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Article ; Online: Application of Traditional Cooking Methods in Chestnut Processing: Effects of Roasting and Boiling on Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Capacity in Castanea spp. Fruits

Donno, Dario / Mellano, Maria Gabriella / Carini, Valeria / Bergamasco, Elena / Gamba, Giovanni / Beccaro, Gabriele Loris

Agriculture. 2023 Feb. 22, v. 13, no. 3

2023

Abstract: More information on the effects of traditional cooking methods (roasting or boiling) on the chestnut composition may be important if health-promoting aspects are considered. The main aims of this study were to investigate and describe the phenolic ... ...

Abstract	More information on the effects of traditional cooking methods (roasting or boiling) on the chestnut composition may be important if health-promoting aspects are considered. The main aims of this study were to investigate and describe the phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of raw, boiled, and roasted chestnuts from several Castanea spp. genotypes, evaluating the influence of the application of different traditional cooking methods on the nut phytochemical composition by chromatographic and spectroscopic strategies. The amounts of phenolics were used as selected variables together with total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity to perform a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Catechins and tannins were the main molecules in the phenolic phytocomplex, reaching 30–40% of the total, followed by phenolic acids (5–20%) and flavonols (about 5%). Gallic and ellagic acids were the most important phenolic acids in raw and processed chestnuts (about 20–70 mg·100 g⁻¹ dried weight-DW and 10–50 mg·100 g⁻¹ DW, respectively). Both of the cooking processes significantly influenced the polyphenolic content and the relative antioxidant capacity. This research may support and confirm the potential use of chestnuts for human health, increasing the information on the phenolic pattern of differently processed Castanea spp. fruits from different genotypes to (i) assess the potential health-positive effects, (ii) help processing companies to select specific varieties to commercialise in the market, and (iii) increase the use of these fruits with the relative increase in income for the producers.
Keywords	Castanea ; agriculture ; antioxidant activity ; chemical constituents of plants ; chromatography ; flavanols ; flavonols ; health promotion ; human health ; income ; markets ; polyphenols ; principal component analysis ; secondary metabolites ; spectroscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0222
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2651678-0
ISSN	2077-0472
ISSN	2077-0472
DOI	10.3390/agriculture13030530
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Integrating Traditional Wheat-Based Foods with High Health Value Flours: Castanea spp. Agro-Biodiversity in Bakery Products

Donno, Dario / Fabro, Michele / Mellano, Maria Gabriella / Gamba, Giovanni / Fioccardi, Annachiara / Beccaro, Gabriele Loris

Agriculture (Basel). 2022 June 30, v. 12, no. 7

2022

Abstract: In European countries, the utilisation of chestnut flours (CF) has been increasing in the bakery industry because the CF ingredients provide not only nutritional and health benefits but also improve organoleptic and health-promoting properties. This work ...

Abstract	In European countries, the utilisation of chestnut flours (CF) has been increasing in the bakery industry because the CF ingredients provide not only nutritional and health benefits but also improve organoleptic and health-promoting properties. This work aimed to describe the phytochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of chestnut flours from different Castanea spp. genotypes and origins, studying the effects of the addition of CF to traditional wheat-based cookies on their quality and sensory traits. Commercial chestnut flours were also considered. CF used in addition to wheat-based flours may increase the quality and health-promoting value of bakery products for its many benefits: (i) nutritional and phytochemical value; (ii) zero-Km availability in many producing areas (Europe, Asia, Australia, and North and South America); (iii) for these areas, food security is connected to a vulnerable wheat-based food system. Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were utilised to assess the composition and antioxidant properties of the considered chestnut flours. The sensory value of the prepared chestnut/wheat-based cookies was also assessed by a panel of common consumers (hedonistic test by a 9-points hedonistic scale). Monoterpenes were the main substances in the flour phytocomplex, reaching 80–90% of the total, followed by phenolics (8–12%) and vitamin C in trace (1–3%). Antioxidant capacity ranged from 9.64 ± 0.96 mmol Fe⁺² kg⁻¹ DW (BOUC flour from cv Bouche de Bétizac) to 17.33 ± 1.35 mmol Fe⁺² kg⁻¹ DW (CANA flour from cv Canalutta). In this research study, the cookies derived from CANA and BOUC flours were considered the most appreciated products by consumers, with values of 7.09 ± 0.46 and 6.88 ± 0.18, respectively. These results confirmed that integrating phytochemical data with sensory results is very important for food industries to obtain a complete description of the analysed flours and consequently of the derived products to produce new bakery products highly appreciated by consumers with high health value in comparison to the traditional products.
Keywords	Castanea ; agriculture ; agrobiodiversity ; antioxidant activity ; antioxidants ; ascorbic acid ; bakery industry ; chromatography ; flour ; food security ; health promotion ; monoterpenoids ; phenolic compounds ; phytochemicals ; spectroscopy ; Asia ; Australia ; Europe ; South America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0630
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2651678-0
ISSN	2077-0472
ISSN	2077-0472
DOI	10.3390/agriculture12070946
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Sensory Profile, Shelf Life, and Dynamics of Bioactive Compounds during Cold Storage of 17 Edible Flowers

