Article ; Online: Heliorhodopsin binds and regulates glutamine synthetase activity.
2022 Volume 20, Issue 10, Page(s) e3001817
Abstract: Photoreceptors are light-sensitive proteins found in various organisms that respond to light and relay signals into the cells. Heliorhodopsin, a retinal-binding membrane protein, has been recently discovered, however its function remains unknown. Herein, ...
| Abstract | Photoreceptors are light-sensitive proteins found in various organisms that respond to light and relay signals into the cells. Heliorhodopsin, a retinal-binding membrane protein, has been recently discovered, however its function remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the relationship between Actinobacteria bacterium IMCC26103 heliorhodopsin (AbHeR) and an adjacent glutamine synthetase (AbGS) in the same operon. We demonstrate that AbHeR binds to AbGS and regulates AbGS activity. More specifically, the dissociation constant (Kd) value of the binding between AbHeR and AbGS is 6.06 μM. Moreover, the absence of positively charged residues within the intracellular loop of AbHeR impacted Kd value as they serve as critical binding sites for AbGS. We also confirm that AbHeR up-regulates the biosynthetic enzyme activity of AbGS both in vitro and in vivo in the presence of light. GS is a key enzyme involved in nitrogen assimilation that catalyzes the conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. Hence, the interaction between AbHeR and AbGS may be critical for nitrogen assimilation in Actinobacteria bacterium IMCC26103 as it survives in low-nutrient environments. Overall, the findings of our study describe, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a novel function of heliorhodopsin as a regulatory rhodopsin with the capacity to bind and regulate enzyme activity required for nitrogen assimilation. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Ammonia/metabolism ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/chemistry ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Glutamine ; Nitrogen ; Rhodopsin ; Rhodopsins, Microbial |
| Chemical Substances | Rhodopsins, Microbial ; heliorhodopsin ; Glutamine (0RH81L854J) ; Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L) ; Ammonia (7664-41-7) ; Rhodopsin (9009-81-8) ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2022-10-03 |
| Publishing country | United States |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| ZDB-ID | 2126776-5 |
| ISSN | 1545-7885 ; 1544-9173 |
| ISSN (online) | 1545-7885 |
| ISSN | 1544-9173 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001817 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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