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Article ; Online: Physiological discrimination and correlation between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in long-term COVID-19.

Mazzatenta, Andrea

2022 Volume 10, Issue 22, Page(s) e15486

Abstract: The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus produces a new disease termed COVID-19, the underlying physiological mechanisms of which are still being understood. Characteristic of the infection is the compromising of taste and smell. There is a persistent need to ... ...

Abstract	The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus produces a new disease termed COVID-19, the underlying physiological mechanisms of which are still being understood. Characteristic of the infection is the compromising of taste and smell. There is a persistent need to discriminate the dysfunctions and correlation between taste and smell, which are probably epiphenomena of other concealed conditions. Anosmic and ageusic long-term COVID-19 patients were re-evaluated after 1 year using a Volabolomic approach with an e-nose recording system coupled with olfactometric and gustometric tests. Here a range of sensory arrangements was found, from normal taste and smell to complete losses. The following patterns of olfactory threshold (OT)-taste threshold-olfactory uni- and cross-modal perception were found anosmia-severe hypogeusia-anosmia; hyposmia-hypogeusia-severe hyposmia; normosmia-ageusia-hyposmia; severe hyposmia -normogeusia-normosmia. There is a strong correlation between OT and olfactory uni- and cross-modal perception, a moderate correlation between olfactory and taste threshold and no correlation between OT and taste threshold. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the feasibility of testing the chemical senses to directly objectify function in order to discriminate taste from olfactory impairment. Furthermore, it allows to hypothesize a long-term effect of the virus due to neuroinvasion through, probably, the olfactory system with injury in the related multisensory areas of taste and smell.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ageusia ; Anosmia/etiology ; COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell/physiology ; Taste Disorders ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Olfaction Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2724325-4
ISSN	2051-817X ; 2051-817X
ISSN (online)	2051-817X
ISSN	2051-817X
DOI	10.14814/phy2.15486
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Volabolomic Fingerprinting for Post-Mortem Interval Estimation: A Novel Physiological Approach.

Mazzatenta, Andrea / Pietrangelo, Tiziana / Demontis, Roberto / D'Ovidio, Cristian

Biomolecules

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: Death is a multifaceted process wherein each individual cell and tissue has a metabolic homeostasis and a time of functional cessation defined by the dying process as well as by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Decomposition is physiologically associated ...

Abstract	Death is a multifaceted process wherein each individual cell and tissue has a metabolic homeostasis and a time of functional cessation defined by the dying process as well as by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Decomposition is physiologically associated with the release of different types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and these form volaboloma mortis. The main purpose of this study was to record the volabolomic fingerprint produced by volatile molecules during the physiological decomposition process of human tissue and muscle cells. The volatile chemical signature has important implications for an open issue in forensics and pathology, namely the estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI), which decreases in accuracy with the passage of time. Volatile metabolites emitted from human tissues and muscle cells at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h were recorded in real time with an electronic nose sensor device. The key findings were the continuous sampling of VOCs emitted from tissues and cells. These showed a common behavior as time progressed; particularly, after 48 h the distributions became dispersed, and after 72 h they became more variable. Volabolomic fingerprinting associated with time progression relevant to the study of PMIs was reconstructed. Additionally, there may be broader applications, such as in dog training procedures for detecting human remains, and perhaps even for studying scavenger and insect attractants.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Autopsy ; Postmortem Changes
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2701262-1
ISSN	2218-273X ; 2218-273X
ISSN (online)	2218-273X
ISSN	2218-273X
DOI	10.3390/biom14030286
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Editorial: Loss of taste and smell in COVID-19 patients: A prognostic tool and a starting point to investigate the action of SARS-CoV-2 in the central nervous system.

Maffei, Margherita / Mazzatenta, Andrea / Origlia, Nicola

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 1191227

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2452963-1
ISSN	1662-5102
ISSN	1662-5102
DOI	10.3389/fncel.2023.1191227
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Is Skull-Vibration-Induced Nystagmus Modified with Aging?

