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Article: Prey interactions in tiger sharks: Accounting for visual perception in animal-borne cameras

Ryan, Laura A. / Andrzejaczek, Samantha / Gleiss, Adrian C. / Meekan, Mark G. / Chapple, Taylor K. / Hart, Nathan S.

Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology. 2022 Aug., v. 553

2022

Abstract: The ‘evolutionary arms race’ between predator and prey is responsible for many physiological, morphological, and behavioural adaptations and some of the most compelling examples relate to the generation and detection of visual signals. Better ... ...

Abstract	The ‘evolutionary arms race’ between predator and prey is responsible for many physiological, morphological, and behavioural adaptations and some of the most compelling examples relate to the generation and detection of visual signals. Better understanding of adaptations can arise from approaching predator-prey dynamics from the point of view of the animals themselves, such as through animal-borne cameras. As we learn more about an animal's visual system, we can take this further and analyse visual scenes through their eyes. In this study video cameras mounted on tiger sharks were used to analyse motion cues of sea turtles using two-dimensional motion detector (2DMD) models. Sharks were also equipped with tri-axial motion-sensors to compare visual motion cues to behaviour, using the behavioural metrics of overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), path tortuosity, tailbeat frequency and tailbeat acceleration signal amplitude. When comparing the behaviours of sharks in the minute before and after interactions with sea turtles, we found lower ODBA of sharks associated with sea turtles that produced greater visual motion cues. These turtles also invoked swimming by sharks that was more tortuous than when no turtle was encountered. Together, these behaviours suggest that tiger sharks may potentially stalking turtles that produced greater motion cues. Many sea turtles did not stand out from the background motion suggesting they remain motionless as a form of camouflage. This study provides insights into the use of visual cues in prey identification by tiger sharks and the camouflage strategies used by sea turtles to avoid predation.
Keywords	camouflage ; predation ; visual perception
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	410283-6
ISSN	0022-0981
ISSN	0022-0981
DOI	10.1016/j.jembe.2022.151764
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Natural nutrient subsidies alter demographic rates in a functionally important coral-reef fish.

Benkwitt, Cassandra E / Taylor, Brett M / Meekan, Mark G / Graham, Nicholas A J

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 12575

Abstract: By improving resource quality, cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies may boost demographic rates of consumers in recipient ecosystems, which in turn can affect population and community dynamics. However, empirical studies on how nutrient subsidies ... ...

Abstract	By improving resource quality, cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies may boost demographic rates of consumers in recipient ecosystems, which in turn can affect population and community dynamics. However, empirical studies on how nutrient subsidies simultaneously affect multiple demographic rates are lacking, in part because humans have disrupted the majority of these natural flows. Here, we compare the demographics of a sex-changing parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) between reefs where cross-ecosystem nutrients provided by seabirds are available versus nearby reefs where invasive, predatory rats have removed seabird populations. For this functionally important species, we found evidence for a trade-off between investing in growth and fecundity, with parrotfish around rat-free islands with many seabirds exhibiting 35% faster growth, but 21% lower size-based fecundity, than those around rat-infested islands with few seabirds. Although there were no concurrent differences in population-level density or biomass, overall mean body size was 16% larger around rat-free islands. Because the functional significance of parrotfish as grazers and bioeroders increases non-linearly with size, the increased growth rates and body sizes around rat-free islands likely contributes to higher ecosystem function on coral reefs that receive natural nutrient subsidies. More broadly, these results demonstrate additional benefits, and potential trade-offs, of restoring natural nutrient pathways for recipient ecosystems.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomass ; Coral Reefs ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/physiology ; Nutrients ; Population Density
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-91884-y
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Article: Shark and ray community structure in a turbid, nearshore coral reef habitat

Yon, Arthur / Meekan, Mark G / Andrzejaczek, Samantha / Martinez, Sarah / Speed, Conrad W

Marine & freshwater research. 2020, v. 71, no. 9

2020

Abstract: The coastline of northern Australia may be a refuge for elasmobranchs threatened or extirpated from much of their former ranges across South-East Asia. In this study, we used baited remote underwater video stations to survey the abundance, size and ... ...