Demasi, Sonia / Mellano, Maria Gabriella / Falla, Nicole Mélanie / Caser, Matteo / Scariot, Valentina

Horticulturae. 2021 June 29, v. 7, no. 7

2021

Abstract: In this study, 17 edible flowers (Allium ursinum L., Borago officinalis L., Calendula officinalis L., Centaurea cyanus L., Cichorium intybus L., Dianthus carthusianorum L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Leucanthemum vulgare (Vaill.) Lam., Paeonia ... ...

Abstract	In this study, 17 edible flowers (Allium ursinum L., Borago officinalis L., Calendula officinalis L., Centaurea cyanus L., Cichorium intybus L., Dianthus carthusianorum L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Leucanthemum vulgare (Vaill.) Lam., Paeonia officinalis L., Primula veris L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Rosa canina L., Rosa pendulina L., Salvia pratensis L., Sambucus nigra L., Taraxacum officinale Weber, and Tropaeolum majus L.) were investigated to assess their sensory profile at harvest and their shelf life and bioactive compounds dynamics during cold storage. The emerging market of edible flowers lacks this information; thus, the characteristics and requirements of different flower species were provided. In detail, a quantitative descriptive analysis was performed by trained panelists at flower harvest, evaluating 10 sensory descriptors (intensity of sweet, sour, bitter, salt, smell, specific flower aroma, and herbaceous aroma; spiciness, chewiness, and astringency). Flower visual quality, biologically active compounds content (total polyphenols and anthocyanins), and antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays) were evaluated both at harvest and during storage at 4 °C for 14 days to assess their shelf life. Generally, species had a wide range of peculiar sensory and phytochemical characteristics at harvest, as well as shelf life and bioactive compounds dynamics during postharvest. A strong aroma was indicated for A. ursinum, D. carthusianorum, L. angustifolia, and L. vulgare, while B. officinalis and C. officinalis had very low values for all aroma and taste descriptors, resulting in poor sensory profiles. At harvest, P. officinalis, R. canina, and R. pendulina exhibited the highest values of polyphenols (884–1271 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g) and antioxidant activity (204–274 mmol Fe²⁺/kg for FRAP, 132–232 and 43–58 µmol of Trolox equivalent per g for DPPH and ABTS). The species with the longest shelf life in terms of acceptable visual quality was R. pendulina (14 days), followed by R. canina (10 days). All the other species lasted seven days, except for C. intybus and T. officinale that did not reach day 3. During cold storage, the content of bioactive compounds differed, as total phenolics followed a different trend according to the species and anthocyanins remained almost unaltered for 14 days. Considering antioxidant activity, ABTS values were the least variable, varying in only four species (A. ursinum, D. carthusianorum, L. angustifolia, and P. officinalis), while both DPPH and FRAP values varied in eight species. Taken together, the knowledge of sensory profiles, phytochemical characteristics and shelf life can provide information to select suitable species for the emerging edible flower market.
Keywords	Allium ursinum ; Borago officinalis ; Calendula officinalis ; Centaurea cyanus ; Cichorium intybus ; Dianthus carthusianorum ; Lavandula angustifolia ; Leucanthemum vulgare ; Paeonia ; Primula veris ; Robinia pseudoacacia ; Rosa canina ; Rosa pendulina ; Salvia pratensis ; Sambucus nigra ; Taraxacum officinale ; Tropaeolum majus ; anthocyanins ; antioxidant activity ; astringency ; chewiness ; cold storage ; edible flowers ; gallic acid ; markets ; odors ; polyphenols ; sensory evaluation ; shelf life ; smell ; taste
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0629
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2813983-5
ISSN	2311-7524
ISSN	2311-7524
DOI	10.3390/horticulturae7070166
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Local and underutilised fruits as a source of nutraceutical molecules: bioactive compounds in Mespilus germanica L

