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Artikel ; Online: Ecology: Lifting the curtain on higher-order interactions.

Bimler, Malyon D / Mayfield, Margaret M

2023 Band 33, Heft 2, Seite(n) R77–R79

Abstract: Higher-order interactions - the modification of interactions between a species pair by a third - remain poorly understood in nature. A new study manipulates pairwise and higher-order interactions in the field, offering exciting new insights into how ... ...

Abstract	Higher-order interactions - the modification of interactions between a species pair by a third - remain poorly understood in nature. A new study manipulates pairwise and higher-order interactions in the field, offering exciting new insights into how higher-order interactions contribute to coexistence.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Ecology ; Ecosystem
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-01-24
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.051
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Plant interaction networks reveal the limits of our understanding of diversity maintenance.

Bimler, Malyon D / Stouffer, Daniel B / Martyn, Trace E / Mayfield, Margaret M

Ecology letters

2024 Band 27, Heft 2, Seite(n) e14376

Abstract: Species interactions are key drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Current theoretical frameworks for understanding the role of interactions make many assumptions which unfortunately, do not always hold in natural, diverse communities. This ... ...

Abstract	Species interactions are key drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Current theoretical frameworks for understanding the role of interactions make many assumptions which unfortunately, do not always hold in natural, diverse communities. This mismatch extends to annual plants, a common model system for studying coexistence, where interactions are typically averaged across environmental conditions and transitive competitive hierarchies are assumed to dominate. We quantify interaction networks for a community of annual wildflowers in Western Australia across a natural shade gradient at local scales. Whilst competition dominated, intraspecific and interspecific facilitation were widespread in all shade categories. Interaction strengths and directions varied substantially despite close spatial proximity and similar levels of local species richness, with most species interacting in different ways under different environmental conditions. Contrary to expectations, all networks were predominantly intransitive. These findings encourage us to rethink how we conceive of and categorize the mechanisms driving biodiversity in plant systems.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Ecosystem ; Plants ; Biodiversity
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-02-15
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1441608-6
ISSN	1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
ISSN (online)	1461-0248
ISSN	1461-023X
DOI	10.1111/ele.14376
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Patterns of frequency and density dependence are highly variable in diverse annual flowering plant communities.

James, Aubrie R M / Mayfield, Margaret M / Dwyer, John M

Ecology

2023 Band 104, Heft 5, Seite(n) e4021

Abstract: Applications of ecological theory to natural communities often assume that competitive, negative density-dependent processes are the only type of interaction important for diversity maintenance. Recent advances suggest that positive interactions within ... ...

Abstract	Applications of ecological theory to natural communities often assume that competitive, negative density-dependent processes are the only type of interaction important for diversity maintenance. Recent advances suggest that positive interactions within trophic levels (e.g., plant-plant) may also affect plant coexistence. Though positive plant-plant interactions theoretically might result in positive or nonmonotonic frequency or density dependence (FD/DD), less is known about how commonly these patterns occur or which ecological processes might result in such patterns in natural plant communities. In this study we tested for signals of variable frequency and density dependence in annual flowering plant communities in Western Australia and searched for evidence that interactions among plants during flowering might induce positive or nonmonotonic FD/DD in flowering plants. Using four common annual wildflower species, we ask if plant fecundity exhibited positive or nonmonotonic FD/DD and if pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions during flowering change patterns of FD/DD relative to pollinator-independent plant interactions. Three species exhibited nonmonotonic (hump-shaped) density dependence, and only one species experienced strictly negative density dependence. Each species exhibited a different pattern of frequency dependence (positive, negative, weakly nonmonotonic, and no detectable frequency dependence). Pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions during flowering induced both nonmonotonic density dependence and negative frequency dependence in one species. Importantly, the extent of variation in FD/DD observed in our study brings into question the dominance of negative density and frequency dependence in theory, suggesting instead that demographic responses of plants to their communities fall along a continuum of possible density- and frequency-dependent patterns.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Pollination/physiology ; Magnoliopsida ; Plants ; Reproduction ; Western Australia ; Flowers
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-03-27
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2010140-5
ISSN	1939-9170 ; 0012-9658
ISSN (online)	1939-9170
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.4021
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Weak evidence of trade-offs modulated by seed mass among a guild of closely related winter annuals.

