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Article ; Online: Imaging techniques in veterinary medicine. Part II

Adelaide Greco / Leonardo Meomartino / Giacomo Gnudi / Arturo Brunetti / Mauro Di Giancamillo

European Journal of Radiology Open, Vol 10, Iss , Pp 100467- (2023)

Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine

2023

Abstract: Radiography and ultrasonography are the most used techniques in veterinary clinical practice, due to organizational, managerial and, mostly, economic reasons. However, in the last decades, Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and, ... ...

Abstract	Radiography and ultrasonography are the most used techniques in veterinary clinical practice, due to organizational, managerial and, mostly, economic reasons. However, in the last decades, Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and, to a lesser extent, Nuclear Medicine (MN) are increasingly used. As we said in the previous article, all the Diagnostic Imaging techniques are actually “indispensable” in Veterinary Medicine, where many patients do not show any symptoms.This second part describes Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance (MRI) and Nuclear Medicine techniques in Veterinary Medicine are described.
Keywords	Veterinary radiology ; CT ; MRI ; Nuclear Medicine ; Small animals ; Horses ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Imaging techniques in Veterinary Medicine. Part I

Leonardo Meomartino / Adelaide Greco / Mauro Di Giancamillo / Arturo Brunetti / Giacomo Gnudi

European Journal of Radiology Open, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 100382- (2021)

Radiography and Ultrasonography

2021

Abstract: In Veterinary Medicine all the Imaging techniques are used and described but, due to organizational, managerial and, mostly, economical reasons, Radiography and Ultrasonography are the most used.Veterinary Radiology teaching has a relatively small number ...

Abstract	In Veterinary Medicine all the Imaging techniques are used and described but, due to organizational, managerial and, mostly, economical reasons, Radiography and Ultrasonography are the most used.Veterinary Radiology teaching has a relatively small number of educational credits in the degree courses but, nowday, educational opportunities are remarkably increased thanks to a number of post-degree courses and masters, organized both by the universities and private veterinary associations. The relevance of Diagnostic Imaging is particularly true in Veterinary Medicine, in which Radiology could be considered “indispensable” for diagnosis, prognosis and follow up. Furthermore, it should not be forgotten that the diagnostic image represents a “document” and, has a relevant role in legal medical debats.In this first part, Radiography and Ultrasonography are described.
Keywords	Veterinary radiology ; Radiography ; Ultrasonography ; Small animals ; Horses ; Exotic pets ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Computed tomographic appearance of transcaval ureter in two dogs and three cats

Carlotta Spediacci / Maurizio Longo / Swan Specchi / Pascaline Pey / Silvia Rabba / Eirini Mavraki / Mauro Di Giancamillo / Ioannis Panopoulos

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

A novel CVC congenital malformation

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: Transcaval ureter is a rarely reported human congenital malformation of the prerenal segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) not yet reported in veterinary medicine. The objective of this multicenter retrospective case series study was to describe the ... ...

Abstract	Transcaval ureter is a rarely reported human congenital malformation of the prerenal segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) not yet reported in veterinary medicine. The objective of this multicenter retrospective case series study was to describe the computed tomography (CT) features of transcaval ureters in dogs and cats. Patients referring to pre- and post-contrast CT exams of the abdomen and presenting this abnormality were retrospectively included. Multiple qualitative features were described for each ureteral abnormality detected. Three cats and two dogs with transcaval ureter were identified consisting of a segmental duplication of the CVC at the prerenal level creating a vascular ring through which the ureter extended, identified as a double-barrel gun sign. The malformation was divided into two types according to the symmetry of the caval branches and location in relation to the aorta, namely, type I symmetrical branches and right-lateral to the aorta, and type II asymmetrically branches and right-dorsal to the aorta. In one case, the malformation was associated with hydroureter and mild pyelectasis. In three cases, the anomaly was incidental and, in the remaining two cases, the clinical significance was uncertain. This is the first study describing the presence of transcaval ureter in dogs and cats. CT was a suitable method for the diagnosis of transcaval and a focal double-barrel gun sign of the CVC is proposed as the hallmark feature of this anomaly. The clinical relevance of this congenital vascular malformation is unclear and needs to be further investigated.
Keywords	peri-ureteral venous ring ; caudal vena cava malformation ; canine ; feline ; imaging ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Honeybee pupal length assessed by CT-scan technique

Elena Facchini / Laura Nalon / Maria Elena Andreis / Mauro Di Giancamillo / Rita Rizzi / Michele Mortarino

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

effects of Varroa infestation, developmental stage and spatial position within the brood comb

