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  1. Article ; Online: Community-level explicit racial prejudice potentiates whites' neural responses to black faces: A spatial meta-analysis.

    Hatzenbuehler, Mark L / Mclaughlin, Katie A / Weissman, David G / Cikara, Mina

    Social neuroscience

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 508–519

    Abstract: We evaluated the hypothesis that neural responses to racial out-group members vary systematically based on the level of racial prejudice in the surrounding community. To do so, we conducted a spatial meta-analysis, which included a comprehensive set of ... ...

    Abstract We evaluated the hypothesis that neural responses to racial out-group members vary systematically based on the level of racial prejudice in the surrounding community. To do so, we conducted a spatial meta-analysis, which included a comprehensive set of studies (k = 22; N = 481). Specifically, we tested whether community-level racial prejudice moderated neural activation to Black (vs. White) faces in primarily White participants. Racial attitudes, obtained from Project Implicit, were aggregated to the county (k = 17; N = 10,743) in which each study was conducted. Multi-level kernel density analysis demonstrated that significant differences in neural activation to Black (vs. White) faces in right amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were detected more often in communities with higher (vs. lower) levels of explicit (but not implicit) racial prejudice. These findings advance social-cognitive neuroscience by identifying aspects of macro-social contexts that may alter neural responses to out-group members.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Prejudice ; Racism ; White People ; Black People ; Facial Recognition ; Amygdala ; Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2234411-1
    ISSN 1747-0927 ; 1747-0919
    ISSN (online) 1747-0927
    ISSN 1747-0919
    DOI 10.1080/17470919.2022.2153915
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa: analysis from the South African Stress and Health Study.

    Atwoli, Lukoye / Stein, Dan J / Williams, David R / Mclaughlin, Katie A / Petukhova, Maria / Kessler, Ronald C / Koenen, Karestan C

    BMC psychiatry

    2013  Volume 13, Page(s) 182

    Abstract: Background: South Africa's unique history, characterised by apartheid, a form of constitutional racial segregation and exploitation, and a long period of political violence and state-sponsored oppression ending only in 1994, suggests a high level of ... ...

    Abstract Background: South Africa's unique history, characterised by apartheid, a form of constitutional racial segregation and exploitation, and a long period of political violence and state-sponsored oppression ending only in 1994, suggests a high level of trauma exposure in the general population. The aim of this study was to document the epidemiology of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the South African general population.
    Methods: The South African Stress and Health Study is a nationally representative survey of South African adults using the WHO's Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to assess exposure to trauma and presence of DSM-IV mental disorders.
    Results: The most common traumatic events were the unexpected death of a loved one and witnessing trauma occurring to others. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of PTSD were 2.3% and 0.7% respectively, while the conditional prevalence of PTSD after trauma exposure was 3.5%. PTSD conditional risk after trauma exposure and probability of chronicity after PTSD onset were both highest for witnessing trauma. Socio-demographic factors such as sex, age and education were largely unrelated to PTSD risk.
    Conclusions: The occurrence of trauma and PTSD in South Africa is not distributed according to the socio-demographic factors or trauma types observed in other countries. The dominant role of witnessing in contributing to PTSD may reflect the public settings of trauma exposure in South Africa and highlight the importance of political and social context in shaping the epidemiology of PTSD.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Violence/statistics & numerical data ; Warfare
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1471-244X
    ISSN (online) 1471-244X
    DOI 10.1186/1471-244X-13-182
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Serious emotional disturbance among youths exposed to Hurricane Katrina 2 years postdisaster.

    Mclaughlin, Katie A / Fairbank, John A / Gruber, Michael J / Jones, Russell T / Lakoma, Matthew D / Pfefferbaum, Betty / Sampson, Nancy A / Kessler, Ronald C

    Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

    2009  Volume 48, Issue 11, Page(s) 1069–1078

    Abstract: Objective: To estimate the prevalence of serious emotional disturbance (SED) among children and adolescents exposed to Hurricane Katrina along with the associations of SED with hurricane-related stressors, sociodemographics, and family factors 18 to 27 ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of serious emotional disturbance (SED) among children and adolescents exposed to Hurricane Katrina along with the associations of SED with hurricane-related stressors, sociodemographics, and family factors 18 to 27 months after the hurricane.
    Method: A probability sample of prehurricane residents of areas affected by Hurricane Katrina was administered a telephone survey. Respondents provided information on up to two of their children (n = 797) aged 4 to 17 years. The survey assessed hurricane-related stressors and lifetime history of psychopathology in respondents, screened for 12-month SED in respondents' children using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and determined whether children's emotional and behavioral problems were attributable to Hurricane Katrina.
    Results: The estimated prevalence of SED was 14.9%, and 9.3% of the youths were estimated to have SED that is directly attributable to Hurricane Katrina. Stress exposure was associated strongly with SED, and 20.3% of the youths with high stress exposure had hurricane-attributable SED. Death of a loved one had the strongest association with SED among prehurricane residents of New Orleans, whereas exposure to physical adversity had the strongest association in the remainder of the sample. Among children with stress exposure, parental psychopathology and poverty were associated with SED.
    Conclusions: The prevalence of SED among youths exposed to Hurricane Katrina remains high 18 to 27 months after the storm, suggesting a substantial need for mental health treatment resources in the hurricane-affected areas. The youths who were exposed to hurricane-related stressors, have a family history of psychopathology, and have lower family incomes are at greatest risk for long-term psychiatric impairment.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Affective Symptoms/diagnosis ; Affective Symptoms/epidemiology ; Affective Symptoms/psychology ; Alabama ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis ; Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology ; Child Behavior Disorders/psychology ; Child of Impaired Parents/psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Conduct Disorder/diagnosis ; Conduct Disorder/epidemiology ; Conduct Disorder/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cyclonic Storms ; Disasters ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Louisiana ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mississippi ; New Orleans ; Personality Assessment ; Poverty/psychology ; Poverty/statistics & numerical data ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-10-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 392535-3
    ISSN 1527-5418 ; 0890-8567
    ISSN (online) 1527-5418
    ISSN 0890-8567
    DOI 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181b76697
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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