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  1. Article ; Online: The emotion paradox in the aging body and brain.

    Mather, Mara

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    2024  

    Abstract: With age, parasympathetic activity decreases, while sympathetic activity increases. Thus, the typical older adult has low heart rate variability (HRV) and high noradrenaline levels. Younger adults with this physiological profile tend to be unhappy and ... ...

    Abstract With age, parasympathetic activity decreases, while sympathetic activity increases. Thus, the typical older adult has low heart rate variability (HRV) and high noradrenaline levels. Younger adults with this physiological profile tend to be unhappy and stressed. Yet, with age, emotional experience tends to improve. Why does older adults' emotional well-being not suffer as their HRV decreases? To address this apparent paradox, I present the autonomic compensation model. In this model, failing organs, the initial phases of Alzheimer's pathology, and other age-related diseases trigger noradrenergic hyperactivity. To compensate, older brains increase autonomic regulatory activity in the pregenual prefrontal cortex (PFC). Age-related declines in nerve conduction reduce the ability of the pregenual PFC to reduce hyperactive noradrenergic activity and increase peripheral HRV. But these pregenual PFC autonomic compensation efforts have a significant impact in the brain, where they bias processing in favor of stimuli that tend to increase parasympathetic activity (e.g., stimuli that increase feelings of safety) and against stimuli that tend to increase sympathetic activity (e.g., threatening stimuli). In summary, the autonomic compensation model posits that age-related chronic sympathetic/noradrenergic hyperactivity stimulates regulatory attempts that have the side effect of enhancing emotional well-being.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 211003-9
    ISSN 1749-6632 ; 0077-8923
    ISSN (online) 1749-6632
    ISSN 0077-8923
    DOI 10.1111/nyas.15138
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  2. Article ; Online: Is there a maximum desirable heart rate variability?

    Mather, Mara

    Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

    2021  Volume 128, Page(s) 87–89

    MeSH term(s) Anorexia Nervosa ; Body Mass Index ; Heart Rate ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 282464-4
    ISSN 1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
    ISSN (online) 1873-7528
    ISSN 0149-7634
    DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.015
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  3. Article ; Online: Aging and the nervous system.

    Mather, Mara

    Seminars in cell & developmental biology

    2021  Volume 116, Page(s) 71

    MeSH term(s) Aging/physiology ; Humans ; Nervous System/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1312473-0
    ISSN 1096-3634 ; 1084-9521
    ISSN (online) 1096-3634
    ISSN 1084-9521
    DOI 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.012
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  4. Article ; Online: Noradrenaline in the aging brain: Promoting cognitive reserve or accelerating Alzheimer's disease?

    Mather, Mara

    Seminars in cell & developmental biology

    2021  Volume 116, Page(s) 108–124

    Abstract: Many believe that engaging in novel and mentally challenging activities promotes brain health and prevents Alzheimer's disease in later life. However, mental stimulation may also have risks as well as benefits. As neurons release neurotransmitters, they ... ...

    Abstract Many believe that engaging in novel and mentally challenging activities promotes brain health and prevents Alzheimer's disease in later life. However, mental stimulation may also have risks as well as benefits. As neurons release neurotransmitters, they often also release amyloid peptides and tau proteins into the extracellular space. These by-products of neural activity can aggregate into the tau tangle and amyloid plaque signatures of Alzheimer's disease. Over time, more active brain regions accumulate more pathology. Thus, increasing brain activity can have a cost. But the neuromodulator noradrenaline, released during novel and mentally stimulating events, may have some protective effects-as well as some negative effects. Via its inhibitory and excitatory effects on neurons and microglia, noradrenaline sometimes prevents and sometimes accelerates the production and accumulation of amyloid-β and tau in various brain regions. Both α2A- and β-adrenergic receptors influence amyloid-β production and tau hyperphosphorylation. Adrenergic activity also influences clearance of amyloid-β and tau. Furthermore, some findings suggest that Alzheimer's disease increases noradrenergic activity, at least in its early phases. Because older brains clear the by-products of synaptic activity less effectively, increased synaptic activity in the older brain risks accelerating the accumulation of Alzheimer's pathology more than it does in the younger brain.
    MeSH term(s) Aging/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology ; Animals ; Brain/physiopathology ; Cognitive Reserve/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mice ; Norepinephrine/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Norepinephrine (X4W3ENH1CV)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1312473-0
    ISSN 1096-3634 ; 1084-9521
    ISSN (online) 1096-3634
    ISSN 1084-9521
    DOI 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.013
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  5. Article ; Online: Applying human affectome framework to autonomic compensation model.

    Min, Jungwon / Mather, Mara

    Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

    2024  Volume 159, Page(s) 105611

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aging ; Emotions ; Autonomic Nervous System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 282464-4
    ISSN 1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
    ISSN (online) 1873-7528
    ISSN 0149-7634
    DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105611
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  6. Book ; Online: Current Research and Emerging Directions in Emotion-Cognition Interactions

    Mather, Mara / Wang, Lihong / Dolcos, Florin

    2015  

    Abstract: Emotion can impact various aspects of our cognition and behavior, by enhancing or impairing them (e.g., enhanced attention to and memory for emotional events, or increased distraction produced by goal-irrelevant emotional information). On the other hand, ...