Neri, Giampiero / Neri, Letizia / Xhepa, Klajdi / Mazzatenta, Andrea

Audiology research

2022 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 132–142

Abstract: Background: Despite clinical practice utilizing the Dumas test (SVINT), some questions remain unanswered, including the age-related changes in frequency (FN) and slow-phase angular velocity (SPAV). This study aims to retrospectively evaluate their ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite clinical practice utilizing the Dumas test (SVINT), some questions remain unanswered, including the age-related changes in frequency (FN) and slow-phase angular velocity (SPAV). This study aims to retrospectively evaluate their variations in subjects affected by unilateral peripheral vestibular loss (UPVL). Methods: We evaluated the selected samples based on the results of the SVINT, the results of the vestibular-evoked potentials (C-VEMP and O-VEMP), and the results of the head impulse test (HIT) and we compared the results against the age of the patients. We calculated the timing between the onset of UPVL and clinical evaluation in days. The presence or absence of VEMP indicated the UPVL severity. UPVL and BPPV patients with spontaneous or pseudo-spontaneous nystagmus were compared. Results: Statistical analysis showed changes in the FN and SPAV depending on age and the side of the application of the stimulus. We also observed that, in the UPVL, the severity of the disease modifies the SPAV, but not the frequency. Conclusions: The SVINT is a simple, reliable, and straightforward test that, if evaluated instrumentally, can show significant differences with aging. Further studies need to be performed to refine the clinical significance of the test and clarify its physiological background.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2039-4330
ISSN	2039-4330
DOI	10.3390/audiolres12020016
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Article: Olfactory Event-Related Potentials and Exhaled Organic Volatile Compounds: The Slow Link Between Olfactory Perception and Breath Metabolic Response. A Pilot Study on Phenylethyl Alcohol and Vaseline Oil.

Invitto, Sara / Mazzatenta, Andrea

Brain sciences

2019 Volume 9, Issue 4

Abstract: Olfactory processing starts with the breath and elicits neuronal, metabolic and cortical responses. This process can be investigated centrally via the Olfactory Event-Related Potentials (OERPs) and peripherally via exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds ( ... ...

Abstract	Olfactory processing starts with the breath and elicits neuronal, metabolic and cortical responses. This process can be investigated centrally via the Olfactory Event-Related Potentials (OERPs) and peripherally via exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Despite this, the relationship between OERPs (i.e., N1 and Late Positive Component LPC) and exhaled VOCs has not been investigated enough. The aim of this research is to study OERPs and VOCs connection to two different stimuli: phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) and Vaseline Oil (VO). Fifteen healthy subjects performed a perceptual olfactory task with PEA as a smell target stimulus and VO as a neutral stimulus. The results suggest that OERPs and VOCs distributions follow the same amplitude trend and that PEA is highly arousing in both psychophysiological measures. PEA shows ampler and faster N1, a component related to the sensorial aspect of the stimulus. The N1 topographic localization is different between PEA and VO: PEA stimulus evokes greater N1 in the left centroparietal site. LPC, a component elicited by the perceptual characteristic of the stimulus, shows faster latency in the Frontal lobe and decreased amplitude in the Central and Parietal lobe elicited by the PEA smell. Moreover, the delayed time between the onset of N1-LPC and the onset of VOCs seems to be about 3 s. This delay could be identified as the internal metabolic time in which the odorous stimulus, once perceived at the cortical level, is metabolized and subsequently exhaled. Furthermore, the VO stimulus does not allocate the attentive, perceptive and metabolic resource as with PEA.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci9040084
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: COVID-19 Smell Impairment and Crosstalk with Hypoxia Physiology.

Mazzatenta, Andrea / Maffei, Margherita / Di Giulio, Camillo / Neri, Giampiero

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 9

Abstract: Since its apomorphic appearance in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nowadays circulates as a plesiomorphic human virus in several synapomorphic variants. The respiratory tract is the most important site of infection, ...

Abstract	Since its apomorphic appearance in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nowadays circulates as a plesiomorphic human virus in several synapomorphic variants. The respiratory tract is the most important site of infection, the viral effects in the lungs are well described, and more than half of the patients could develop shortness of breath and dyspnea and require ventilatory support. The physiological sign of this condition is the decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood, leading to acute hypoxia, which could be a factor in the disease. In severe patients, we recorded several physiological parameters: breath frequency (BF), partial pressure of oxygen in the blood (pO
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life12091408
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Olfactory Response to Altitude Hypoxia: A Pilot Study During a Himalayan Trek.

Mazzatenta, Andrea / Bondi, Danilo / Di Giulio, Camillo / Verratti, Vittore

Advances in experimental medicine and biology

2022 Volume 1375, Page(s) 55–61

Abstract: The adaptation of olfaction to extreme environments is an area of limited understanding. This study aimed to get insights into the factors that constrain olfactory function at high altitudes. To this end, we compared the results of smell tests performed ... ...

Abstract	The adaptation of olfaction to extreme environments is an area of limited understanding. This study aimed to get insights into the factors that constrain olfactory function at high altitudes. To this end, we compared the results of smell tests performed on the same subjects at low (665 m) and high altitude (4,780 m) during the "Kanchenjunga Exploration and Physiology" project in the Himalayas. The most distinct adaptive differences found at high altitude were reductions in the odor intensity, color-odor bimodal association, and memory, and increases in flavor perception. Physiological adaptations of the sense of smell resulting from exposure to hypoxia at altitude may have explanatory validity in unraveling the mechanisms that shape changes in olfactory function in the processes of aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Pilot Projects ; Smell
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
ISSN (online)	2214-8019
ISSN	0065-2598
DOI	10.1007/5584_2021_679
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Unmasking the 'Asymptomatic' COVID-19: A Nose Question.