Abstract	The coastline of northern Australia may be a refuge for elasmobranchs threatened or extirpated from much of their former ranges across South-East Asia. In this study, we used baited remote underwater video stations to survey the abundance, size and assemblage of elasmobranchs in the Cobourg Marine Park in northern Australia. Two sites were sampled inside the park and one site was sampled outside the park, covering two management zones: open and partially protected. During the austral summer, 85 individuals of 12 species of elasmobranch were observed over 12 days. No significant differences were observed among sites in either size or abundance for common species. Videos were dominated by Carcharhinus melanopterus (relative abundance±s.d., 0.29±0.90h-1), Nebrius ferrugineus (0.03±0.24h-1) and Urogymnus granulatus (0.08±0.28h-1), which comprised >81% of all individuals. Environmental variables had no measurable effect on the abundance of elasmobranchs. The abundance and diversity of elasmobranchs in Cobourg Marine Park is high compared with other similar turbid, inshore areas of northern Australia. The large number of juveniles observed in our surveys also suggests the possibility of a nursery area.
Keywords	Carcharhinus ; Nebrius ferrugineus ; coasts ; community structure ; coral reefs ; environmental factors ; juveniles ; marine parks ; summer ; surveys ; Australia ; South East Asia
Language	English
Size	p. 1194-1204.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1283028-8
ISSN	1323-1650
ISSN	1323-1650
DOI	10.1071/MF19301
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Article: Relative influence of predators, competitors and seascape heterogeneity on behaviour and abundance of coral reef mesopredators

Lester, Emily K. / Langlois, Tim J. / McCormick, Mark I. / Simpson, Stephen D. / Bond, Todd / Meekan, Mark G.

Oikos. 2021 Dec., v. 130, no. 12

2021

Abstract: Determining influences of predation and competition on community dynamics is particularly challenging in coral reef systems where interspecific interactions between many predator and prey species play out in patchy landscapes. We used ~1000 stereo‐baited ...

Abstract	Determining influences of predation and competition on community dynamics is particularly challenging in coral reef systems where interspecific interactions between many predator and prey species play out in patchy landscapes. We used ~1000 stereo‐baited remote underwater video deployments (stereo‐BRUVs) to assess the relative abundance and analysed the behaviour of two size classes of mesopredatory teleosts (lutajnids, serranids, lethrinids) in the presence and absence of larger predators (mesopredatory and apex carcharhinids). For mesopredatory teleosts, the presence of sharks did not influence the abundance, time of arrival in vicinity of the stereo‐BRUVs, the probability of feeding on bait or the delay to feeding. Instead, the number of similar‐sized competitors and surrounding habitat features were the strongest drivers of these behavioural metrics. We suggest that for most fishes, the predatory threat posed by highly mobile species such as sharks is likely to be sporadic and transitory, whereas competition is ubiquitous and ever present, particularly for schooling taxa. Ultimately, it is likely that both processes interact to determine behavioural phenotypes as individuals that are inferior competitors can be displaced from safe habitats or prohibited from access to resources and will be more susceptible to predation. Future studies should consider the relative effects of both processes and the degree to which each can be shaped by habitat when investigating trophic dynamics that regulate marine communities.
Keywords	Serranidae ; coral reefs ; mesopredators ; predation ; prey species ; probability
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 2239-2249.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	207359-6
ISSN	0030-1299
ISSN	0030-1299
DOI	10.1111/oik.08463
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Article: Depth-dependent dive kinematics suggest cost-efficient foraging strategies by tiger sharks.

Andrzejaczek, Samantha / Gleiss, Adrian C / Lear, Karissa O / Pattiaratchi, Charitha / Chapple, Taylor K / Meekan, Mark G

Royal Society open science

2020 Volume 7, Issue 8, Page(s) 200789

Abstract: Tiger sharks, ...

Abstract	Tiger sharks,
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.200789
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Marine restoration projects are undervalued.

