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  1. Article ; Online: Acoustic monitoring of laser-induced phase transitions in minerals: implication for Mars exploration with SuperCam.

    Chide, Baptiste / Beyssac, Olivier / Gauthier, Michel / Benzerara, Karim / Estève, Imène / Boulliard, Jean-Claude / Maurice, Sylvestre / Wiens, Roger C

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 24019

    Abstract: The SuperCam instrument suite onboard the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover uses the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to determine the elemental composition of rocks and soils of the Mars surface. It is associated with a microphone to ... ...

    Abstract The SuperCam instrument suite onboard the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover uses the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to determine the elemental composition of rocks and soils of the Mars surface. It is associated with a microphone to retrieve the physical properties of the ablated targets when listening to the laser-induced acoustic signal. In this study, we report the monitoring of laser-induced mineral phase transitions in acoustic data. Sound data recorded during the laser ablation of hematite, goethite and diamond showed a sharp increase of the acoustic signal amplitude over the first laser shots. Analyses of the laser-induced craters with Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicate that both hematite and goethite have been transformed into magnetite and that diamond has been transformed into amorphous-like carbon over the first laser shots. It is shown that these transitions are the root cause of the increase in acoustic signal, likely due to a change in target's physical properties as the material is transformed. These results give insights into the influence of the target's optical and thermal properties over the acoustic signal. But most importantly, in the context of the Mars surface exploration with SuperCam, as this behavior occurs only for specific phases, it demonstrates that the microphone data may help discriminating mineral phases whereas LIBS data only have limited capabilities.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-03315-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Long-Distance 3D Reconstructions Using Photogrammetry with Curiosity’s ChemCam Remote Micro-Imager in Gale Crater (Mars)

    Caravaca, Gwénaël / Le Mouélic, Stéphane / Rapin, William / Dromart, Gilles / Gasnault, Olivier / Fau, Amaury / Newsom, Horton E. / Mangold, Nicolas / Le Deit, Laetitia / Maurice, Sylvestre / Wiens, Roger C. / Lanza, Nina L.

    Remote Sensing. 2021 Oct. 12, v. 13, no. 20

    2021  

    Abstract: The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity landed in Gale crater (Mars) in August 2012. It has since been studying the lower part of the 5 km-high sedimentary pile that composes Gale’s central mound, Aeolis Mons. To assess the sedimentary record, the ... ...

    Abstract The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity landed in Gale crater (Mars) in August 2012. It has since been studying the lower part of the 5 km-high sedimentary pile that composes Gale’s central mound, Aeolis Mons. To assess the sedimentary record, the MSL team mainly uses a suite of imagers onboard the rover, providing various pixel sizes and fields of view from close to long-range observations. For this latter, we notably use the Remote Micro Imager (RMI), a subsystem of the ChemCam instrument that acts as 700 mm-focal length telescope, providing the smallest angular pixel size of the set of cameras on the Remote Sensing Mast. The RMI allows observations of remote outcrops up to a few kilometers away from the rover. As retrieving 3D information is critical to characterize the structures of the sedimentary deposits, we describe in this work an experiment aiming at computing for the first time with RMI Digital Outcrop Models of these distant outcrops. We show that Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry can successfully be applied to suitable sets of individual RMI frames to reconstruct the 3D shape and relief of these distant outcrops. These results show that a dedicated set of observations can be envisaged to characterize the most interesting geological features surrounding the rover.
    Keywords cameras ; exhibitions ; land ; models ; photogrammetry ; remote sensing ; teams ; telescopes
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1012
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2513863-7
    ISSN 2072-4292
    ISSN 2072-4292
    DOI 10.3390/rs13204068
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: ChemCam's cost a drop in the Mars bucket.

    Wiens, Roger C / Maurice, Sylvestre

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2008  Volume 322, Issue 5907, Page(s) 1464

    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.322.5907.1464a
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: OrganiCam: a lightweight time-resolved laser-induced luminescence imager and Raman spectrometer for planetary organic material characterization.