2019 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Honeybee pupae morphology can be affected by a number of stressor, but in vivo investigation is difficult. A computed tomography (CT) technique was applied to visualize a comb’s inner structure without damaging the brood. The CT scan was ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Honeybee pupae morphology can be affected by a number of stressor, but in vivo investigation is difficult. A computed tomography (CT) technique was applied to visualize a comb’s inner structure without damaging the brood. The CT scan was performed on a brood comb containing pupae developed from eggs laid by the queen during a time window of 48 hours. From the CT images, the position of each pupa was determined by recording coordinates to a common reference point. Afterwards, every brood cell was inspected in order to assess the developmental stage of the pupa, the presence of Varroa destructor, the number and progeny of foundress mites. Using data on 651 pupae, the relationships between varroa infestation status, developmental stage and spatial position of the pupa within the brood comb, and its length were investigated. Pupae at 8 post-capping days were shorter than pupae at 7 post-capping days. Pupae in infected cells were significantly shorter than those in varroa-free cells and this effect was linked both to mite number and stage and to the position in the comb. Overall, the results suggest that the CT-scan may represent a suitable non-invasive tool to investigate the morphology and developing status of honeybee brood.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dog craniometry

Maria Elena Andreis / Mauro Di Giancamillo / Massimo Faustini / Maria Cristina Veronesi / Silvia Clotilde Modina

International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Vol 3, Iss 1s (2016)

a cadaveric study

2016

Abstract: The morphology of canine head differs greatly among breeds, so that they have been categorized in 3 groups (brachycephalic, mesaticephalic and dolichocephalic) based on craniometric measurements. However, several dog breeds are still unclassified, and ... ...

Abstract	The morphology of canine head differs greatly among breeds, so that they have been categorized in 3 groups (brachycephalic, mesaticephalic and dolichocephalic) based on craniometric measurements. However, several dog breeds are still unclassified, and skull measurements, often analyzed in adult dogs, are rarely studied in dog puppies. The aim of this work is to clarify whether dog puppies can be classified as dolichocephalic, mesaticephalic and brachycephalic. The skulls of spontaneously dead dog puppies aged 0 to 57 days were studied by using the following anatomic and radiographic measurements and indices: Skull Length, Cranial Length, Facial Length, Cranial Width, Skull Width, Cranial Index (CI), Skull Index (SI); radiographic Condylobasal Length, S-index and Facial Index were added. A new index, the modified-Skull Index, was created. Pearson test, ANOVA and neural nets were used in the statistical analysis. 173 dogs from 36 breeds were included in the study. Anatomic and radiographic CI and SI were significantly correlated (p<0,05). Almost all the anatomic and radiographic measurement significantly differed between brachycephalic and mesaticephalic breeds (p<0,05), while dolichocephalic breeds showed intermediate features. The new modified skull index was significantly different among the three classes (p<0,05). The neural nets allowed to classify three previously unclassified breeds. With this work it was proved that many breeds can be classified as brachycephalic, mesaticephalic or dolichocephalic as early as up to 2 months after birth, and some previously unclassified breeds were also classified. A new useful craniometric index was introduced. Finally, cadavers proved to be a very good model for dog craniometric studies.
Keywords	craniometry ; brachycephalic ; mesaticephalic ; dolichocephalic ; puppies ; dog ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Genetics ; QH426-470 ; Economic biology ; QH705-705.5
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Università degli Studi di Milano
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Novel contributions in canine craniometry

Maria Elena Andreis / Umberto Polito / Maria Cristina Veronesi / Massimo Faustini / Mauro Di Giancamillo / Silvia C Modina

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 5, p e

Anatomic and radiographic measurements in newborn puppies.

2018 Volume 0196959

Abstract: The largest differences in intraspecific head shape among the Carnivora order are to be found in dogs. Based on their skull morphotypes, dog breeds are currently classified as dolichocephalic, mesaticephalic and brachycephalic. Due to the fact that some ... ...

Abstract	The largest differences in intraspecific head shape among the Carnivora order are to be found in dogs. Based on their skull morphotypes, dog breeds are currently classified as dolichocephalic, mesaticephalic and brachycephalic. Due to the fact that some breeds have not been yet defined, this classification is incomplete; moreover, multi-breed studies on the skull morphology of puppies have never been performed. The aim of this work was to verify (i) whether differences in the skull conformation of purebred puppies are already present within the first week of age; (ii) whether radiographic and anatomic measures could be considered interchangeable, and (iii) to possibly classify puppies from non-categorized breeds thanks to their radiographic cranial measurements using neural nets. One hundred and thirty-seven dead puppies aged 0-7 days were examined considering their anatomic and radiographic measures. All linear measures and anatomic indices significantly differed among brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic puppies. Radiographic indices, with the exception of CI, identified the three skull morphotypes (p<0.05, for all comparisons). Radiographic and anatomic measures proved to be non-interchangeable in newborn puppies. Finally, nineteen puppies belonging to 5 non-categorized breeds could be classified thanks to neural nets in the three skull morphotypes with different probability (P between 0,66 and 0,95).
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the foot in horses using intravenous versus regional intraarterial injection of gadolinium

