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  1. Article ; Online: Impact assessments of wind farms on seabird populations that overlook existing drivers of demographic change should be treated with caution

    Catharine Horswill / Julie A. O. Miller / Matt J. Wood

    Conservation Science and Practice, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: Abstract Population viability analyses (PVA) are now routinely used during the consenting process for offshore wind energy developments to assess potential impacts to vulnerable species, such as seabirds. These models are typically based on mean vital ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Population viability analyses (PVA) are now routinely used during the consenting process for offshore wind energy developments to assess potential impacts to vulnerable species, such as seabirds. These models are typically based on mean vital rates, such as survival and fecundity, with some level of environmental stochasticity (i.e., temporal variation). However, many species of seabird are experiencing population decline due to temporal (i.e., directional) trends in their vital rates. We assess the prevalence of temporal trends in rates of fecundity for a sentinel species of seabird, the black‐legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, and examine how accounting for these relationships affects the predictive accuracy of PVA, as well as the projected population response to an extrinsic threat. We found that temporal trends in kittiwake rates of fecundity are widespread, and that including these trends in PVA assessments dramatically influences the projected rate of population decline. We advocate that model validation become a prerequisite step in seabird PVA assessments to identify potential biases influencing the projected population response. We also argue that environmental factors driving current population dynamics need to be incorporated in PVA impact assessments as potential “worst‐case” scenarios. These findings have immediate application for improving and reducing uncertainty in impact assessments conducted as part of the consenting process for offshore wind energy developments.
    Keywords breeding success ; demography ; impact assessment ; kittiwake ; offshore renewable energy ; population viability analysis ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Sampling strategies for species with high breeding-site fidelity

    Gavin E Arneill / Christopher M Perrins / Matt J Wood / David Murphy / Luca Pisani / Mark J Jessopp / John L Quinn

    PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 8, p e

    A case study in burrow-nesting seabirds.

    2019  Volume 0221625

    Abstract: Sampling approaches used to census and monitor populations of flora and fauna are diverse, ranging from simple random sampling to complex hierarchal stratified designs. Usually the approach taken is determined by the spatial and temporal distribution of ... ...

    Abstract Sampling approaches used to census and monitor populations of flora and fauna are diverse, ranging from simple random sampling to complex hierarchal stratified designs. Usually the approach taken is determined by the spatial and temporal distribution of the study population, along with other characteristics of the focal species. Long-term monitoring programs used to assess seabird population trends are facilitated by their high site fidelity, but are often hampered by large and difficult to access colonies, with highly variable densities that require intensive survey. We aimed to determine the sampling effort required to (a) estimate population size with a high degree of confidence, and (b) detect different scenarios of population change in a regionally important species in the Atlantic, the Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus). Analyses were carried out using data collected from tape-playback surveys on four islands in the North Atlantic. To explore how sampling effort influenced confidence around abundance estimates, we used the heuristic approach of imagining the areas sampled represented the total population, and bootstrapped varying proportions of subsamples. This revealed that abundance estimates vary dramatically when less than half of all plots (n dependent on the size of the site) is randomly subsampled, leading to an unacceptable lack of confidence in population estimates. Confidence is substantially improved using a multi-stage stratified approach based on previous information on distribution in the colonies. In reality, this could lead to reducing the number of plots required by up to 80%. Furthermore, power analyses suggested that random selection of monitoring plots using a matched pairs approach generates little power to detect overall population changes of 10%, and density-dependent changes as large as 50%, because variation in density between plots is so high. Current monitoring programs have a high probability of failing to detect population-level changes due to inappropriate sampling efforts. ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 310
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Avoidance of different durations, colours and intensities of artificial light by adult seabirds

    Martyna Syposz / Oliver Padget / Jay Willis / Benjamin M. Van Doren / Natasha Gillies / Annette L. Fayet / Matt J. Wood / Aarón Alejo / Tim Guilford

    Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract There is increasing evidence for impacts of light pollution on the physiology and behaviour of wild animals. Nocturnally active Procellariiform seabirds are often found grounded in areas polluted by light and struggle to take to the air again ... ...

    Abstract Abstract There is increasing evidence for impacts of light pollution on the physiology and behaviour of wild animals. Nocturnally active Procellariiform seabirds are often found grounded in areas polluted by light and struggle to take to the air again without human intervention. Hence, understanding their responses to different wavelengths and intensities of light is urgently needed to inform mitigation measures. Here, we demonstrate how different light characteristics can affect the nocturnal flight of Manx shearwaters Puffinus puffinus by experimentally introducing lights at a colony subject to low levels of light pollution due to passing ships and coastal developments. The density of birds in flight above the colony was measured using a thermal imaging camera. We compared number of flying shearwaters under dark conditions and in response to an artificially introduced light, and observed fewer birds in flight during ‘light-on’ periods, suggesting that adult shearwaters were repelled by the light. This effect was stronger with higher light intensity, increasing duration of ‘light-on’ periods and with green and blue compared to red light. Thus, we recommend lower light intensity, red colour, and shorter duration of ‘light-on’ periods as mitigation measures to reduce the effects of light at breeding colonies and in their vicinity.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 535
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Overwintering habitat links to summer reproductive success: intercontinental carry-over effects in a declining migratory bird revealed using stable isotope analysis

    Goodenough, Anne E / David G. Coker / Matt J. Wood / Sally L. Rogers

    Bird study. 2017 Oct. 2, v. 64, no. 4

    2017  

    Abstract: Capsule: Breeding success in female Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca is related to isotopic signature of feathers grown in Africa, suggesting wintering habitat links to breeding performance 5000 km away. Aims: Better understanding of inter-seasonal ... ...