    Gasda, Patrick J / Wiens, Roger C / Reyes-Newell, Adriana / Ganguly, Kumkum / Newell, Raymond T / Peterson, Charles / Sandoval, Benigno / Ott, Logan / Adikari, Samantha / Voit, Seychelles / Clegg, Samuel M / Misra, Anupam K / Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E / Quinn, Heather / Sharma, Shiv K / Dale, Magdalena / Love, Steven P / Maurice, Sylvestre

    Applied optics

    2021  Volume 60, Issue 13, Page(s) 3753–3763

    Abstract: OrganiCam is a laser-induced luminescence imager and spectrometer designed for standoff organic and biosignature detection on planetary bodies. OrganiCam uses a diffused laser beam (12° cone) to cover a large area at several meters distance and records ... ...

    Abstract OrganiCam is a laser-induced luminescence imager and spectrometer designed for standoff organic and biosignature detection on planetary bodies. OrganiCam uses a diffused laser beam (12° cone) to cover a large area at several meters distance and records luminescence on half of its intensified detector. The diffuser can be removed to record Raman and fluorescence spectra from a small spot from 2 m standoff distance. OrganiCam's small size and light weight makes it ideal for surveying organics on planetary surfaces. We have designed and built a brassboard version of the OrganiCam instrument and performed initial tests of the system.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.421291
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Origin and composition of three heterolithic boulder- and cobble-bearing deposits overlying the Murray and Stimson formations, Gale Crater, Mars.

    Wiens, Roger C / Edgett, Kenneth S / Stack, Kathryn M / Dietrich, William E / Bryk, Alexander B / Mangold, Nicolas / Bedford, Candice / Gasda, Patrick / Fairen, Alberto / Thompson, Lucy / Johnson, Jeff / Gasnault, Olivier / Clegg, Sam / Cousin, Agnes / Forni, Olivier / Frydenvang, Jens / Lanza, Nina / Maurice, Sylvestre / Newsom, Horton /
    Ollila, Ann / Payré, Valerie / Rivera-Hernandez, Frances / Vasavada, Ashwin

    Icarus

    2020  Volume 350, Page(s) 113897

    Abstract: Heterolithic, boulder-containing, pebble-strewn surfaces occur along the lower slopes of Aeolis Mons ("Mt. Sharp") in Gale crater, Mars. They were observed in HiRISE images acquired from orbit prior to the landing of the Curiosity rover. The rover was ... ...

    Abstract Heterolithic, boulder-containing, pebble-strewn surfaces occur along the lower slopes of Aeolis Mons ("Mt. Sharp") in Gale crater, Mars. They were observed in HiRISE images acquired from orbit prior to the landing of the Curiosity rover. The rover was used to investigate three of these units named Blackfoot, Brandberg, and Bimbe between sols 1099 and 1410. These unconsolidated units overlie the lower Murray formation that forms the base of Mt. Sharp, and consist of pebbles, cobbles and boulders. Blackfoot also overlies portions of the Stimson formation, which consists of eolian sandstone that is understood to significantly postdate the dominantly lacustrine deposition of the Murray formation. Blackfoot is elliptical in shape (62 × 26 m), while Brandberg is nearly circular (50 × 55 m), and Bimbe is irregular in shape, covering about ten times the area of the other two. The largest boulders are 1.5-2.5 m in size and are interpreted to be sandstones. As seen from orbit, some boulders are light-toned and others are dark-toned. Rover-based observations show that both have the same gray appearance from the ground and their apparently different albedos in orbital observations result from relatively flat sky-facing surfaces. Chemical observations show that two clasts of fine sandstone at Bimbe have similar compositions and morphologies to nine ChemCam targets observed early in the mission, near Yellowknife Bay, including the Bathurst Inlet outcrop, and to at least one target (Pyramid Hills, Sol 692) and possibly a cap rock unit just north of Hidden Valley, locations that are several kilometers apart in distance and tens of meters in elevation. These findings may suggest the earlier existence of draping strata, like the Stimson formation, that would have overlain the current surface from Bimbe to Yellowknife Bay. Compositionally these extinct strata could be related to the Siccar Point group to which the Stimson formation belongs. Dark, massive sandstone blocks at Bimbe are chemically distinct from blocks of similar morphology at Bradbury Rise, except for a single float block, Oscar (Sol 516). Conglomerates observed along a low, sinuous ridge at Bimbe consist of matrix and clasts with compositions similar to the Stimson formation, suggesting that stream beds likely existed nearly contemporaneously with the dunes that eventually formed the Stimson formation, or that they had the same source material. In either case, they represent a later pulse of fluvial activity relative to the lakes associated with the Murray formation. These three units may be local remnants of infilled impact craters (especially circular-shaped Brandberg), decayed buttes, patches of unconsolidated fluvial deposits, or residual mass-movement debris. Their incorporation of Stimson and Murray rocks, the lack of lithification, and appearance of being erosional remnants suggest that they record erosion and deposition events that post-date the exposure of the Stimson formation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0019-1035
    ISSN 0019-1035
    DOI 10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113897
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Planetary geochemical investigations using Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

