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  1. Article: Interaction between castanospermine an immunosuppressant and cyclosporin A in rat cardiac transplantation.

    Hibberd, Adrian D / Clark, David A / Trevillian, Paul R / Mcelduff, Patrick

    World journal of transplantation

    2016  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 206–214

    Abstract: Aim: To investigate the interaction between castanospermine and cyclosporin A (CsA) and to provide an explanation for it.: Methods: The alkaloid castanospermine was prepared from the seeds of Castanospermum austral consistently achieving purity. Rat ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To investigate the interaction between castanospermine and cyclosporin A (CsA) and to provide an explanation for it.
    Methods: The alkaloid castanospermine was prepared from the seeds of Castanospermum austral consistently achieving purity. Rat heterotopic cardiac transplantation and mixed lymphocyte reactivity were done using genetically inbred strains of PVG (donor) and DA (recipient). For the mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulator cells were irradiated with 3000 rads using a linear accelerator. Cyclosporin A was administered by gavage and venous blood collected 2 h later (C2). The blood levels of CsA (Neoral) were measured by immunoassay which consisted of a homogeneous enzyme assay (EMIT) on Cobas Mira. Statistical analyses of interactions were done by an accelerated failure time model with Weibull distribution for allograft survival and logistic regression for the mixed lymphocyte reactivity.
    Results: Castanospermine prolonged transplant survival times as a function of dose even at relatively low doses. Cyclosporin A also prolonged transplant survival times as a function of dose particularly at doses above 2 mg/kg. There were synergistic interactions between castanospermine and CsA in the prolongation of cardiac allograft survival for dose ranges of CsA by castanospermine of (0 to 2) mg/kg by (0 to 200) mg/kg (HR = 0.986; 95%CI: 0.981-0.992; P < 0.001) and (0 to 3) mg/kg by (0 to 100) mg/kg (HR = 0.986; 95%CI: 0.981-0.992; P < 0.001) respectively. The addition of castanospermine did not significantly increase the levels of cyclosporin A on day 3 or day 6 for all doses of CsA. On the contrary, cessation of castanospermine in the presence of CsA at 2 mg/kg significantly increased the CsA level (P = 0.002). Castanospermine inhibited mixed lymphocyte reactivity in a dose dependent manner but without synergistic interaction.
    Conclusion: There is synergistic interaction between castanospermine and CsA in rat cardiac transplantation. Neither the mixed lymphocyte reaction nor the metabolism of CsA provides an explanation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2220-3230
    ISSN 2220-3230
    DOI 10.5500/wjt.v6.i1.206
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Move more for life

    Short Camille E / James Erica L / Girgis Afaf / Mcelduff Patrick / Plotnikoff Ronald C

    BMC Cancer, Vol 12, Iss 1, p

    the protocol for a randomised efficacy trial of a tailored-print physical activity intervention for post-treatment breast cancer survivors

