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Article ; Online: Stability of pathogens on banknotes and coins: A narrative review.

Meister, Toni Luise / Kirchhoff, Lisa / Brüggemann, Yannick / Todt, Daniel / Steinmann, Joerg / Steinmann, Eike

2023 Volume 95, Issue 12, Page(s) e29312

Abstract: For the prevention of infectious diseases, knowledge about potential transmission routes is essential. Pathogens can be transmitted directly (i.e. respiratory droplets, hand-to-hand contact) or indirectly via contaminated surfaces (fomites). In ... ...

Abstract	For the prevention of infectious diseases, knowledge about potential transmission routes is essential. Pathogens can be transmitted directly (i.e. respiratory droplets, hand-to-hand contact) or indirectly via contaminated surfaces (fomites). In particular, frequently touched objects/surfaces may serve as transmission vehicles for different clinically relevant bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. Banknotes and coins offer ample surface area and are frequently exchanged between individuals. Consequently, many concerns have been raised in the recent past, that banknotes and coins could serve as vectors for the transmission of disease-causing microorganisms. This review summarizes the latest research on the potential of paper currency and coins to serve as sources of pathogenic viral, bacterial, and fungal agents. In contrast to the current perception of banknotes and coins as important transmission vehicles, current evidence suggests, that banknotes and coins do not pose a particular risk of pathogen infection for the public.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Numismatics ; Fomites ; Bacteria/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.29312
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Monitoring of hepatitis E virus in wastewater can identify clinically relevant variants.

Rau, Fiona / Elsner, Carina / Meister, Toni Luise / Gömer, André / Kallies, René / Dittmer, Ulf / Steinmann, Eike / Todt, Daniel

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver

2024 Volume 44, Issue 3, Page(s) 637–643

Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent worldwide and can cause persistent infection with severe morbidity. Antiviral treatment approaches can lead to the emergence of viral variants encoding escape mutations that may impede viral clearance. The frequency ... ...

Abstract	Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent worldwide and can cause persistent infection with severe morbidity. Antiviral treatment approaches can lead to the emergence of viral variants encoding escape mutations that may impede viral clearance. The frequency of these variants remains unknown in the human population as well as environment due to limited comprehensive data on HEV diversity. In this study, we investigated the HEV prevalence and diversity of circulating variants in environmental samples, that is, wastewater and rivers from North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany. HEV prevalence could be determined with 73% of samples tested positive for viral RNA via qRT-PCR. Using high-throughput sequencing, we were able to assess the overall genetic diversity in these samples and identified the presence of clinically relevant variants associated with drug resistance. In summary, monitoring variants from environmental samples could provide valuable insights into estimating HEV prevalence and identifying circulating variants that can impact treatment outcome.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hepatitis E virus/genetics ; Wastewater ; Hepatitis E/diagnosis ; Hepatitis E/drug therapy ; Hepatitis E/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Prevalence ; RNA, Viral/genetics
Chemical Substances	Wastewater ; RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2102783-3
ISSN	1478-3231 ; 1478-3223
ISSN (online)	1478-3231
ISSN	1478-3223
DOI	10.1111/liv.15842
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A touch transfer assay to determine surface transmission of highly pathogenic viruses.

Meister, Toni Luise / Brüggemann, Yannick / Tamele, Barbora / Howes, John / Steinmann, Eike / Todt, Daniel

STAR protocols

2022 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 101188

Abstract: Transmission via fomites poses a major dissemination route for many human pathogens, particularly because of transfer via fingertips. Here, we present a protocol to investigate direct transfer of infectious agents from fomites to humans via naked ... ...

Abstract	Transmission via fomites poses a major dissemination route for many human pathogens, particularly because of transfer via fingertips. Here, we present a protocol to investigate direct transfer of infectious agents from fomites to humans via naked fingertips. The protocol is suitable for pathogens requiring highest biosafety levels (e.g., SARS-CoV-2). We used an artificial skin to touch a defined volume of virus suspension and subsequent quantification of infectious entities allows quantitative measurement of transfer efficiency and risk assessment. For complete information on the generation and use of this manuscript, please refer to Todt et al. (2021).
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Fomites ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Touch ; Viruses
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2666-1667
ISSN (online)	2666-1667
DOI	10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101188
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Antiviral Effect of Budesonide against SARS-CoV-2

Heinen, Natalie / Meister, Toni Luise / Klöhn, Mara / Steinmann, Eike / Todt, Daniel / Pfaender, Stephanie

Viruses. 2021 July 20, v. 13, no. 7

2021

Abstract: Treatment options for COVID-19, a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, are currently severely limited. Therefore, antiviral drugs that efficiently reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication or alleviate COVID-19 ... ...