Tessa, Giulia / Donno, Dario / Gamba, Giovanni / Mellano, Maria Gabriella / Beccaro, Gabriele Loris

European food research & technology. 2021 Nov., v. 247, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) has been cultivated in several Asian and European countries for medical/food use for many years. As scarce information is available outside Southwest Asia, this study aimed to increase the knowledge of this local and ... ...

Abstract	Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) has been cultivated in several Asian and European countries for medical/food use for many years. As scarce information is available outside Southwest Asia, this study aimed to increase the knowledge of this local and underutilised fruit in Italy as a source of bioactive compounds. Total polyphenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AOC) were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods, while the main phytochemical compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC fingerprint. Even if many compounds are variable and decrease during ripening, this research reported the presence of considerable amounts of bioactive compounds in ripe medlar fruits, which resulted particularly rich in monoterpenes (total: 1380.26 ± 48.06 mg/100 gFW; in particular γ-terpinene 922.77 ± 31.61 mg/100 g of fresh weight or FW) and organic acids (total: 963.05 ± 33.21 mg/100 gFW; in particular, malic and citric acid: 406.50 ± 5.25 and 380.99 ± 13.11 mg/100 gFW, respectively), with high values of TPC (138.58 ± 10.03 mg/100 gFW) and AOC (6.59 ± 2.35 mmol Fe²⁺/kgFW), revealing the benefits of this fruit as a source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Bioactive compound content of M. germanica extracts exhibited high variability in different geographic areas, that may depend on several biotic and abiotic factors, and many compounds showed a decreasing trend losing properties during the ripening, but the presence of health-promoting agents was confirmed by the high levels of bioactive compounds observed in the analysed fruit and highlighted the necessity of enhancing the propagation of the medlar in the Italian peninsula as fresh fruit and high-quality nutritional and health-promoting ingredient.
Keywords	Mespilus germanica ; antioxidant activity ; bioactive compounds ; citric acid ; dietary supplements ; food research ; fruits ; health promotion ; ingredients ; monoterpenoids ; phytochemicals ; raw fruit ; Asia ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Size	p. 2861-2868.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1359456-4
ISSN	1431-4630 ; 1438-2377
ISSN	1431-4630 ; 1438-2377
DOI	10.1007/s00217-021-03843-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Strategies for the Management of Traditional Chestnut Landscapes in Pesio Valley, Italy: A Participatory Approach

Gullino, Paola / Mellano, Maria Gabriella / Beccaro, Gabriele Loris / Devecchi, Marco / Larcher, Federica

Land. 2020 Dec. 21, v. 9, no. 12

2020

Abstract: Through an exploratory case study conducted in the Pesio Valley, northwest Italy, this paper proposes a framework for maintaining traditional chestnut production landscapes and addressing future development policies. The main goal was to understand how ... ...

