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Article ; Online: Fatal food anaphylaxis: a diagnostic dilemma?

Mayne, Elizabeth

2020 Volume 73, Issue 12, Page(s) 782

MeSH term(s)	Anaphylaxis ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80261-x
ISSN	1472-4146 ; 0021-9746
ISSN (online)	1472-4146
ISSN	0021-9746
DOI	10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207083
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Article ; Online: Dataset of cell viability and analytes released by cancer cell lines exposed to low pH and conditioned medium.

Worsley, Catherine M / Veale, Rob B / Mayne, Elizabeth S

Data in brief

2024 Volume 54, Page(s) 110460

Abstract: Cancer cells influence their microenvironment by secreting factors that promote tumour growth and survival while evading immune-mediated destruction. We previously determined the expression of secreted factors in breast and oesophageal squamous cell ... ...

Abstract	Cancer cells influence their microenvironment by secreting factors that promote tumour growth and survival while evading immune-mediated destruction. We previously determined the expression of secreted factors in breast and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and WHCO6, respectively) using Luminex assays. These cells were subsequently treated with low pH medium to mimic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409 ; 2352-3409
ISSN (online)	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2024.110460
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Article: Hematological Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: An Update From an HIV-Endemic Setting.

Opie, Jessica / Verburgh, Estelle / Bailly, Jenique / Mayne, Elizabeth / Louw, Vernon

Open forum infectious diseases

2024 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) ofae162

Abstract: Medical professionals, particularly in regions with a high burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), should be alert to the hematological complications of HIV, which may include cytopenias, malignancy, and coagulation disturbances. Patients may ... ...

Abstract	Medical professionals, particularly in regions with a high burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), should be alert to the hematological complications of HIV, which may include cytopenias, malignancy, and coagulation disturbances. Patients may present with these conditions as the first manifestation of HIV infection. Hematological abnormalities are often multifactorial with opportunistic infections, drugs, malignancy, and HIV infection itself contributing to the clinical presentation, and the diagnosis should consider all these factors. Life-threatening hematological complications requiring urgent diagnosis and management include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, superior mediastinal syndrome, spinal cord compression, and tumor lysis syndrome due to aggressive lymphoma. Antiretroviral therapy is the therapeutic backbone, including for patients with advanced HIV, in addition to specific therapy for the complication. This article reviews the impact of HIV on the hematological system and provides a clinical and diagnostic approach, including the role of a bone marrow biopsy, focusing on perspectives from sub-Saharan Africa.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2757767-3
ISSN	2328-8957
ISSN	2328-8957
DOI	10.1093/ofid/ofae162
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Article ; Online: Value of diagnostic vaccination in diagnosis of humoral inborn errors of immunity.

Hlongwa, Luyanda / Peter, Jonathan / Mayne, Elizabeth

Human immunology

2023 Volume 84, Issue 5-7, Page(s) 337–341

Abstract: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) or primary immunodeficiency diseases, are disorders caused by genetic defects affecting immune function. Clinically, IEI presents mainly as recurrent or severe infections, immune dysregulation (autoimmunity or ... ...

Abstract	Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) or primary immunodeficiency diseases, are disorders caused by genetic defects affecting immune function. Clinically, IEI presents mainly as recurrent or severe infections, immune dysregulation (autoimmunity or autoinflammatory disorders), and lymphoproliferation with or without dysmorphic features. Humoral IEIs are the largest subgroup of IEI, with a wide spectrum of quantitative and qualitative antibody defects. These disorders are normally diagnosed based on immunological evaluation; diagnostic vaccination is part of this evaluation. This review examines the importance and relevance of diagnostic vaccination in the diagnosis of humoral IEIs and different technologies which can be utilised in diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antibodies ; Autoimmunity ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	Antibodies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	801524-7
ISSN	1879-1166 ; 0198-8859
ISSN (online)	1879-1166
ISSN	0198-8859
DOI	10.1016/j.humimm.2023.04.004
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Article: Assessing Biomarkers in Viral Infection.

Mayne, Elizabeth S / George, Jaya A / Louw, Susan

Advances in experimental medicine and biology

2023 Volume 1412, Page(s) 159–173

Abstract: Current biomarkers to assess the risk of complications of both acute and chronic viral infection are suboptimal. Prevalent viral infections like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C virus, herpes viruses, and, more recently, severe acute ...