    Clegg, Samuel M / Wiens, Roger / Misra, Anupam K / Sharma, Shiv K / Lambert, James / Bender, Steven / Newell, Raymond / Nowak-Lovato, Kristy / Smrekar, Sue / Dyar, M Darby / Maurice, Sylvestre

    Applied spectroscopy

    2014  Volume 68, Issue 9, Page(s) 925–936

    Abstract: An integrated Raman spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument is a valuable geoanalytical tool for future planetary missions to Mars, Venus, and elsewhere. The ChemCam instrument operating on the Mars Curiosity rover ... ...

    Abstract An integrated Raman spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument is a valuable geoanalytical tool for future planetary missions to Mars, Venus, and elsewhere. The ChemCam instrument operating on the Mars Curiosity rover includes a remote LIBS instrument. An integrated Raman-LIBS spectrometer (RLS) based on the ChemCam architecture could be used as a reconnaissance tool for other contact instruments as well as a primary science instrument capable of quantitative mineralogical and geochemical analyses. Replacing one of the ChemCam spectrometers with a miniature transmission spectrometer enables a Raman spectroscopy mineralogical analysis to be performed, complementing the LIBS chemical analysis while retaining an overall architecture resembling ChemCam. A prototype transmission spectrometer was used to record Raman spectra under both Martian and Venus conditions. Two different high-pressure and high-temperature cells were used to collect the Raman and LIBS spectra to simulate surface conditions on Venus. The resulting LIBS spectra were used to generate a limited partial least squares Venus calibration model for the major elements. These experiments demonstrate the utility and feasibility of a combined RLS instrument.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1943-3530
    ISSN (online) 1943-3530
    DOI 10.1366/13-07386
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The dynamic atmospheric and aeolian environment of Jezero crater, Mars.

    Newman, Claire E / Hueso, Ricardo / Lemmon, Mark T / Munguira, Asier / Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro / Apestigue, Víctor / Martínez, Germán M / Toledo, Daniel / Sullivan, Rob / Herkenhoff, Ken E / de la Torre Juárez, Manuel / Richardson, Mark I / Stott, Alexander E / Murdoch, Naomi / Sanchez-Lavega, Agustín / Wolff, Michael J / Arruego, Ignacio / Sebastián, Eduardo / Navarro, Sara /
    Gómez-Elvira, Javier / Tamppari, Leslie / Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel / Harri, Ari-Matti / Genzer, Maria / Hieta, Maria / Lorenz, Ralph D / Conrad, Pan / Gómez, Felipe / McConnochie, Timothy H / Mimoun, David / Tate, Christian / Bertrand, Tanguy / Bell, James F / Maki, Justin N / Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose Antonio / Wiens, Roger C / Chide, Baptiste / Maurice, Sylvestre / Zorzano, Maria-Paz / Mora, Luis / Baker, Mariah M / Banfield, Don / Pla-Garcia, Jorge / Beyssac, Olivier / Brown, Adrian / Clark, Ben / Lepinette, Alain / Montmessin, Franck / Fischer, Erik / Patel, Priyaben / Del Río-Gaztelurrutia, Teresa / Fouchet, Thierry / Francis, Raymond / Guzewich, Scott D