Abstract	Through an exploratory case study conducted in the Pesio Valley, northwest Italy, this paper proposes a framework for maintaining traditional chestnut production landscapes and addressing future development policies. The main goal was to understand how to promote a bottom-up planning approach, including stakeholder perceptions in traditional chestnut landscape management. To ensure the sustainability of the landscape, current driving forces and their landscape effects were identified by local stakeholders using a focus group technique. Population ageing, local forestry policies directed towards supporting chestnut growers’ income, social and economic needs, and land fragmentation are the main driving forces that will influence future chestnut landscapes. The focus group participants built two scenarios of possible future development of the chestnut landscape, one characterized by the disappearance and transformation of chestnut stands, the other by their permanence and maintenance. The most recommended strategies for maintaining traditional chestnut cultivation were chestnut processing, fruit designation of origin, and the cultivation of traditional varieties. This study shows that, to preserve the traditional chestnut landscape, the participation of multiple stakeholders is a useful approach in landscape planning. This methodology could guide decision-makers and planners who desire to implement a participatory approach to a sustainable development program for traditional chestnut landscapes.
Keywords	Castanea ; age structure ; case studies ; decision making ; development policy ; exhibitions ; focus groups ; forces ; forestry ; fruits ; growers ; habitat fragmentation ; heirloom varieties ; income ; land ; landscape management ; landscapes ; paper ; planning ; stakeholders ; sustainable development ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1221
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2682955-1
ISSN	2073-445X
ISSN	2073-445X
DOI	10.3390/land9120536
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Analytical Strategies for Fingerprinting of Antioxidants, Nutritional Substances, and Bioactive Compounds in Foodstuffs Based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: An Overview

Donno, Dario / Mellano, Maria Gabriella / Gamba, Giovanni / Riondato, Isidoro / Beccaro, Gabriele Loris

Foods. 2020 Nov. 25, v. 9, no. 12

2020

Abstract: New technology development and globalisation have led to extreme changes in the agri-food sector in recent years that need an important food supply chain characterisation from plant materials to commercial productions. Many analytical strategies are ... ...

Abstract	New technology development and globalisation have led to extreme changes in the agri-food sector in recent years that need an important food supply chain characterisation from plant materials to commercial productions. Many analytical strategies are commonly utilised in the agri-food industry, often using complementary technologies with different purposes. Chromatography on-line coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most selective and sensitive analytical methodologies. The purpose of this overview is to present the most recent MS-based techniques applied to food analysis. An entire section is dedicated to the recent applications of high-resolution MS. Covered topics include liquid (LC)– and gas chromatography (GC)–MS analysis of natural bioactive substances, including carbohydrates, flavonoids and related compounds, lipids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and other different molecules in foodstuffs from the perspectives of food composition, food authenticity and food adulteration. The results represent an important contribution to the utilisation of GC–MS and LC–MS in the field of natural bioactive compound identification and quantification.
Keywords	adulterated foods ; antioxidants ; bioactive compounds ; carbohydrates ; flavonoids ; food analysis ; food industry ; food supply chain ; gas chromatography ; globalization ; lipids ; liquid chromatography ; liquids ; mass spectrometry ; materials ; phenolic compounds ; product authenticity ; technology ; vitamins
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1125
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods9121734
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Vitis vinifera L. Pruning Waste for Bud-Preparations as Source of Phenolic Compounds–Traditional and Innovative Extraction Techniques to Produce New Natural Products

Donno, Dario / Turrini, Federica / Boggia, Raffaella / Guido, Maddalena / Gamba, Giovanni / Mellano, Maria Gabriella / Riondato, Isidoro / Beccaro, Gabriele Loris

Plants. 2021 Oct. 20, v. 10, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Herbal products are now considered among the most important sources of phenolic compounds: the FINNOVER project aimed at the creation and development of sustainable supply chains to extract and use natural biologically active agents. Vitis vinifera is ... ...

Abstract	Herbal products are now considered among the most important sources of phenolic compounds: the FINNOVER project aimed at the creation and development of sustainable supply chains to extract and use natural biologically active agents. Vitis vinifera is one of the most utilised herbal products derived from buds and sprouts as polyphenolic food supplements for its homeostatic and astringent properties. This research was aimed to describe the antioxidant capacity and the phytochemical composition of V. vinifera herbal products by the application of spectroscopic and chromatographic fingerprints considering phenolics as potential markers to significantly differentiate traditional preparations (macerates) from innovative extracts obtained by an ultrasound extraction from V. vinifera buds. Two different commercial products were also considered. Flavonols were the most abundant class in ultrasound extracts (45%), while phenolic acids were the most important class in traditional macerates (49%) and commercial bud-preparations (about 50%). This study may support the potential use of V. vinifera bud-products (starting from pruning byproducts) as food supplements to integrate human diet with good amounts of phenolics. Finally, the use of different extraction methods on the same plant material could be an important development to produce innovative herbal products with a phytochemical composition similar to traditional preparations.
Keywords	Vitis vinifera ; antioxidant activity ; chemical constituents of plants ; chromatography ; flavonols ; human nutrition ; spectroscopy ; ultrasonics ; wastes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1020
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants10112233
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Analytical Strategies for Fingerprinting of Antioxidants, Nutritional Substances, and Bioactive Compounds in Foodstuffs Based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: An Overview.