Gordon, Timothy A C / Radford, Andrew N / Simpson, Stephen D / Meekan, Mark G

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2020 Volume 367, Issue 6478, Page(s) 635–636

MeSH term(s)	Conservation of Natural Resources ; Coral Reefs ; Ecosystem
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.aba9141
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Article ; Online: Diet and condition of mesopredators on coral reefs in relation to shark abundance.

Barley, Shanta C / Meekan, Mark G / Meeuwig, Jessica J

PloS one

2017 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) e0165113

Abstract: Reef sharks may influence the foraging behaviour of mesopredatory teleosts on coral reefs via both risk effects and competitive exclusion. We used a "natural experiment" to test the hypothesis that the loss of sharks on coral reefs can influence the diet ...

Abstract	Reef sharks may influence the foraging behaviour of mesopredatory teleosts on coral reefs via both risk effects and competitive exclusion. We used a "natural experiment" to test the hypothesis that the loss of sharks on coral reefs can influence the diet and body condition of mesopredatory fishes by comparing two remote, atoll-like reef systems, the Rowley Shoals and the Scott Reefs, in northwestern Australia. The Rowley Shoals are a marine reserve where sharks are abundant, whereas at the Scott Reefs numbers of sharks have been reduced by centuries of targeted fishing. On reefs where sharks were rare, the gut contents of five species of mesopredatory teleosts largely contained fish while on reefs with abundant sharks, the same mesopredatory species consumed a larger proportion of benthic invertebrates. These measures of diet were correlated with changes in body condition, such that the condition of mesopredatory teleosts was significantly poorer on reefs with higher shark abundance. Condition was defined as body weight, height and width for a given length and also estimated via several indices of condition. Due to the nature of natural experiments, alternative explanations cannot be discounted. However, the results were consistent with the hypothesis that loss of sharks may influence the diet and condition of mesopredators and by association, their fecundity and trophic role. Regardless of the mechanism (risk effects, competitive release, or other), our findings suggest that overfishing of sharks has the potential to trigger trophic cascades on coral reefs and that further declines in shark populations globally should be prevented to protect ecosystem health.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Australia ; Bivalvia/physiology ; Brachyura/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Coral Reefs ; Cypriniformes/physiology ; Diet ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Food Chain ; Gastropoda/physiology ; Male ; Perciformes/physiology ; Sharks/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0165113
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Article ; Online: A large-scale experiment finds no consistent evidence of change in mortality or commercial productivity in silverlip pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima) exposed to a seismic source survey.

Parsons, Miles J G / Barneche, Diego R / Speed, Conrad W / McCauley, Robert D / Day, Ryan D / Dang, Cecile / Fisher, Rebecca / Gholipour-Kanani, Hosna / Newman, Stephen J / Semmens, Jayson M / Meekan, Mark G

Marine pollution bulletin

2023 Volume 199, Page(s) 115480

Abstract: High-intensity, impulsive sounds are used to locate oil and gas reserves during seismic exploration of the seafloor. The impacts of this noise pollution on the health and mortality of marine invertebrates are not well known, including the silverlip pearl ...

Abstract	High-intensity, impulsive sounds are used to locate oil and gas reserves during seismic exploration of the seafloor. The impacts of this noise pollution on the health and mortality of marine invertebrates are not well known, including the silverlip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima), which comprises one of the world's last remaining significant wildstock pearl oyster fisheries, in northwestern Australia. We exposed ≈11,000 P. maxima to a four-day experimental seismic survey, plus one vessel-control day. After exposure, survival rates were monitored throughout a full two-year production cycle, and the number and quality of pearls produced at harvest were assessed. Oysters from two groups, on one sampling day, exhibited reduced survival and pearl productivity compared to controls, but 14 other groups receiving similar or higher exposure levels did not. We therefore found no conclusive evidence of an impact of the seismic source survey on oyster mortality or pearl production.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Pinctada ; Noise ; Sound ; Australia ; Fisheries
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115480
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Article: Patterns and drivers of vertical movements of the large fishes of the epipelagic

Andrzejaczek, Samantha / Gleiss, Adrian C / Meekan, Mark G / Pattiaratchi, Charitha B

Reviews in fish biology and fisheries. 2019 June, v. 29, no. 2

2019

Abstract: Large epipelagic fishes (> 30 kg maximum size) are known to display a variety of patterns of vertical movement. Although advances in the affordability and sophistication of electronic tags now allows researchers to routinely document these patterns, ... ...