da Silva, Isis A / Mayfield, Margaret M / Dwyer, John M

Oecologia

2023 Band 202, Heft 3, Seite(n) 561–575

Abstract: Plant-plant interactions are integral to the establishment and persistence of diversity in plant communities. For annual plant species that depend on seeds to regenerate, seed characteristics that confer fitness advantages may mediate processes such as ... ...

Abstract	Plant-plant interactions are integral to the establishment and persistence of diversity in plant communities. For annual plant species that depend on seeds to regenerate, seed characteristics that confer fitness advantages may mediate processes such as plant-plant interactions. Seed mass is known to vary widely and has been shown to associate with species' differences in stress tolerance and competitive effects. However, understanding of how seed mass influences species' responses to competition is less well understood. Using natural assemblages of six closely related annual plant species in Western Australia, we implemented a thinning study to assess how seed mass influences the outcomes of plant-plant interactions. We found relatively weak evidence for competition or facilitation among species. Our strongest results indicated that heavy-seeded species had lower survivorship than light-seeded species when interacting with heterospecifics. Seed mass was also negatively related to overall survival, counter to expectations. These findings indicate some evidence for trade-offs mediated by seed mass in this system. However, we acknowledge that other factors may have influenced our results, such as the use of natural assemblages (rather than using sowing experiments) and the presence of important small-scale environmental variation not captured with our choice of abiotic variables. Further research is required to clarify the role of seed mass in this diverse annual system, ideally including many focal species, and using sowing experiments.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Seeds ; Plants ; Seasons
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-07-12
Erscheinungsland	Germany
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-023-05416-8
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Informed selection of corridors through network and graph analyses to enhance dispersal potential through an agricultural matrix

Raymundo, Maia / Caballes, Ciemon Frank / Mayfield, Margaret M. / Hock, Karlo

Landsc Ecol. 2023 Feb., v. 38, no. 2 p.449-461

2023

Abstract: CONTEXT: Climate change is causing range shifts in the distribution of many species, but fragmentation and human-altered landscapes are preventing the movement of many of these affected species to more suitable environments. The establishment of ... ...