    Science advances

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 21, Page(s) eabn3783

    Abstract: Despite the importance of sand and dust to Mars geomorphology, weather, and exploration, the processes that move sand and that raise dust to maintain Mars' ubiquitous dust haze and to produce dust storms have not been well quantified in situ, with ... ...

    Abstract Despite the importance of sand and dust to Mars geomorphology, weather, and exploration, the processes that move sand and that raise dust to maintain Mars' ubiquitous dust haze and to produce dust storms have not been well quantified in situ, with missions lacking either the necessary sensors or a sufficiently active aeolian environment. Perseverance rover's novel environmental sensors and Jezero crater's dusty environment remedy this. In Perseverance's first 216 sols, four convective vortices raised dust locally, while, on average, four passed the rover daily, over 25% of which were significantly dusty ("dust devils"). More rarely, dust lifting by nonvortex wind gusts was produced by daytime convection cells advected over the crater by strong regional daytime upslope winds, which also control aeolian surface features. One such event covered 10 times more area than the largest dust devil, suggesting that dust devils and wind gusts could raise equal amounts of dust under nonstorm conditions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abn3783
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Analysis of water ice and water ice/soil mixtures using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: application to Mars polar exploration.

    Arp, Zane A / Cremers, David A / Wiens, Roger C / Wayne, David M / Sallé, Béatrice / Maurice, Sylvestre

    Applied spectroscopy

    2004  Volume 58, Issue 8, Page(s) 897–909

    Abstract: Recently, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been developed for the elemental analysis of geological samples for application to space exploration. There is also interest in using the technique for the analysis of water ice and ice/dust ... ...

    Abstract Recently, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been developed for the elemental analysis of geological samples for application to space exploration. There is also interest in using the technique for the analysis of water ice and ice/dust mixtures located at the Mars polar regions. The application is a compact instrument for a lander or rover to the Martian poles to interrogate stratified layers of ice and dusts that contain a record of past geologic history, believed to date back several million years. Here we present results of a study of the use of LIBS for the analysis of water ice and ice/dust mixtures in situ and at short stand-off distances (< 6.5 m) using experimental parameters appropriate for a compact instrument. Characteristics of LIBS spectra of water ice, ice/soil mixtures, element detection limits, and the ability to ablate through ice samples to monitor subsurface dust deposits are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Extraterrestrial Environment/chemistry ; Geology/instrumentation ; Geology/methods ; Ice/analysis ; Lasers ; Mars ; Spectrum Analysis/instrumentation ; Spectrum Analysis/methods ; Water/analysis
    Chemical Substances Ice ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 0003-7028
    ISSN 0003-7028
    DOI 10.1366/0003702041655377
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Evidence for water ice near Mercury's north pole from MESSENGER Neutron Spectrometer measurements.

    Lawrence, David J / Feldman, William C / Goldsten, John O / Maurice, Sylvestre / Peplowski, Patrick N / Anderson, Brian J / Bazell, David / McNutt, Ralph L / Nittler, Larry R / Prettyman, Thomas H / Rodgers, Douglas J / Solomon, Sean C / Weider, Shoshana Z

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2013  Volume 339, Issue 6117, Page(s) 292–296

    Abstract: Measurements by the Neutron Spectrometer on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft show decreases in the flux of epithermal and fast neutrons from Mercury's north polar region that are consistent with the ...

