications for practice are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; Burnout, Psychological ; Cognition ; Depression/epidemiology ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Memory, Short-Term ; Prospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18042145
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Article ; Online: Working memory profiles of children with reading difficulties who are learning to read in Greek.

Masoura, Elvira / Gogou, Anastasia / Gathercole, Susan E

Dyslexia (Chichester, England)

2020 Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 312–324

Abstract: This study investigated working memory skills in a small group of 13 nine-year-old Greek children facing reading difficulties and a group of 14 age matched typical Greek readers. The children were assessed on working memory tasks measuring separately the ...

Abstract	This study investigated working memory skills in a small group of 13 nine-year-old Greek children facing reading difficulties and a group of 14 age matched typical Greek readers. The children were assessed on working memory tasks measuring separately the four components of the working memory model of Baddeley and Hitch (1974) as revised by Baddeley (2000): the phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer and central executive. Both groups completed tests of accuracy of reading, speed of reading and text understanding. The children with reading difficulties performed significantly more poorly than typical readers on all aspects of working memory apart from visual-spatial short-term memory. These results indicate a similar verbal working memory impairment in Greek children with reading difficulties as in their English peers, despite the fact that they are learning to read a language with a transparent rather than an opaque orthography.
MeSH term(s)	Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cognition ; Dyslexia ; Female ; Greece ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; Reading
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1501502-6
ISSN	1099-0909 ; 1076-9242
ISSN (online)	1099-0909
ISSN	1076-9242
DOI	10.1002/dys.1671
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Article: Cognitive Mechanisms of Monolingual and Bilingual Children in Monoliterate Educational Settings: Evidence From Sentence Repetition.

Andreou, Maria / Tsimpli, Ianthi Maria / Masoura, Elvira / Agathopoulou, Eleni

Frontiers in psychology

2021 Volume 11, Page(s) 613992

Abstract: Sentence repetition (SR) tasks have been extensively employed to assess bilingual children's linguistic and cognitive resources. The present study examined whether monoliterate bilingual children differ from their monolingual (and monoliterate) peers in ... ...

Abstract	Sentence repetition (SR) tasks have been extensively employed to assess bilingual children's linguistic and cognitive resources. The present study examined whether monoliterate bilingual children differ from their monolingual (and monoliterate) peers in SR accuracy and cognitive tasks, and investigated links between vocabulary, updating, verbal and visuospatial working memory and SR performance in the same children. Participants were two groups of 35 children, 8-12 years of age: one group consisted of Albanian-Greek monoliterate bilingual children and the other of Greek monolingual children attending a monolingual-Greek educational setting. The findings demonstrate that the two groups performed similarly in the grammaticality scores of the SR. However, monolinguals outperformed the monoliterate bilinguals in SR accuracy, as well as in the visuospatial working memory and updating tasks. The findings did not indicate any bilingual advantage in cognitive performance. The results also demonstrate that updating and visuospatial working memory significantly predicted monolingual children's SR accuracy scores, whereas Greek vocabulary predicted the performance of our monoliterate bilingual children in the same task. We attribute this outcome to the fact that monoliterate bilingual children do not rely on their fluid cognitive resources to perform the task, but instead rely on language proficiency (indicated by expressive vocabulary) while performing the SR.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2020.613992
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Article: The Role of Working Memory, Short-Term Memory, Speed of Processing, Education, and Locality in Verb-Related Morphosyntactic Production: Evidence From Greek.

Fyndanis, Valantis / Masoura, Elvira / Malefaki, Sonia / Chatziadamou, Efpraxia / Dosi, Ifigeneia / Caplan, David

Frontiers in psychology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 851440

Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between verb-related morphosyntactic production (VRMP) and locality (i.e., critical cue being adjacent to the target or not), verbal Working Memory (vWM), nonverbal/visuospatial WM (nvWM), verbal short-term memory ...