Mazzatenta, Andrea / Berardi, Anna / Novarria, Gabriele Alessandro / Neri, Giampiero

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 8

Abstract: The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has high infectivity, often masked by asymptomatic carriers, which allows it to spread rapidly and become a pandemic. Attempts to slow the pandemic at this stage depend on the ... ...

Abstract	The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has high infectivity, often masked by asymptomatic carriers, which allows it to spread rapidly and become a pandemic. Attempts to slow the pandemic at this stage depend on the ability to unmask asymptomatic carriers. The rapid diagnosis of active coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is one of the cornerstones of pandemic control, as the nasal cavity is the main gateway for SARS-CoV-2 entry and altered sense of smell is a feature of the current virus. In the present study, we therefore tested the olfactory threshold coupled with heart-lung parameters in subjects undergoing traditional molecular testing, resulting in a significantly different score between asymptomatic subjects and healthy controls. In total, 82% of asymptomatic positives showed olfactory impairment; of these, 46% had severe hyposmia and 7% had anosmia, while in the control 9% had severe hyposmia and 0% had anosmia, respectively, which agrees with heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure parameter variations. The olfactory test coupled with physiological parameters may help to identify asymptomatic people. In conclusion, our results suggest that most asymptomatic individuals could be unmasked by mass olfactory rapid threshold screening and then referred to traditional slower diagnostic tests.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life12081248
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as a marker of hypoxia in multiple chemical sensitivity.

Mazzatenta, Andrea / Pokorski, Mieczyslaw / Di Giulio, Camillo

Physiological reports

2021 Volume 9, Issue 18, Page(s) e15034

Abstract: In the history of diagnostics, breath analysis was one of the first method used until the breakthrough of biochemical testing technology. Today, breath analysis has made a comeback with the development of gas analyzers and e-noses, demonstrating its ... ...

Abstract	In the history of diagnostics, breath analysis was one of the first method used until the breakthrough of biochemical testing technology. Today, breath analysis has made a comeback with the development of gas analyzers and e-noses, demonstrating its power in its applicability for diagnosing a wide range of diseases. The physical basis of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), an emerging environmental disease, is difficult to understand because it is based on the scenario of chronic hypoxia, with a complex of chemical compounds that trigger the syndrome and result in multiple symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate MCS by analyzing exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The volatile, metabolic picture could be a putative gold standard for understanding and diagnosing the disease. The study was based on recording in resting condition using the noninvasive passive e-nose contactless breath test, the Olfactory Real-Time Volatile Organic Compounds (ORT-VOC) test in MCS, and control samples. The VOCs profile distinguished between disease and health. It also distinguished the gender-related volatile profile with significant robustness. The results trace a putative compensatory physiological pathway elicited by increased lactate, leading to acidosis, and hyperventilation, resulting in the production of specific VOCs. We conclude that breath testing is a valuable tool to investigate the hypoxia-related VOC profile, facilitating MCS diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Breath Tests/methods ; Breath Tests/standards ; Exhalation ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia/diagnosis ; Hypoxia/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Volatile Organic Compounds
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2724325-4
ISSN	2051-817X ; 2051-817X
ISSN (online)	2051-817X
ISSN	2051-817X
DOI	10.14814/phy2.15034
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The Evanescent Bouquet of Individual Bear Fingerprint

Mazzatenta, Andrea / Fiorito, Serena / Guadagnini, Roberto / Genovese, Salvatore / Valentini, Alberto / Bonadiman, Federica / Guadagnini, Sofia / Epifano, Francesco / Mollica, Adriano

Animals. 2023 Jan. 06, v. 13, no. 2

2023

Abstract: The evanescent and invisible communication carried by chemical signals, pheromones, or signature mixtures or, as we prefer, the pheromonal individual fingerprint, between members of the same species is poorly studied in mammals, mainly because of the ... ...

Abstract	The evanescent and invisible communication carried by chemical signals, pheromones, or signature mixtures or, as we prefer, the pheromonal individual fingerprint, between members of the same species is poorly studied in mammals, mainly because of the lack of identification of the molecules. The difference between pheromones and the pheromonal individual fingerprint is that the former generate stereotyped innate responses while the latter requires learning, i.e., different receivers can learn different signature mixtures from the same individual. Furthermore, pheromones are usually produced by a particular gland, while the pheromonal individual fingerprint is the entire bouquet produced by the entire secreting gland of the body. In the present study, we aim to investigate the pheromonal individual fingerprint of brown bears in northern Italy. We collected the entire putative pheromone bouquet from all production sites in free-ranging bears and analyzed the entire crude extract to profile the individual fingerprint according to species-, sex- and subjective-specific characteristics. We were able to putatively characterize the brown bears’ pheromonal individual fingerprints and compare them with the partial pheromone identifications published by other studies. This work is a step forward in the study of the complexity of chemical communication, particularly in a solitary endangered species.
Keywords	chemical communication ; endangered species ; pheromones ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0106
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13020220
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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