Donatella De Zani / Vanessa Rabbogliatti / Giuliano Ravasio / Cinzia Pettinato / Mauro Di Giancamillo / Davide Danilo Zani

Open Veterinary Journal, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 471-

2018 Volume 478

Abstract: The use of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of orthopedic pathologies in equine patients is poorly described. In few studies, enhanced MRI allowed to differentiate active lesions from chronic ones and to classify ... ...

Abstract	The use of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of orthopedic pathologies in equine patients is poorly described. In few studies, enhanced MRI allowed to differentiate active lesions from chronic ones and to classify ambiguous lesions. The aim of this clinical prospective pilot study is to describe and compare the MRI lesions observed in horses with lameness localized to the foot using a single intravenous bolus dose of gadolinium contrast versus regional intraarterial bolus of contrast agent. Ten horses that underwent contrast enhanced MRI were included in the study. Gadolinium was injected intravenously in 3 patients and in 7 horses contrast agent was administered by intraarterial regional delivery. Regions of interest (ROI) were collected from both pre- and post-contrast images and ratios between pre- and post-contrast ROIs were calculated. No adverse reactions were noted after contrast agent injection. Injured structures that revealed greater increase in signal in post-contrast images were the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), the navicular spongiosa and the peritendinous tissues. Regional intraarterial administration of gadolinium provided higher ratio of contrast enhancement. Enhanced MRI using both intravenous or intraarterial injection of gadolinium, increased the diagnostic capability of MRI in horses with foot lesions. Nevertheless, regional intraarterial administration of gadolinium was considered the best choice due to the higher signal and lower volumes of contrast agent required.
Keywords	Contrast Agent ; Equine ; Lameness ; MRI ; Orthopedic ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	610 ; 630
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tripoli University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Meniscal femoral and tibial surfaces characterization in the swine model.

Umberto Polito / Mauro Di Giancamillo / Giuseppe Michele Peretti / Maria Elena Andreis / Silvia Clotilde Modina / Federica Boschetti / Alessia Di Giancamillo

International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Vol 5, Iss 1s (2018)

2018

Abstract: Menisci are wedge-like structures interposed, in the knee joint, between the femoral and the tibial articular heads (Kohn et al. 1995; Greis et al. 2002). Improving the articular surface, the cellular nutrition and the articular lubrication, they are ... ...

Abstract	Menisci are wedge-like structures interposed, in the knee joint, between the femoral and the tibial articular heads (Kohn et al. 1995; Greis et al. 2002). Improving the articular surface, the cellular nutrition and the articular lubrication, they are essential structures for the prevention of gonarthrosis (Proctor et al.1989; Makris et al. 2011). This study is focused upon the relationship between the contact forces at the femoral and tibial surfaces and the corresponding structure of these meniscal surfaces. For this purpose, 20 adult (~9 months old) female pigs (Landrace x Large white, average weight 75–90 kg; n=80 meniscal samples) were obtained from a local slaughterhouse and dissected to isolate the menisci. Swine meniscal samples were evaluated from morphological (Safranin-O, Sirius Red and collagen type I and II) (Di Giancamillo et al. 2014), biochemical (DNA and glycosaminoglycans, or GAGs, contents) and biomechanical (compression and traction tests) points of view at the level of femoral and tibial meniscal surfaces. Results revealed a characterization of the meniscus which is biomechanical-dependent. The femoral surface, morphologically characterized by the interposition of radial and oblique fibers and biomechanically by the femoral condyles compression, sliding and rolling forces, shows a higher compressive modulus (p<0.05) and a greater amount of cells and GAGs deposition (p<0.01 for each analysis). On the other hand, results from traction test revealed a higher tensile modulus (p<0.05) in the tibial surface, characterized by a circumferential arrangement of the fibers and a poorer GAGs deposition and cellular distribution (p<0.01). Results (summarized in the figure 1) from this work suggest that a biphasic “femoral-to-tibial” scaffold that mimic the different behavior and composition of the two meniscal surfaces could be useful in the light of meniscal replacement.
Keywords	menisci ; meniscus ; swine model ; biomechanics ; scaffolds ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Genetics ; QH426-470 ; Economic biology ; QH705-705.5
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Università degli Studi di Milano
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Stifle anatomic, tomographic and biomechanical features of growing dogs affected by quadriceps contracture.

