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Article ; Online: Engaging youth in global health and social justice

Heather Wipfli / Mellissa Withers

Global Health Action, Vol 15, Iss

a decade of experience teaching a high school summer course

2022 Volume 1

Abstract: Background Education and training in global health and social justice is crucial to ensuring the next generation of health professionals are poised to tackle the pressing issues of our time. Objectives To develop and implement an intensive summer course ... ...

Abstract	Background Education and training in global health and social justice is crucial to ensuring the next generation of health professionals are poised to tackle the pressing issues of our time. Objectives To develop and implement an intensive summer course on global health and social justice for high school students at the University of Southern California. Methods This paper reviews the course aims and curriculum, its implementation both onsite and online, and reports on student course evaluations and long-term student outcomes. Results Student satisfaction with the program was extremely high, which endured when the course went virtual during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most popular elements of the course included interactive, game-based activities and guest speakers. Many students reported that the course motivated them to pursue higher education and careers in global health or related fields. Conclusions More universities should consider offering summer programs or other extension programs targeting high school students in order to meet the increasing demand for global health education. Recommendations for implementing global health courses for younger learners include having an interdisciplinary focus with a range of topics and diverse perspectives; provision of scholarships to allow low-income students and students from abroad to participate; prioritizing the integration of active learning and experiential educational opportunities; and incorporating debriefing and reflection as integral parts of learning.
Keywords	global health ; education ; social justice ; high school ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Human Papilloma Virus self-sampling performance in low- and middle-income countries

Ashwini Kamath Mulki / Mellissa Withers

BMC Women's Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Background Screening for HPV has led to significant reductions in cervical cancer deaths in high-income countries. However, the same results have not been achieved in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). HPV self-sampling is a novel ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Screening for HPV has led to significant reductions in cervical cancer deaths in high-income countries. However, the same results have not been achieved in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). HPV self-sampling is a novel approach that could improve screening rates. Methods This study’s objective is to summarize the recent literature on HPV self-sampling in LMICs, focusing on sensitivity/specificity, and feasibility/acceptability of self-sampling compared to traditional screening methods. We conducted a PubMed search for articles published in English within the last 10 years on self-sampling in LMICs. Results Fifty eligible articles from 26 countries were included, 19 of which came from sub-Saharan Africa and 18 from Latin America/Caribbean. Seven studies examined sensitivity, with five reporting rates higher than 91%. Six reported on specificity, which was also very high at 86–97.8%. Six studies examined self-sampling concordance with provider-collected sampling, with concordance rates ranging from 87 to 97.5%. A total of 38 studies examined the feasibility/acceptability of HPV self-sampling. Participation rates were very high in all studies, even when self-sampling was done at participants’ homes (over 89% participation). Overall, participants reported that HPV self-sampling was easy to perform (75–97%, 18 studies), painless (60–90%, nine studies), and preferred over provider-collected sampling (57–100%, 14 studies). Eight studies reported follow-up rates for participants who completed self-sampling; however, these rates varied widely-from 13.7 to 90%. The major benefits of self-sampling include convenience of screening from home, less embarrassment, and less travel. Improved education and awareness of self-sampling, combined with support from community health workers, could reduce perceptions of self-sampling being inferior to provider-collected sampling. Improving follow-up of abnormal results and improving linkages to treatment are also essential. Conclusion Our literature review highlights HPV self-sampling is a well-performing test that shows promise in terms of expanding screening efforts for the prevention of cervical cancer-related deaths in LMICs.
Keywords	HPV ; Screening ; Self-sampling ; Cervical cancer ; Gynecology and obstetrics ; RG1-991 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The APRU Global Health Program

Jonathan Samet / Mellissa Withers

Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 26, Iss 4, Pp 166-

Past and Future

2016 Volume 170

Abstract: The Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) is an international consortium of 45 universities in the Pacific Rim, representing 16 economies, 130 000 faculty members and more than two million students. The APRU Global Health Program aims to expand ... ...

Abstract	The Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) is an international consortium of 45 universities in the Pacific Rim, representing 16 economies, 130 000 faculty members and more than two million students. The APRU Global Health Program aims to expand existing collaborative research efforts among universities to address regional and global health issues. Since its launch in 2007–08, the program has covered a significant range of topics including emerging public health threats, ageing and chronic diseases, infectious diseases and health security issues, among others. The Program’s activities in research, training, and service around the globe illustrate the diverse dimensions of global health. In this paper, the major activities to date are outlined and future planned activities are discussed.
Keywords	Pacific Rim ; Asia-Pacific ; education ; training ; universities ; global health ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Japan Epidemiological Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Manila Declaration on Migration and Health

Mellissa Withers / Heather Wipfli / Marc Schenker / Tasfia Jahangir / Teodoro Herbosa / Jorge Tigno

Globalization and Health, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-

commentary of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities Global Health Program