    Abstract Capsule: Breeding success in female Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca is related to isotopic signature of feathers grown in Africa, suggesting wintering habitat links to breeding performance 5000 km away. Aims: Better understanding of inter-seasonal carry-over effects is a research priority, especially for declining migrants. We use stable isotope analysis to relate Pied Flycatcher winter habitat to summer reproductive success. Methods: Flycatchers were captured in three UK woodlands in 2013–15. An Africa-grown tertial was trimmed and analysed using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry to quantify Nitrogen-15 (δ15N) and Carbon-13 (δ13C). In total, 135 samples were taken from 80 individuals. Results: Wintering δ15N and δ13C differed significantly between years. δ13C correlated with lay date, such that birds with lower carbon levels (indicative of more mesic habitat) bred earlier. There was a significant correlation between wintering δ13C and productivity after allowing for year, site and lay date; birds with low δ13C were more successful. This suggests δ13C links productivity directly as well as indirectly through phenological effects. δ15N did not relate to phenology or productivity. Conclusion: This is the first evidence of carry-over effects between geographical regions for a European passerine. Conservation measures should focus on all aspects of seasonal cycles, not just breeding grounds.
    Keywords breeding sites ; carbon ; feathers ; females ; Ficedula hypoleuca ; habitats ; mass spectrometry ; migratory birds ; nitrogen ; overwintering ; phenology ; reproductive performance ; reproductive success ; seasonal variation ; stable isotopes ; summer ; wintering grounds ; woodlands ; Africa ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-1002
    Size p. 433-444.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1944-6705
    DOI 10.1080/00063657.2017.1408566
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Demographic profiles and environmental drivers of variation relate to individual breeding state in a long-lived trans-oceanic migratory seabird, the Manx shearwater.

    Matt J Wood / Coline Canonne / Aurélien Besnard / Shelly Lachish / Stace M Fairhurst / Miriam Liedvogel / Dave Boyle / Samantha C Patrick / Simon Josey / Holly Kirk / Ben Dean / Tim Guilford / Robin M McCleery / Chris M Perrins / Cat Horswill

    PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 12, p e

    2021  Volume 0260812

    Abstract: Understanding the points in a species breeding cycle when they are most vulnerable to environmental fluctuations is key to understanding interannual demography and guiding effective conservation and management. Seabirds represent one of the most ... ...

    Abstract Understanding the points in a species breeding cycle when they are most vulnerable to environmental fluctuations is key to understanding interannual demography and guiding effective conservation and management. Seabirds represent one of the most threatened groups of birds in the world, and climate change and severe weather is a prominent and increasing threat to this group. We used a multi-state capture-recapture model to examine how the demographic rates of a long-lived trans-oceanic migrant seabird, the Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus, are influenced by environmental conditions experienced at different stages of the annual breeding cycle and whether these relationships vary with an individual's breeding state in the previous year (i.e., successful breeder, failed breeder and non-breeder). Our results imply that populations of Manx shearwaters are comprised of individuals with different demographic profiles, whereby more successful reproduction is associated with higher rates of survival and breeding propensity. However, we found that all birds experienced the same negative relationship between rates of survival and wind force during the breeding season, indicating a cost of reproduction (or central place constraint for non-breeders) during years with severe weather conditions. We also found that environmental effects differentially influence the breeding propensity of individuals in different breeding states. This suggests individual spatio-temporal variation in habitat use during the annual cycle, such that climate change could alter the frequency that individuals with different demographic profiles breed thereby driving a complex and less predictable population response. More broadly, our study highlights the importance of considering individual-level factors when examining population demography and predicting how species may respond to climate change.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 333 ; 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: The haematozoan parasites of Common Blackbirds Turdus merula: associations with host condition

    HATCHWELL, BEN J / MATT J. WOOD / M. ALI ANWAR / DAN E. CHAMBERLAIN / CHRISTOPHER M. PERRINS

    Ibis. 2001 Oct., v. 143, no. 4

    2001  

    Abstract: A population of Common Blackbirds Turdus merula was studied to investigate the relationships between the presence of blood parasites and host morphometrics, a putative sexually selected trait (bill colour), and reproductive parameters. Haematozoa of four ...

    Abstract A population of Common Blackbirds Turdus merula was studied to investigate the relationships between the presence of blood parasites and host morphometrics, a putative sexually selected trait (bill colour), and reproductive parameters. Haematozoa of four genera were detected and their prevalence was high. Infection was negatively associated with adult morphometrics: adults infected with Leucocytozoon were in relatively poor body condition and had shorter wings than uninfected birds. The bill colour of males infected with Plasmodium tended to be duller than that of uninfected males, and in females Haemoproteus infection was significantly positively associated with bill coloration. Haematozoan infection of females was unrelated to measured reproductive parameters, and there was no relationship between blood parasite infection and the provision of parental care.
    Keywords Haemoproteus ; Leucocytozoon ; Plasmodium ; Turdus merula ; adults ; birds ; blood ; body condition ; color ; females ; males ; morphometry ; parasites ; wings
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2001-10
    Size p. 420-426.
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2071870-6
    ISSN 1474-919X ; 0019-1019
    ISSN (online) 1474-919X
    ISSN 0019-1019
    DOI 10.1111/ibi.2001.143.4.420
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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