Abstract	CONTEXT: Climate change is causing range shifts in the distribution of many species, but fragmentation and human-altered landscapes are preventing the movement of many of these affected species to more suitable environments. The establishment of corridors to enable dispersal are often costly and laborious and generally prioritize large or highly mobile animals and trees but are rarely considered for herbaceous species which often have associated native insect communities. Further, assessing the quality of habitats is not often considered in landscape connectivity modeling but is important to ensure that species of interest are not only able to move through a landscape but are able to survive as well. Here, we present a novel concept of using road verges as corridors to connect high quality habitats. OBJECTIVES: Using a fragmented agricultural landscape in the southwest Western Australian wheatbelt as a case study, we aim to assess the current level of connectedness of remnant woodlands to support dispersal potential and propose an ecologically (corridors supporting herbaceous species) and economically (shortest links along already existing corridors) feasible way of connecting suitable remnants using road verges. METHODS: We assessed the landscape for the presence of native herbaceous plants in woodland remnants and along road verges as an ecological indicator of habitat suitability. We established a fixed maximum dispersal distance of 100 m based on existing literature in our models to evaluate the dispersal potential of herbaceous annual forbs. We then assessed remnants for habitat quality and level of connectedness across the landscape to come up with ‘importance scores’ for each remnant (or remnant importance). Using graph theory and network analyses, we identified the shortest possible paths to connect remnants of high importance. RESULTS: Our results show that the current level of fragmentation in the landscape is not able to support single dispersal events based on biologically realistic dispersal distances of 100 m. In addition, majority of the remnants were unlikely to support the herbaceous plants that we included in this study and, by proxy, other species with similar ecological requirements. This unsuitability is primarily due to soil type and high levels of residual phosphorus fertilizer. Roadside verges may be used to support recruitment of herbaceous plants in this system compared to abandoned agricultural fields as they are often already maintained by the local governments and have not been altered by agricultural development. Given this, the use of road verges as corridors should be considered for some species, particularly in cases where industrialized fields are not able to support native flora. Our results point to the need to consider alternative corridor options and to incorporate remnant importance in landscape connectivity studies in order to prioritize connecting remnants that can support both movement and survival of the target species. Assessing remnant importance also enables more efficient placements of corridors across an industrialized landscape particularly when resources may be lacking. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating the quality and connectedness of habitat fragments and determining the most efficient dispersal pathway using readily available software and analytical approaches are effective ways to strategically establish dispersal corridors for native plants. This study advances our understanding of how common features in heavily modified agricultural landscapes can be used to connect remaining suitable habitats and facilitate the dispersal and survival of herbaceous annual plants.
Schlagwörter	agricultural development ; agricultural landscapes ; case studies ; climate change ; computer software ; environmental indicators ; flora ; forbs ; habitat connectivity ; herbaceous plants ; industrialization ; insects ; mathematical theory ; phosphorus fertilizers ; roadsides ; soil types ; woodlands
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2023-02
Umfang	p. 449-461.
Erscheinungsort	Springer Netherlands
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
ZDB-ID	1027798-5
ISSN	1572-9761 ; 0921-2973
ISSN (online)	1572-9761
ISSN	0921-2973
DOI	10.1007/s10980-022-01563-0
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: Patterns of frequency and density dependence are highly variable in diverse annual flowering plant communities

James, Aubrie R. M. / Mayfield, Margaret M. / Dwyer, John M.

Ecology. 2023 May, v. 104, no. 5 p.e4021-

2023

Abstract: Applications of ecological theory to natural communities often assume that competitive, negative density‐dependent processes are the only type of interaction important for diversity maintenance. Recent advances suggest that positive interactions within ... ...

Abstract	Applications of ecological theory to natural communities often assume that competitive, negative density‐dependent processes are the only type of interaction important for diversity maintenance. Recent advances suggest that positive interactions within trophic levels (e.g., plant–plant) may also affect plant coexistence. Though positive plant–plant interactions theoretically might result in positive or nonmonotonic frequency or density dependence (FD/DD), less is known about how commonly these patterns occur or which ecological processes might result in such patterns in natural plant communities. In this study we tested for signals of variable frequency and density dependence in annual flowering plant communities in Western Australia and searched for evidence that interactions among plants during flowering might induce positive or nonmonotonic FD/DD in flowering plants. Using four common annual wildflower species, we ask if plant fecundity exhibited positive or nonmonotonic FD/DD and if pollinator‐mediated plant–plant interactions during flowering change patterns of FD/DD relative to pollinator‐independent plant interactions. Three species exhibited nonmonotonic (hump‐shaped) density dependence, and only one species experienced strictly negative density dependence. Each species exhibited a different pattern of frequency dependence (positive, negative, weakly nonmonotonic, and no detectable frequency dependence). Pollinator‐mediated plant–plant interactions during flowering induced both nonmonotonic density dependence and negative frequency dependence in one species. Importantly, the extent of variation in FD/DD observed in our study brings into question the dominance of negative density and frequency dependence in theory, suggesting instead that demographic responses of plants to their communities fall along a continuum of possible density‐ and frequency‐dependent patterns.
Schlagwörter	ecology ; fecundity ; wild flowers ; Western Australia
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2023-05
Erscheinungsort	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Anmerkung	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1797-8
ISSN	0012-9658
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.4021
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: What Can Evolutionary History Tell Us about the Functioning of Ecological Communities? The ASN Presidential Debate.