Abstract	Treatment options for COVID-19, a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, are currently severely limited. Therefore, antiviral drugs that efficiently reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication or alleviate COVID-19 symptoms are urgently needed. Inhaled glucocorticoids are currently being discussed in the context of treatment for COVID-19, partly based on a previous study that reported reduced recovery times in cases of mild COVID-19 after inhalative administration of the glucocorticoid budesonide. Given various reports that describe the potential antiviral activity of glucocorticoids against respiratory viruses, we aimed to analyze a potential antiviral activity of budesonide against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants of concern (VOC) B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta). We demonstrate a dose-dependent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 that was comparable between all viral variants tested while cell viability remains unaffected. Our results are encouraging as they could indicate a multimodal mode of action of budesonide against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, which could contribute to an improved clinical performance.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; antiviral properties ; cell viability ; dose response ; glucocorticoids ; mechanism of action
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0720
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13071411
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks.

Meister, Toni Luise / Klöhn, Mara / Steinmann, Eike / Todt, Daniel

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2020 , Issue 160

Abstract: Hepatitis E virus is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and liver failure with increasing prevalence worldwide. The single-stranded RNA virus is predominantly transmitted by blood transfusions, inadequate sanitary conditions and contaminated food ... ...

Abstract	Hepatitis E virus is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and liver failure with increasing prevalence worldwide. The single-stranded RNA virus is predominantly transmitted by blood transfusions, inadequate sanitary conditions and contaminated food products. To date the off-label drug ribavirin (RBV) is the treatment of choice for many patients. Nonetheless, a specific HEV treatment remains to be identified. So far, the knowledge about the HEV life cycle and pathogenesis has been severely hampered because of the lack of an efficient HEV cell culture system. A robust cell culture system is essential for the study of the viral life cycle which also includes the viral pathogenesis. With the method described here one can produce viral titers of up to 3 x 10
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hepatitis E/pathology ; Hepatitis E/virology ; Hepatitis E virus/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunologic Tests/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X ; 1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/61373
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Antiviral Effect of Budesonide against SARS-CoV-2.

Heinen, Natalie / Meister, Toni Luise / Klöhn, Mara / Steinmann, Eike / Todt, Daniel / Pfaender, Stephanie

Viruses

2021 Volume 13, Issue 7

Abstract: Treatment options for COVID-19, a disease caused ... ...

Abstract	Treatment options for COVID-19, a disease caused by
MeSH term(s)	Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Budesonide/administration & dosage ; Budesonide/pharmacology ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/virology ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Vero Cells ; Virus Replication/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Antiviral Agents ; Glucocorticoids ; Budesonide (51333-22-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13071411
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Article ; Online: Hepatitis E virus treatment and ribavirin therapy: viral mechanisms of nonresponse.

Todt, Daniel / Meister, Toni Luise / Steinmann, Eike

Current opinion in virology

2018 Volume 32, Page(s) 80–87

Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause chronic infections in immunosuppressed patients with adverse clinical outcomes. Intervention strategies are limited with ribavirin (RBV) being the only main therapeutic option as off-label drug. Recent reports on RBV ... ...

Abstract	Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause chronic infections in immunosuppressed patients with adverse clinical outcomes. Intervention strategies are limited with ribavirin (RBV) being the only main therapeutic option as off-label drug. Recent reports on RBV monotherapy failures show a coherence with the presence of certain single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and in-frame insertions in the hypervariable region of open reading frame 1 in the HEV genome. Importantly, some of the alterations were present in the viral population as minor variant before RBV administration. Individualized infection medicine by early detection of emerging viral variants in patients could improve treatment outcome and prognosis.
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral/genetics ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepatitis E/drug therapy ; Hepatitis E virus/drug effects ; Hepatitis E virus/genetics ; Hepatitis, Chronic/drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use ; Open Reading Frames ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Ribavirin/therapeutic use ; Treatment Failure
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Interferon-alpha ; Ribavirin (49717AWG6K)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2611378-8
ISSN	1879-6265 ; 1879-6257
ISSN (online)	1879-6265
ISSN	1879-6257
DOI	10.1016/j.coviro.2018.10.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nanoscale copper and silver thin film systems display differences in antiviral and antibacterial properties.

Meister, Toni Luise / Fortmann, Jill / Breisch, Marina / Sengstock, Christina / Steinmann, Eike / Köller, Manfred / Pfaender, Stephanie / Ludwig, Alfred

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 7193

Abstract: The current Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has exemplified the need for simple and efficient prevention strategies that can be rapidly implemented to mitigate infection risks. Various surfaces have a long history of antimicrobial properties ... ...