Abstract	This study investigates the relationship between verb-related morphosyntactic production (VRMP) and locality (i.e., critical cue being adjacent to the target or not), verbal Working Memory (vWM), nonverbal/visuospatial WM (nvWM), verbal short-term memory (vSTM), nonverbal/visuospatial STM (nvSTM), speed of processing, and education. Eighty healthy middle-aged and older Greek-speaking participants were administered a sentence completion task tapping into production of subject-verb Agreement, Time Reference/Tense, and grammatical Aspect in local and nonlocal configurations, and cognitive tasks tapping into vSTM, nvSTM, vWM, nvWM, and speed of processing. Aspect elicited worse performance than Time Reference and Agreement, and Time Reference elicited worse performance than Agreement. There were main effects of vSTM, vWM, education, and locality: the greater the participants' vSTM/vWM capacity, and the higher their educational level, the better their VRMP; nonlocal configurations elicited worse performance on VRMP than local configurations. Moreover, vWM affected Aspect and Time Reference/Tense more than Agreement, and education affected VRMP more in local than in nonlocal configurations. Lastly, locality affected Agreement and Aspect (with nonlocal configurations eliciting more agreement and aspect errors than local configurations) but not Time Reference. That vSTM/vWM (but not nvSTM/nvWM) were found to subserve VRMP suggests that VRMP is predominantly supported by domain-specific, not by domain-general, memory resources. The main effects of vWM and vSTM suggest that both the processing and storage components of WM are relevant to VRMP. That vWM (but not vSTM) interacts with production of Aspect, Time Reference, and Agreement suggests that Aspect and Time Reference are computationally more demanding than Agreement. These findings are consistent with earlier findings that, in individuals with aphasia, vWM interacts with production of Aspect, Time Reference, and Agreement. The differential effect of education on VRMP in local vs. nonlocal configurations could be accounted for by assuming that education is a proxy for an assumed procedural memory system that is sensitive to frequency patterns in language and better supports VRMP in more frequent than in less frequent configurations. In the same vein, the interaction between locality and the three morphosyntactic categories might reflect the statistical distribution of local vs. nonlocal Aspect, Agreement, and Time Reference/Tense in Greek.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2022.851440
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the relationship between working memory and information processing speed in multiple sclerosis.

Kouvatsou, Zoe / Masoura, Elvira / Kiosseoglou, Grigoris / Kimiskidis, Vasilios K

Applied neuropsychology. Adult

2020 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 695–702

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of information processing speed on the functioning of specific working memory components, i.e. phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive and episodic buffer. Cognitive tasks that ... ...

Abstract	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of information processing speed on the functioning of specific working memory components, i.e. phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive and episodic buffer. Cognitive tasks that assess working memory ("word lists recall" for the phonological loop, "block recall" for the spatial component of visuospatial sketchpad, "listening recall" for the central executive and "immediate story recall" for the episodic buffer) and information processing speed (symbol digit modalities test- oral form) were administered to 38 patients with multiple sclerosis. Results showed that the central executive and episodic buffer components were significantly related to information processing speed. However, when age was included in the regression model, information processing speed significantly predicted only the episodic buffer scores. Further research on the relationship between the episodic buffer and information processing speed is recommended.
MeSH term(s)	Cognition ; Humans ; Memory, Short-Term ; Mental Recall ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Neuropsychological Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2673736-X
ISSN	2327-9109 ; 2327-9095
ISSN (online)	2327-9109
ISSN	2327-9095
DOI	10.1080/23279095.2020.1804911
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Article: Episodic Memory in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's Disease Dementia (ADD): Using the "Doors and People" Tool to Differentiate between Early aMCI-Late aMCI-Mild ADD Diagnostic Groups.

Chatzikostopoulos, Athanasios / Moraitou, Despina / Tsolaki, Magdalini / Masoura, Elvira / Papantoniou, Georgia / Sofologi, Maria / Papaliagkas, Vasileios / Kougioumtzis, Georgios / Papatzikis, Efthymios

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 7

Abstract: Episodic memory is the type of memory that allows the recollection of personal experiences containing information on what has happened and, also, where and when it happened. Because of its sensitivity to neurodegenerative diseases and the aging of the ... ...

Abstract	Episodic memory is the type of memory that allows the recollection of personal experiences containing information on what has happened and, also, where and when it happened. Because of its sensitivity to neurodegenerative diseases and the aging of the brain, it is considered a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). The objective of the present study was to examine episodic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and ADD. Patients with the diagnosis of early aMCI, late aMCI, and mild ADD were evaluated using the Doors and People tool which consists of four subtests examining different aspects of episodic memory. The statistical analysis with receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) showed the discriminant potential and the cutoffs of every subtest. Overall, the evaluation of episodic memory with the Doors and People tool can discriminate with great sensitivity between the different groups of people with AD and, especially, early aMCI, late aMCI, and mild ADD patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics12071768
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Article ; Online: Working memory profiles of patients with multiple sclerosis: Where does the impairment lie?

Kouvatsou, Zoe / Masoura, Elvira / Kiosseoglou, Grigoris / Kimiskidis, Vasilios K

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology

2019 Volume 41, Issue 8, Page(s) 832–844

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Agnosia/diagnosis ; Agnosia/psychology ; Executive Function ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory Disorders/diagnosis ; Memory Disorders/psychology ; Memory, Episodic ; Memory, Short-Term ; Mental Recall ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis ; Multiple Sclerosis/psychology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Phonetics ; Verbal Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605982-x
ISSN	1744-411X ; 0168-8634 ; 1380-3395
ISSN (online)	1744-411X
ISSN	0168-8634 ; 1380-3395
DOI	10.1080/13803395.2019.1626805
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