Maria Elena Andreis / Mauro Di Giancamillo / Liliana Maria Carnevale / Umberto Polito / Maria Cristina Veronesi / Alessia Di Giancamillo / Silvia Clotilde Modina

International Journal of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Vol 5, Iss 1s (2018)

2018

Abstract: Quadriceps contracture is a debilitating and uncommon condition, mostly affecting young dogs. Itcan be congenital or acquired ) and is reported to induce muscular hypotrophy/fibrosis, progressive degenerative joint disease, bone hypoplasia and limb ... ...

Abstract	Quadriceps contracture is a debilitating and uncommon condition, mostly affecting young dogs. Itcan be congenital or acquired ) and is reported to induce muscular hypotrophy/fibrosis, progressive degenerative joint disease, bone hypoplasia and limb hyperextension. The aim of this study was to elucidate anatomic, tomographic and biomechanical features of stifles affected by quadriceps contracture. Seven 2-month-old dead Dobermann Pinschers with unilateral quadriceps contracture were included. Before gross anatomic evaluation, all stifles underwent Computed Tomography before and after intra-articular administration of iodinated contrast medium. Images were acquired in double positioning (stifle extension and flexion) to identify articular cartilage, Ossification Centres’ (OCs) and menisci abnormalities, which were compared between affected and unaffected limbs. In all affected limbs the stifle was back-turned, the distal femur was extra-rotated and the patella was luxated proximo-medially. Severe lack of physiological stifle movements (rolling, gliding, spinning) was observed, so that affected joints could not be flexed. The articular cartilage of the femur was flattened and irregular in thickness, the femoral trochlea was hypoplasic and sloping, the menisci were misshaped. The OC of the distal femur and proximal tibia were misshaped; the tibial plateau was oriented caudodorsally-cranioventrally and significantly smaller (P<0,05). Quadriceps contracture influenced stifle development. The action of quadriceps insertion on the tibia prevented normal development of the plateau, causing wedging and abnormal orientation. Constant compression also induced external rotation of the distal femur (unable to develop distally) and patellar luxation, ending up in genu recurvatum. Static compression was likely responsible for femoral trochlea hypoplasia, articular cartilage and meniscal deformation, due to the lack of physiological stifle movements. Quadriceps contracture induces severe alterations of stifle development in ...
Keywords	Quadriceps contracture ; Puppies ; Stifle ; Skeletal development ; Anatomy ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Genetics ; QH426-470 ; Economic biology ; QH705-705.5
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Università degli Studi di Milano
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Meniscus Matrix Remodeling in Response to Compressive Forces in Dogs

Umberto Polito / Giuseppe M. Peretti / Mauro Di Giancamillo / Federica Boschetti / Liliana Carnevale / Maria C. Veronesi / Luca M. Sconfienza / Marco Agnoletto / Laura Mangiavini / Silvia C. Modina / Alessia Di Giancamillo

Cells, Vol 9, Iss 2, p

2020 Volume 265

Abstract: Joint motion and postnatal stress of weight bearing are the principal factors that determine the phenotypical and architectural changes that characterize the maturation process of the meniscus. In this study, the effect of compressive forces on the ... ...

Abstract	Joint motion and postnatal stress of weight bearing are the principal factors that determine the phenotypical and architectural changes that characterize the maturation process of the meniscus. In this study, the effect of compressive forces on the meniscus will be evaluated in a litter of 12 Dobermann Pinschers, of approximately 2 months of age, euthanized as affected by the quadriceps contracture muscle syndrome of a single limb focusing on extracellular matrix remodeling and cell−extracellular matrix interaction (i.e., meniscal cells maturation, collagen fibers typology and arrangement). The affected limbs were considered as models of continuous compression while the physiologic loaded limbs were considered as controls. The results of this study suggest that a compressive continuous force, applied to the native meniscal cells, triggers an early maturation of the cellular phenotype, at the expense of the proper organization of collagen fibers. Nevertheless, an application of a compressive force could be useful in the engineering process of meniscal tissue in order to induce a faster achievement of the mature cellular phenotype and, consequently, the earlier production of the fundamental extracellular matrix (ECM), in order to improve cellular viability and adhesion of the cells within a hypothetical synthetic scaffold.
Keywords	meniscus ; proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans ; cell–extracellular matrix interaction ; extracellular matrix remodeling ; gags ; compression ; young’s compressive elastic modulus ; dog ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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