Abstract	Current biomarkers to assess the risk of complications of both acute and chronic viral infection are suboptimal. Prevalent viral infections like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C virus, herpes viruses, and, more recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be associated with significant sequelae including the risk of cardiovascular disease, other end-organ diseases, and malignancies. This review considers some biomarkers which have been investigated in diagnosis and prognosis of key viral infections including inflammatory cytokines, markers of endothelial dysfunction and activation and coagulation, and the role that more conventional diagnostic markers, such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, can play in predicting these secondary complications, as markers of severity and to distinguish viral and bacterial infection. Although many of these are still only available in the research setting, these markers show promise for incorporation in diagnostic algorithms which may assist to predict adverse outcomes and to guide therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis ; Biomarkers ; Cytokines
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ISSN	2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
ISSN (online)	2214-8019
ISSN	0065-2598
DOI	10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_8
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "The effect of acute acid exposure on immunomodulatory protein secretion, cell survival, and cell cycle progression in tumour cell lines" [Cytokine 162 (2023) 156118].

Worsley, Catherine M / Veale, Rob B / Mayne, Elizabeth S

Cytokine

2023 Volume 164, Page(s) 156165

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1018055-2
ISSN	1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
ISSN (online)	1096-0023
ISSN	1043-4666
DOI	10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156165
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Article ; Online: Validation of the Xpert Breast Cancer STRAT 4 Assay on the GeneXpert instrument to Assess Hormone Receptor, Ki67, and HER2 Gene Expression Status in Breast Cancer Tissue Samples.

Sewanywa, Lina / Hale, Martin / Michelow, Pamela / Mayne, Elizabeth / Wiggill, Tracey

Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM

2023 Volume 31, Issue 9, Page(s) 613–620

Abstract: Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer-related mortality in African females where patients often present later and with advanced disease. Causes for delayed diagnosis include restricted diagnostic access and international controversy on ... ...

Abstract	Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer-related mortality in African females where patients often present later and with advanced disease. Causes for delayed diagnosis include restricted diagnostic access and international controversy on interpretation of ancillary tests like immunohistochemistry (IHC). Fine needle aspirates (FNAC) are an attractive alternative although may have reduced sensitivity. The Xpert Breast Cancer STRAT4 (STRAT4) (CE-IVD*) assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale) is a semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay which detects messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in breast samples for estrogen receptor ( ESR1 ), progesterone receptor ( PGR1 ), human epidermal growth factor receptor/Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (HER2/ ERBB2 ) and the proliferation marker, MKi67 . We assessed the performance of this assay on both formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE, n=31) and matched FNAC (n=20) samples from patients presenting with breast cancer to the Johannesburg academic hospitals. IHC and Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis (performed on HER2-indeterminate samples) was compared with the mRNA expression of the corresponding target genes in FFPE samples, and mRNA expression on FNAC samples was compared with the FFPE results for both mRNA expression and IHC. Concordance between IHC/FISH and Xpert Breast Cancer STRAT4 in FFPE and FNAC samples using the Quick lysis (Q) method (a research-use-only modification of the validated FFPE-lysis method), showed an overall percentage agreement for ESR1 expression of 90.3% and 81.3%, and for PGR1 expression at 86.7% and 81.3% respectively in FFPE and FNAC samples. Concordance was lowest for Ki67 expression, using a binary IHC cutoff for Ki67 positivity at ≥20% staining) at 83.9% and 62.5%, for FFPE and FNAC samples, respectively. This suggests that the STRAT4 assay may be a useful ancillary test in determining HR and Ki67 status in FFPE samples and that use on FNAC samples may be feasible. Future studies should expand the sample numbers and establish locally relevant cutoffs.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen/genetics ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; South Africa ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Hormones ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Paraffin Embedding
Chemical Substances	Ki-67 Antigen ; Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptors, Estrogen ; RNA, Messenger ; Hormones ; Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1473273-7
ISSN	1533-4058 ; 1062-3345 ; 1541-2016
ISSN (online)	1533-4058
ISSN	1062-3345 ; 1541-2016
DOI	10.1097/PAI.0000000000001149
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Zs.A 3783: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Selected inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers pre-viral suppression in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection without overt cardiovascular disease: Is there a need to redefine reference indices?

Louw, Susan / Mayne, Elizabeth S / Jacobson, Barry F / Mayne, Anthony L

Cytokine

2023 Volume 165, Page(s) 156174

Abstract: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is prevalent in Africa and causes morbidity and mortality despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Non-communicable complications of HIV infection include cardiovascular disease (CVD) with thromboses ...