Abstract	Large epipelagic fishes (> 30 kg maximum size) are known to display a variety of patterns of vertical movement. Although advances in the affordability and sophistication of electronic tags now allows researchers to routinely document these patterns, there is no standardised approach to classify these behaviours and investigate their physical and biological drivers. This paper reviews the existing knowledge of the vertical movements of large, epipelagic fishes and the evidence for the underlying factors that structure this behaviour. The review focuses on behaviours occurring at a range of temporal scales, from seconds to years. We propose that patterns of vertical movement in gill-breathing animals of the epipelagic are best characterised by the need to move continuously in a three-dimensional environment while optimising food encounter and energy expenditure, avoiding predators, searching for mates and remaining within the limits imposed by the physical environment on their physiology (notably water temperature and oxygen). Modern biologging technologies that record both the internal (body temperature, heart rate) and external physical environment coupled with direct recording of behaviour from tri-axial sensors and animal-borne cameras offer a new approach to the analysis of drivers of vertical movement. Ultimately, this can provide insights into the evolution of the behaviour and morphology of these animals.
Keywords	body temperature ; cameras ; energy expenditure ; fish ; heart rate ; locomotion ; oxygen ; predators ; water temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-06
Size	p. 335-354.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	1498719-3
ISSN	1573-5184 ; 0960-3166
ISSN (online)	1573-5184
ISSN	0960-3166
DOI	10.1007/s11160-019-09555-1
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Article: Synchronous biological feedbacks in parrotfishes associated with pantropical coral bleaching

Taylor, Brett M / Benkwitt, Cassandra E / Choat, Howard / Clements, Kendall D / Graham, Nicholas A. J / Meekan, Mark G

Global change biology. 2020 Mar., v. 26, no. 3

2020

Abstract: Biological feedbacks generated through patterns of disturbance are vital for sustaining ecosystem states. Recent ocean warming and thermal anomalies have caused pantropical episodes of coral bleaching, which has led to widespread coral mortality and a ... ...

Abstract	Biological feedbacks generated through patterns of disturbance are vital for sustaining ecosystem states. Recent ocean warming and thermal anomalies have caused pantropical episodes of coral bleaching, which has led to widespread coral mortality and a range of subsequent effects on coral reef communities. Although the response of many reef‐associated fishes to major disturbance events on coral reefs is negative (e.g., reduced abundance and condition), parrotfishes show strong feedbacks after disturbance to living reef structure manifesting as increases in abundance. However, the mechanisms underlying this response are poorly understood. Using biochronological reconstructions of annual otolith (ear stone) growth from two ocean basins, we tested whether parrotfish growth was enhanced following bleaching‐related coral mortality, thus providing an organismal mechanism for demographic changes in populations. Both major feeding guilds of parrotfishes (scrapers and excavators) exhibited enhanced growth of individuals after bleaching that was decoupled from expected thermal performance, a pattern that was not evident in other reef fish taxa from the same environment. These results provide evidence for a more nuanced ecological feedback system—one where disturbance plays a key role in mediating parrotfish–benthos interactions. By influencing the biology of assemblages, disturbance can thereby stimulate change in parrotfish grazing intensity and ultimately reef geomorphology over time. This feedback cycle operated historically at within‐reef scales; however, our results demonstrate that the scale, magnitude, and severity of recent thermal events are entraining the biological responses of disparate communities to respond in synchrony. This may fundamentally alter feedbacks in the relationships between parrotfishes and reef systems.
Keywords	Scaridae ; basins ; bleaching ; coral bleaching ; coral reefs ; corals ; ecosystems ; fish ; grazing intensity ; mortality ; ocean warming ; otoliths
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-03
Size	p. 1285-1294.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.14909
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