    2012  Volume 172

    Abstract: Abstract Background Due to early detection and advances in treatment, the number of women surviving breast cancer is increasing. Whilst there are many positive aspects of improved survival, breast cancer survival is associated with many long-term health ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Due to early detection and advances in treatment, the number of women surviving breast cancer is increasing. Whilst there are many positive aspects of improved survival, breast cancer survival is associated with many long-term health and psychosocial sequelae. Engaging in regular physical activity post-diagnosis can reduce this burden. Despite this evidence, the majority of breast cancer survivors do not engage in regular physical activity. The challenge is to provide breast cancer survivors with appealing and effective physical activity support in a sustainable and cost-effective way. This article describes the protocol for the Move More for Life Study, which aims to assess the relative efficacy of two promising theory-based, print interventions designed to promote regular physical activity amongst breast cancer survivors. Method and design Breast cancer survivors were recruited from across Australia. Participants will be randomised into one of three groups: (1) A tailored-print intervention group, (2) a targeted-print intervention group, or (3) a standard recommendation control group. Participants in the tailored-print intervention group will receive 3 tailored newsletters in the mail over a three month period. Participants in the targeted-print group will receive a previously developed physical activity guidebook designed specifically for breast cancer survivors immediately after baseline. Participants in the standard recommendation control will receive a brochure detailing the physical activity guidelines for Australian adults. All participants will be assessed at baseline, and at 4 and 10 months post-baseline. Intervention efficacy for changing the primary outcomes (mins/wk aerobic physical activity; sessions/exercises per week resistance physical activity) and secondary outcomes (steps per day, health-related quality life, compliance with physical activity guidelines, fatigue) will be assessed. Mediation and moderation analyses will also be conducted. Discussion Given the growing number of cancer survivors, distance-based behaviour change programs addressing physical activity have the potential to make a significant public health impact. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) identifier: ACTRN12611001061921
    Keywords Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Oncology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Subject code 796
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BioMed Central
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Efficacy of GP referral of insufficiently active patients for expert physical activity counseling: protocol for a pragmatic randomized trial (The NewCOACH trial).

    James, Erica L / Ewald, Ben / Johnson, Natalie / Brown, Wendy / Stacey, Fiona G / Mcelduff, Patrick / Booth, Angela / Yang, Fan / Hespe, Charlotte / Plotnikoff, Ronald C

    BMC family practice

    2014  Volume 15, Page(s) 218

    Abstract: Background: Physical inactivity is fourth in the list of risk factors for global mortality. General practitioners are well placed to offer physical activity counseling but insufficient time is a barrier. Although referral to an exercise specialist is an ...

    Abstract Background: Physical inactivity is fourth in the list of risk factors for global mortality. General practitioners are well placed to offer physical activity counseling but insufficient time is a barrier. Although referral to an exercise specialist is an alternative, in Australia, these allied health professionals are only publicly funded to provide face-to-face counseling to patients who have an existing chronic illness. Accordingly, this trial aims to determine the efficacy of GP referral of insufficiently active patients (regardless of their chronic disease status) for physical activity counseling (either face-to-face or predominately via telephone) by exercise specialists, based on patients' objectively assessed physical activity levels, compared with usual care. If the trial is efficacious, the equivalence and cost-effectiveness of face-to-face counseling versus telephone counseling will be assessed.
    Methods: This three arm pragmatic randomized trial will involve the recruitment of 261 patients from primary care clinics in metropolitan and regional areas of New South Wales, Australia. Insufficiently active (less than 7000 steps/day) consenting adult patients will be randomly assigned to: 1) five face-to-face counseling sessions, 2) one face-to-face counseling session followed by four telephone calls, or 3) a generic mailed physical activity brochure (usual care). The interventions will operationalize social cognitive theory via a behavior change counseling framework. Participants will complete a survey and seven days of pedometry at baseline, and at three and 12 months post-randomization. The primary analyses will be based on intention-to-treat principles and will compare: (i) mean change in average daily step counts between baseline and 12 months for the combined intervention group (Group 1: face-to-face, and Group 2: telephone) and usual care (Group 3); (ii) step counts at 3 months post-randomization. Secondary outcomes include: self-reported physical activity, sedentary behavior, quality of life, and depression.
    Discussion: If referral of primary care patients to exercise specialists increases physical activity, this process offers the prospect of systematically and sustainably reaching a large proportion of insufficiently active adults. If shown to be efficacious this trial provides evidence to expand public funding beyond those with a chronic disease and for delivery via telephone as well as face-to-face consultations.
    Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611000884909 .
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Australia ; Counseling/methods ; Depression ; Exercise ; General Practice/methods ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; New South Wales ; Quality of Life ; Referral and Consultation ; Sedentary Behavior ; Telephone
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Pragmatic Clinical Trial ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1471-2296
    ISSN (online) 1471-2296
    DOI 10.1186/s12875-014-0218-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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