Abstract	Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is prevalent in Africa and causes morbidity and mortality despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Non-communicable complications of HIV infection include cardiovascular disease (CVD) with thromboses throughout the vascular tree. Ongoing inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in people living with HIV (PLWH) probably contribute significantly to HIV-related CVD. Objectives: A systematic review was conducted to inform interpretation of 5 biomarkers commonly measured in PLWH namely interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), D-dimers, and soluble intracellular and vascular adhesion molecules-1 (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) to attempt to define a range for these values in ART naïve PLWH without overt CVD or additional comorbid diseases. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for all studies documenting the levels of the above biomarkers in ART naïve PLWH published on the PubMed database from 1994 to 2020. Results: The number of publications that reported medians above the assay values was: 4/15 for D-dimer; 0/5 for TNF-α, 8/16 for IL-6, 3/6 for sVCAM-1, and 4/5 for sICAM-1. Conclusion: The clinical utility of biomarkers is reduced by the lack of standardisation of the measurement of these parameters, absence of normal reference indices and the lack of uniformity of study protocols in different research centres. This review supports the ongoing use of D-dimers to predict thrombotic and bleeding events in PLWH since the weighted averages across study assays suggest that the median levels do not exceed the reference range. The role of inflammatory cytokine monitoring and measurement of endothelial adhesion markers is less clear.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Interleukin-6 ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; HIV
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-6 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1018055-2
ISSN	1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
ISSN (online)	1096-0023
ISSN	1043-4666
DOI	10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156174
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Article ; Online: Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus associated disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Mayne, Elizabeth S / Mayne, Anthony / Louw, Susan

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) e0262306

Abstract: Introduction: Disseminated intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a thrombotic microangiopathy which may complicate a number of severe disease processes including sepsis. Development of microvascular thromboses results in consumption of coagulation factors ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Disseminated intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a thrombotic microangiopathy which may complicate a number of severe disease processes including sepsis. Development of microvascular thromboses results in consumption of coagulation factors and platelets and ultimate bleeding. Patients with HIV infection (PWH) often present with baseline dysregulation of the coagulation system which may increase severity and derangement of DIC presentation. Previously, we have shown that HIV is a significant risk factor for development of DIC. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective record review of all DIC screens submitted to our tertiary coagulation laboratory in Johannesburg, South Africa, over a one year period and compared the laboratory presentation of DIC in PWH with presentation of DIC in patients without HIV infection. Results: Over the year, 246 patients fulfilled the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) diagnostic criteria for DIC- 108 were confirmed HIV-infected and 77 were confirmed uninfected. PWH and DIC presented at a significantly earlier age (41 vs 46 years respectively, p<0.02). The prothrombin time was significantly more prolonged (30.1s vs 26.s), the d-dimer levels were substantially higher (5.89mg/L vs 4.52mg/L) and the fibrinogen (3.92g/L vs 1.73g/L) and platelet levels (64.8 vs 114.8x109/l) were significantly lower in PWH. PWH also showed significant synthetic liver dysfunction and higher background inflammation. Conclusion: PWH who fulfil the diagnostic criteria for DIC show significantly more dysregulation of the haemostatic system. This may reflect baseline abnormalities including endothelial dysfunction in the context of inflammation and liver dysfunction.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Blood Coagulation/physiology ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Blood Platelets/chemistry ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/diagnosis ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/virology ; Female ; Fibrinogen/analysis ; HIV/pathogenicity ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prothrombin Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Thrombosis/complications
Chemical Substances	Fibrinogen (9001-32-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0262306
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Article ; Online: Inducing apoptosis using chemical treatment and acidic pH, and detecting it using the Annexin V flow cytometric assay.

Worsley, Catherine M / Veale, Rob B / Mayne, Elizabeth S

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) e0270599

Abstract: Cell death is important in physiology, and can happen as a result of structural damage, or as a sequence of programmed cellular processes known as apoptosis. Pathogenic alterations in apoptosis occur in a number of diseases, including cancer, viral ... ...

Abstract	Cell death is important in physiology, and can happen as a result of structural damage, or as a sequence of programmed cellular processes known as apoptosis. Pathogenic alterations in apoptosis occur in a number of diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, and degenerative conditions. Developing accurate and reproducible laboratory methods for inducing and detecting apoptosis is vital for research into these conditions. A number of methods are employed to detect cell death, including DNA fragmentation, the TUNEL assay, and electron microscopy although each has its limitations. Flow cytometry allows for the distinction between live, early apoptotic, late apoptotic and necrotic cells. In this protocol we successfully induce apoptosis using chemical treatment and treatment with low pH in solid tumour cell lines, and have optimized detection using the Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay.
MeSH term(s)	Annexin A5/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Flow Cytometry/methods ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Necrosis
Chemical Substances	Annexin A5
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0270599
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