    Abstract Emotion can impact various aspects of our cognition and behavior, by enhancing or impairing them (e.g., enhanced attention to and memory for emotional events, or increased distraction produced by goal-irrelevant emotional information). On the other hand, emotion processing is also susceptible to cognitive influences, typically exerted in the form of cognitive control of motion, or emotion regulation. Despite important recent progress in understanding emotion- cognition interactions, a number of aspects remain unclear. The present book comprises a collection of manuscripts discussing emerging evidence regarding the mechanisms underlying emotion- cognition interactions in healthy functioning and alterations associated with clinical conditions, in which such interactions are dysfunctional.-

    Initiated with a more restricted focus, targeting (1) identification and in depth analysis of the circumstances in which emotion enhances or impairs cognition and (2)identification of the role of individual differences in these effects, our book has emerged into a comprehensive collection of outstanding contributions investigating emotion-cognition interactions, based on approaches spanning from behavioral and lesion to pharmacological and brain imaging, and including empirical, theoretical, and review papers alike.Co-hosted by the Frontiers in Neuroscience - Integrative Neuroscience and Frontiers in Psychology - Emotion Science, the contributions comprising our book and the associated research topic are grouped around the following seven main themes, distributed across the two hosting journals: I. Emotion and Selectivity in Attention and Memory; II. The Impact of Emotional Distraction; Linking Enhancing and Impairing Effects of Emotion; III.-

    What Really is the Role of the Amygdala?; IV. Age Differences in Emotion Processing; The Role of Emotional Valence; V. Affective Face Processing, Social Cognition, and Personality Neuroscience; VI. Stress, Mood, Emotion, and the Prefrontal Cortex; The Role of Control in the Stress Response; VII. Emotion-Cognition Interactions in Clinical Conditions.As illustrated by the present collection of contributions, emotion-cognition interactions can be identified at different levels of processing, from perception and attention to long- term memory, decision making processes, and social cognition and behavior. Notably, these effects are subject to individual differences that may affect the way we perceive, experience, and remember emotional experiences, or cope with emotionally challenging situations.-
    Keywords Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; Science (General) ; Psychology
    Size 1 electronic resource (740 p.)
    Publisher Frontiers Media SA
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT020090529
    ISBN 9782889194384 ; 2889194388
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  7. Article ; Online: How Do Cognitively Stimulating Activities Affect Cognition and the Brain Throughout Life?

    Mather, Mara

    Psychological science in the public interest : a journal of the American Psychological Society

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–5

    MeSH term(s) Aging ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders/prevention & control ; Cognitive Reserve/physiology ; Early Intervention, Educational ; Educational Status ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2160-0031
    ISSN (online) 2160-0031
    DOI 10.1177/1529100620941808
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  8. Article ; Online: Commentary on Aging and Positive Mood: Longitudinal Neurobiological and Cognitive Correlates.

    Mather, Mara

    The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

    2020  Volume 28, Issue 9, Page(s) 957–958

    MeSH term(s) Affect ; Aging ; Cognition ; Humans ; Neurobiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1278145-9
    ISSN 1545-7214 ; 1064-7481
    ISSN (online) 1545-7214
    ISSN 1064-7481
    DOI 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.06.005
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  9. Article ; Online: Neuromodulatory systems in aging and disease.

    Dahl, Martin J / Werkle-Bergner, Markus / Mather, Mara

    Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

    2024  , Page(s) 105647

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 282464-4
    ISSN 1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
    ISSN (online) 1873-7528
    ISSN 0149-7634
    DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105647
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  10. Article ; Online: Isometric handgrip exercise speeds working memory responses in younger and older adults.

    Bachman, Shelby L / Attanti, Sumedha / Mather, Mara

    Psychology and aging

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 305–322

    Abstract: Physiological arousal affects attention and memory, sometimes enhancing and other times impairing what we attend to and remember. In the present study, we investigated how changes in physiological arousal-induced through short bursts of isometric ... ...

    Abstract Physiological arousal affects attention and memory, sometimes enhancing and other times impairing what we attend to and remember. In the present study, we investigated how changes in physiological arousal-induced through short bursts of isometric handgrip exercise-affected subsequent working memory performance. A sample of 57 younger (ages 18-29) and 56 older (ages 65-85) participants performed blocks of isometric handgrip exercise in which they periodically squeezed a therapy ball, alternating with blocks of an auditory working memory task. We found that, compared with those in a control group, participants who performed isometric handgrip had faster reaction times on the working memory task. Handgrip-speeded responses were observed for both younger and older participants, across working memory loads. Analysis of multimodal physiological responses indicated that physiological arousal increased during handgrip. Our findings suggest that performing short bouts of isometric handgrip exercise can improve processing speed, and they offer testable possibilities for the mechanism underlying handgrip's effects on performance. The potential for acute isometric exercise to temporarily improve processing speed may be of particular relevance for older adults who show declines in processing speed and working memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Memory, Short-Term ; Hand Strength/physiology ; Aging ; Attention ; Exercise/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 635596-1
    ISSN 1939-1498 ; 0882-7974
    ISSN (online) 1939-1498
    ISSN 0882-7974
    DOI 10.1037/pag0000728
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