    Abstract Measurements by the Neutron Spectrometer on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft show decreases in the flux of epithermal and fast neutrons from Mercury's north polar region that are consistent with the presence of water ice in permanently shadowed regions. The neutron data indicate that Mercury's radar-bright polar deposits contain, on average, a hydrogen-rich layer more than tens of centimeters thick beneath a surficial layer 10 to 30 cm thick that is less rich in hydrogen. Combined neutron and radar data are best matched if the buried layer consists of nearly pure water ice. The upper layer contains less than 25 weight % water-equivalent hydrogen. The total mass of water at Mercury's poles is inferred to be 2 × 10(16) to 10(18) grams and is consistent with delivery by comets or volatile-rich asteroids.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.1229953
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Compositionally and density stratified igneous terrain in Jezero crater, Mars.

    Wiens, Roger C / Udry, Arya / Beyssac, Olivier / Quantin-Nataf, Cathy / Mangold, Nicolas / Cousin, Agnès / Mandon, Lucia / Bosak, Tanja / Forni, Olivier / McLennan, Scott M / Sautter, Violaine / Brown, Adrian / Benzerara, Karim / Johnson, Jeffrey R / Mayhew, Lisa / Maurice, Sylvestre / Anderson, Ryan B / Clegg, Samuel M / Crumpler, Larry /
    Gabriel, Travis S J / Gasda, Patrick / Hall, James / Horgan, Briony H N / Kah, Linda / Legett, Carey / Madariaga, Juan Manuel / Meslin, Pierre-Yves / Ollila, Ann M / Poulet, Francois / Royer, Clement / Sharma, Shiv K / Siljeström, Sandra / Simon, Justin I / Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E / Alvarez-Llamas, Cesar / Angel, S Michael / Arana, Gorka / Beck, Pierre / Bernard, Sylvain / Bertrand, Tanguy / Bousquet, Bruno / Castro, Kepa / Chide, Baptiste / Clavé, Elise / Cloutis, Ed / Connell, Stephanie / Dehouck, Erwin / Dromart, Gilles / Fischer, Woodward / Fouchet, Thierry / Francis, Raymond / Frydenvang, Jens / Gasnault, Olivier / Gibbons, Erin / Gupta, Sanjeev / Hausrath, Elisabeth M / Jacob, Xavier / Kalucha, Hemani / Kelly, Evan / Knutsen, Elise / Lanza, Nina / Laserna, Javier / Lasue, Jeremie / Le Mouélic, Stéphane / Leveille, Richard / Lopez Reyes, Guillermo / Lorenz, Ralph / Manrique, Jose Antonio / Martinez-Frias, Jesus / McConnochie, Tim / Melikechi, Noureddine / Mimoun, David / Montmessin, Franck / Moros, Javier / Murdoch, Naomi / Pilleri, Paolo / Pilorget, Cedric / Pinet, Patrick / Rapin, William / Rull, Fernando / Schröder, Susanne / Shuster, David L / Smith, Rebecca J / Stott, Alexander E / Tarnas, Jesse / Turenne, Nathalie / Veneranda, Marco / Vogt, David S / Weiss, Benjamin P / Willis, Peter / Stack, Kathryn M / Williford, Kenneth H / Farley, Kenneth A

    Science advances

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 34, Page(s) eabo3399

    Abstract: Before Perseverance, Jezero crater's floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional ... ...

    Abstract Before Perseverance, Jezero crater's floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which also express olivine disequilibrium. Alteration materials including carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, hydrated silicates, and iron oxides are pervasive but low in abundance, suggesting relatively brief lacustrine conditions. Orbital observations link the Jezero floor lithology to the broader Nili-Syrtis region, suggesting that density-driven compositional stratification is a regional characteristic.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abo3399
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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