Mayfield, Margaret M / Lau, Jennifer A / Tobias, Joseph A / Ives, Anthony R / Strauss, Sharon Y

The American naturalist

2023 Band 202, Heft 5, Seite(n) 587–603

Abstract: AbstractIn January 2018, Sharon Strauss, then president of the American Society of Naturalists, organized a debate on the following topic: does evolutionary history inform the current functioning of ecological communities? The debaters-Ives, Lau, ... ...

Abstract	AbstractIn January 2018, Sharon Strauss, then president of the American Society of Naturalists, organized a debate on the following topic: does evolutionary history inform the current functioning of ecological communities? The debaters-Ives, Lau, Mayfield, and Tobias-presented pro and con arguments, caricatured in standard debating format. Numerous examples show that both recent microevolutionary and longer-term macroevolutionary history are important to the ecological functioning of communities. On the other hand, many other examples illustrate that the evolutionary history of communities or community members does not influence ecological function, or at least not very much. This article aims to provide a provocative discussion of the consistent and conflicting patterns that emerge in the study of contemporary and historical evolutionary influences on community function, as well as to identify questions for further study. It is intended as a thought-provoking exercise to explore this complex field, specifically addressing (1) key assumptions and how they can lead us astray and (2) issues that need additional study. The debaters all agree that evolutionary history can inform us about at least some aspects of community function. The underlying question at the root of the debate, however, is how the fields of ecology and evolution can most profitably collaborate to provide a deeper and broader understanding of ecological communities.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Ecosystem ; Biological Evolution ; Biota ; Ecology
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-10-02
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207092-3
ISSN	1537-5323 ; 0003-0147
ISSN (online)	1537-5323
ISSN	0003-0147
DOI	10.1086/726336
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Optimal restoration for pollination services increases forest cover while doubling agricultural profits.

López-Cubillos, Sofía / McDonald-Madden, Eve / Mayfield, Margaret M / Runting, Rebecca K

PLoS biology

2023 Band 21, Heft 5, Seite(n) e3002107

Abstract: Pollinators are currently facing dramatic declines in abundance and richness across the globe. This can have profound impacts on agriculture, as 75% of globally common food crops benefit from pollination services. As many native bee species require ... ...

Abstract	Pollinators are currently facing dramatic declines in abundance and richness across the globe. This can have profound impacts on agriculture, as 75% of globally common food crops benefit from pollination services. As many native bee species require natural areas for nesting, restoration efforts within croplands may be beneficial to support pollinators and enhance agricultural yields. Yet, restoration can be challenging to implement due to large upfront costs and the removal of land from production. Designing sustainable landscapes will require planning approaches that include the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of pollination services flowing from (restored) vegetation into crops. We present a novel planning framework to determine the best spatial arrangement for restoration in agricultural landscapes while accounting for yield improvements over 40 years following restoration. We explored a range of production and conservation goals using a coffee production landscape in Costa Rica as a case study. Our results show that strategic restoration can increase forest cover by approximately 20% while doubling collective landholder profits over 40 years, even when accounting for land taken out of production. We show that restoration can provide immense economic benefits in the long run, which may be pivotal to motivating local landholders to undertake conservation endeavours in pollinator-dependent croplands.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Bees ; Pollination ; Agriculture ; Costa Rica ; Crops, Agricultural ; Forests
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-05-23
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2126776-5
ISSN	1545-7885 ; 1544-9173
ISSN (online)	1545-7885
ISSN	1544-9173
DOI	10.1371/journal.pbio.3002107
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Drivers of Acacia and Eucalyptus growth rate differ in strength and direction in restoration plantings across Australia.

Staples, Timothy L / Mayfield, Margaret M / England, Jacqueline R / Dwyer, John M

Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America

2022 Band 32, Heft 6, Seite(n) e2636

Abstract: Functional traits are proxies for a species' ecology and physiology and are often correlated with plant vital rates. As such they have the potential to guide species selection for restoration projects. However, predictive trait-based models often only ... ...