Donno, Dario / Mellano, Maria Gabriella / Gamba, Giovanni / Riondato, Isidoro / Beccaro, Gabriele Loris

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 9, Issue 12

Abstract	New technology development and globalisation have led to extreme changes in the agri-food sector in recent years that need an important food supply chain characterisation from plant materials to commercial productions. Many analytical strategies are commonly utilised in the agri-food industry, often using complementary technologies with different purposes. Chromatography on-line coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most selective and sensitive analytical methodologies. The purpose of this overview is to present the most recent MS-based techniques applied to food analysis. An entire section is dedicated to the recent applications of high-resolution MS. Covered topics include liquid (LC)- and gas chromatography (GC)-MS analysis of natural bioactive substances, including carbohydrates, flavonoids and related compounds, lipids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and other different molecules in foodstuffs from the perspectives of food composition, food authenticity and food adulteration. The results represent an important contribution to the utilisation of GC-MS and LC-MS in the field of natural bioactive compound identification and quantification.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods9121734
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Vitis vinifera

Donno, Dario / Turrini, Federica / Boggia, Raffaella / Guido, Maddalena / Gamba, Giovanni / Mellano, Maria Gabriella / Riondato, Isidoro / Beccaro, Gabriele Loris

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 10, Issue 11

Abstract	Herbal products are now considered among the most important sources of phenolic compounds: the FINNOVER project aimed at the creation and development of sustainable supply chains to extract and use natural biologically active agents.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants10112233
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Traditional and Unconventional Dried Fruit Snacks as a Source of Health-Promoting Compounds

Donno, Dario / Mellano, Maria Gabriella / Riondato, Isidoro / De Biaggi, Marta / Andriamaniraka, Harilala / Gamba, Giovanni / Beccaro, Gabriele Loris

Antioxidants. 2019 Sept. 13, v. 8, no. 9

2019

Abstract: Dried fruits are important, healthy and popular snacks, despite the limited information on their nutritional profiles and phytochemical composition. The present work was aimed to study the chemical composition of freeze-dried fruits from four fruit ... ...

Abstract	Dried fruits are important, healthy and popular snacks, despite the limited information on their nutritional profiles and phytochemical composition. The present work was aimed to study the chemical composition of freeze-dried fruits from four fruit species: two common commercial snacks (apple and goji) and two innovative products (kaki and kiwi). Sugar and organic acid levels, total phenolics (TPC), and main health-promoting phytochemicals were studied by HPLC fingerprinting analysis. Furthermore, in vitro antioxidant capacity (AOC) was preliminarily observed in these products. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out as a multivariate approach as well. The TPC ranged from 210.9 mg GAE/100g DW (kiwi) to 872.6 mg GAE/100g DW (kaki), while dried fruit antioxidant capacity ranged from 23.09 mmol Fe2+/kg DW (goji) to 137.5 mmol Fe2+/kg DW (kaki). The most important phytochemical class in apple (two cultivars), kiwi, and kaki dried fruits was phenolics (from 74.6% to 93.3%), while monoterpenes were the first class in goji (67.5%). No anthocyanins have been identified in dried fruits because these compounds are most likely converted to phenolic acids during the drying process. This research intended to stimulate large-scale exploitation of commercial dried fruits as functional foods as well.
Keywords	Lycium ; anthocyanins ; antioxidant activity ; apples ; chemical constituents of plants ; cultivars ; dried fruit ; freeze drying ; fruits ; functional foods ; high performance liquid chromatography ; iron ; kiwifruit ; monoterpenoids ; nutrient content ; phenolic acids ; principal component analysis ; snacks ; sugars
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0913
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704216-9
ISSN	2076-3921
ISSN	2076-3921
DOI	10.3390/antiox8090396
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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