Abstract	The current Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has exemplified the need for simple and efficient prevention strategies that can be rapidly implemented to mitigate infection risks. Various surfaces have a long history of antimicrobial properties and are well described for the prevention of bacterial infections. However, their effect on many viruses has not been studied in depth. In the context of COVID-19, several surfaces, including copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) coatings have been described as efficient antiviral measures that can easily be implemented to slow viral transmission. In this study, we detected antiviral properties against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces, which were coated with Cu by magnetron sputtering as thin Cu films or as Cu/Ag ultrathin bimetallic nanopatches. However, no effect of Ag on viral titers was observed, in clear contrast to its well-known antibacterial properties. Further enhancement of Ag ion release kinetics based on an electrochemical sacrificial anode mechanism did not increase antiviral activity. These results clearly demonstrate that Cu and Ag thin film systems display significant differences in antiviral and antibacterial properties which need to be considered upon implementation.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; COVID-19 ; Copper/chemistry ; Copper/pharmacology ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Silver/chemistry ; Silver/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antiviral Agents ; Silver (3M4G523W1G) ; Copper (789U1901C5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-11212-w
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A cell culture model for producing high titer hepatitis e virus stocks

Meister, Toni Luise / Klöhn, Mara / Steinmann, Eike / Todt, Daniel

Journal of visualized experiments. 2020 June 26, , no. 160

2020

Abstract	Hepatitis E virus is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and liver failure with increasing prevalence worldwide. The single-stranded RNA virus is predominantly transmitted by blood transfusions, inadequate sanitary conditions and contaminated food products. To date the off-label drug ribavirin (RBV) is the treatment of choice for many patients. Nonetheless, a specific HEV treatment remains to be identified. So far, the knowledge about the HEV life cycle and pathogenesis has been severely hampered because of the lack of an efficient HEV cell culture system. A robust cell culture system is essential for the study of the viral life cycle which also includes the viral pathogenesis. With the method described here one can produce viral titers of up to 3 x 106 focus forming unit/mL (FFU/mL) of non-enveloped HEV and up to 5 x 104 FFU/mL of enveloped HEV. Using these particles, it is possible to infect a variety of cells of diverse origins including primary cells and human, as well as animal cell lines. The production of infectious HEV particles from plasmids poses an infinite source, which makes this protocol exceedingly efficient.
Keywords	Orthohepevirus A ; blood transfusion ; cell culture ; drugs ; food contamination ; foods ; human cell lines ; liver cirrhosis ; liver failure ; models ; pathogenesis ; patients ; plasmids ; viral load
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0626
Size	p. e61373.
Publishing place	Journal of Visualized Experiments
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/61373
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Infection of young foals with Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis following a fatal non-biologic case of Theiler’s disease

Meister, Toni Luise / Arroyo, Luis G. / Shanahan, Rachel / Papapetrou, Maria A. / Reinecke, Birthe / Brüggemann, Yannick / Todt, Daniel / Stang, Alexander / Hazlett, Murray / Baird, John D. / Steinmann, Eike

Veterinary microbiology. 2022 Nov., v. 274

2022

Abstract: Theiler’s disease (TD) is a (sub-)acute hepatitis in adult horses and one of the most common causes of acute hepatic failure. Recent findings indicate that equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) likely causes TD and that its transmission occurs via ... ...

Abstract	Theiler’s disease (TD) is a (sub-)acute hepatitis in adult horses and one of the most common causes of acute hepatic failure. Recent findings indicate that equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) likely causes TD and that its transmission occurs via iatrogenic and/or natural routes. Following the death of an EqPV-H positive mare with TD, close-contact mares and foals in the same paddock were monitored to evaluate if there was any evidence of EqPV-H. For this purpose, the serum of close contact horses was examined 6 and 42 days after the mare’s death for the presence of EqPV-H DNA and changes in liver-associated serum biochemical parameters. The foals had higher EqPV-H viral loads than the mares. Apart from the mare that was euthanized, none of the horses included in this study showed signs of severe disease and nor did they have particularly elevated liver enzymes. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed no major differences between the viral DNA detected in the serum of the dead mare and any of the in-contact horses. In conclusion, our data confirmed previous findings that horizontal transmission of EqPV-H may occur through close contact between horses.
Keywords	DNA ; adults ; blood serum ; death ; disease severity ; hepatitis ; liver ; liver failure ; mares ; microbiology ; nucleotide sequences ; pastures ; sequence analysis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	753154-0
ISSN	1873-2542 ; 0378-1135
ISSN (online)	1873-2542
ISSN	0378-1135
DOI	10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109557
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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