Abstract	Functional traits are proxies for a species' ecology and physiology and are often correlated with plant vital rates. As such they have the potential to guide species selection for restoration projects. However, predictive trait-based models often only explain a small proportion of plant performance, suggesting that commonly measured traits do not capture all important ecological differences between species. Some residual variation in vital rates may be evolutionarily conserved and captured using taxonomic groupings alongside common functional traits. We tested this hypothesis using growth rate data for 17,299 trees and shrubs from 80 species of Eucalyptus and 43 species of Acacia, two hyper-diverse and co-occurring genera, collected from 497 neighborhood plots in 137 Australian mixed-species revegetation plantings. We modeled relative growth rates of individual plants as a function of environmental conditions, species-mean functional traits, and neighbor density and diversity, across a moisture availability gradient. We then assessed whether the strength and direction of these relationships differed between the two genera. We found that the inclusion of genus-specific relationships offered a significant but modest improvement to model fit (1.6%-1.7% greater R
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Acacia ; Australia ; Eucalyptus ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; Plants ; Trees/physiology
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-06-02
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1074505-1
ISSN	1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
ISSN (online)	1939-5582
ISSN	1051-0761
DOI	10.1002/eap.2636
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Adjacent crop type impacts potential pollinator communities and their pollination services in remnants of natural vegetation

Reynolds, Victoria A. / Cunningham, Saul A. / Rader, Romina / Mayfield, Margaret M.

Diversity & distributions. 2022 June, v. 28, no. 6

2022

Abstract: AIM: Pollination plays a crucial role in the conservation of many plant species persisting in fragmented, human‐dominated landscapes. Pollinators are known to be instrumental in maintaining genetic diversity and metapopulation dynamics for many plant ... ...

Abstract	AIM: Pollination plays a crucial role in the conservation of many plant species persisting in fragmented, human‐dominated landscapes. Pollinators are known to be instrumental in maintaining genetic diversity and metapopulation dynamics for many plant species and are important for providing ecological services that are essential in agricultural landscapes where populations of native plants are highly isolated. Numerous studies have explored the value of remnant native vegetation for supporting pollination services to crop species, yet the effect of mass‐flowering crops on the pollinator communities and the pollination services they provide to native plant communities persisting in fragmented landscapes are less well understood. Here, we assess the influence of the presence and phenology of a mass‐flowering crop to pollinator community structure, abundance, and pollen load composition in remnant vegetation in complex agricultural landscapes. LOCATION: South‐west Western Australia, Australia. METHODS: We recorded the composition and abundance of insect flower visitors and their pollen loads in isolated remnants of York Gum‐Jam woodlands adjacent to canola (insect‐attracting) or wheat (non‐insect‐attracting) fields over two years. RESULTS: All bees were much more sensitive to adjacent crop type (neighbouring canola or wheat) than non‐bee pollinators. Honeybees were the most abundant pollinators in canola fields during peak flowering. Honeybee abundance increased in canola‐adjacent reserves post canola bloom, potentially indicating a movement into reserves as crop flowering waned. Native bees were the most diverse in remnant vegetation. Pollen loads of native bees were more mixed (increased pollen richness and evenness) when sampled next to canola fields compared to wheat fields. MAIN CONCLUSION: The availability of potential insect pollinators to remnant wildflower communities in agricultural landscapes is context dependent. Whether sampled communities were adjacent to wheat or canola in a landscape significantly impacted the abundance of potential pollinators in certain landscape elements, but not others, and the composition of pollen loads carried by these insects. Results offer novel insights about the influence of landscape context on pollinator communities and the potential pollination services available for the conservation of native plant species in highly fragmented agricultural landscapes.
Schlagwörter	canola ; community structure ; crops ; flowers ; genetic variation ; honey bees ; indigenous species ; landscapes ; phenology ; pollen ; pollen loads ; pollination ; wheat ; wild flowers ; Western Australia
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2022-06
Umfang	p. 1269-1281.
Erscheinungsort	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
Anmerkung	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020139-4
ISSN	1472-4642 ; 1366-9516
ISSN (online)	1472-4642
ISSN	1366-9516
DOI	10.1111/ddi.13537
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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