2020 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Background Migration has played, and continues to play, an important role in shaping our global economy. As of 2017, there were 258 million international migrants worldwide, over 100 million of whom came from the Asia-Pacific region. Migration ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Migration has played, and continues to play, an important role in shaping our global economy. As of 2017, there were 258 million international migrants worldwide, over 100 million of whom came from the Asia-Pacific region. Migration is increasingly recognized as a social determinant of health, as migrants often experience vulnerabilities that make them susceptible to a range of negative health outcomes. Addressing the health and human rights concerns of migrants requires concerted and global efforts from many stakeholders, including universities. Methods The Global Health Program of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU), a non-profit network of more than 50 universities in the region, is an example of an avenue to foster research, innovation, collaborative engagement, and large-scale advocacy around migration and health. In 2017, a special half-day workshop was held in Manila, convening 167 participants from 10 economies and 21 disciplines. The goal of the workshop was to delineate the role of universities in promoting migrant health and well-being. The global health experts from a diverse set of backgrounds collaboratively developed a policy statement to be used to better address migrant health and human rights. The objective of this paper is to disseminate the policy statement, highlighted specific action items that universities can take to protect and promote migrant health. Results The Manila Declaration on Migration and Health highlights that universities must ensure that their campuses are safe, supportive, and empowering environments for all migrants and their families. Universities are also urged to capitalize on their educational and research expertise to generate data on migrant experiences and communicate this research to policymakers. Conclusions This commentary highlights how institutions of higher education can serve as powerful avenues for promoting migrant health and human rights. Universities can play a vital role in building awareness and sensitivity to migrant ...
Keywords	Migration ; Migrant ; Public health ; Human rights ; Asia-Pacific ; Global health ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Manila Declaration on the Drug Problem in the Philippines

Nymia Simbulan / Leonardo Estacio / Carissa Dioquino-Maligaso / Teodoro Herbosa / Mellissa Withers

Annals of Global Health, Vol 85, Iss

2019 Volume 1

Abstract: When Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte assumed office in 2016, his government launched an unprecedented campaign against illegal drugs. The drug problem in the Philippines has primarily been viewed as an issue of law enforcement and criminality, ... ...

Abstract	When Philippine President Rodrigo R. Duterte assumed office in 2016, his government launched an unprecedented campaign against illegal drugs. The drug problem in the Philippines has primarily been viewed as an issue of law enforcement and criminality, and the government has focused on implementing a policy of criminalization and punishment. The escalation of human rights violations has caught the attention of groups in the Philippines as well as the international community. The Global Health Program of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU), a non-profit network of 50 universities in the Pacific Rim, held its 2017 annual conference in Manila. A special half-day workshop was held on illicit drug abuse in the Philippines which convened 167 participants from 10 economies and 21 disciplines. The goal of the workshop was to collaboratively develop a policy statement describing the best way to address the drug problem in the Philippines, taking into consideration a public health and human rights approach to the issue. The policy statement is presented here.
Keywords	Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	340
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ubiquity Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Social, economic, and political events affect gender equity in China, Nepal, and Nicaragua

Tuan T. Nguyen / Ashley Darnell / Amy Weissman / Edward A. Frongillo / Roger Mathisen / Karin Lapping / Timothy D. Mastro / Mellissa Withers

Global Health Action, Vol 13, Iss

a matched, interrupted time-series study

2020 Volume 1

Abstract: Background: Progress in gender equity can improve health at the individual and country levels. Objectives: This study’s objective was to analyze recent trends in gender equity and identify historical and contextual factors that contributed to changes in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Progress in gender equity can improve health at the individual and country levels. Objectives: This study’s objective was to analyze recent trends in gender equity and identify historical and contextual factors that contributed to changes in gender equity in three countries: China, Nepal, and Nicaragua. Methods: To assess gender equity trends, we used the Gender Gap Index (GGI) from the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report (2006–2017). The GGI incorporated data on economic participation, educational attainment, health, and political empowerment for almost 150 countries. We selected China, Nepal, and Nicaragua because of their major changes in GGI and diversity in geographical location and economic status. We reviewed major social, economic, and political events during 2006–2017, and identified key events in each country. We compared countries’ GGI with matched controls average using interrupted time-series analysis. Results: Nepal and Nicaragua both had dramatic increases in GGI (improvement in equity), Nepal (β = 0.029; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.056) and Nicaragua (β = 0.035; 95% CI: 0.005, 0.065). This was strongly influenced by political empowerment, which likely impacted access to education and employment opportunities. Despite major economic growth and new policies to address gender inequities (e.g. the One-Child Policy), China saw a significant decline in GGI between 2010 and 2017 (β = −0.014; 95% CI: −0.024, −0.004), largely resulting from decreased gender equity in educational attainment, economic participation, and health/survival sub-indices. Conclusions: Key social, economic, and political events helped explain trends in countries’ gender equity. Our study suggested that supportive social and political environments would play important roles in empowering women, which would advance human rights and promote health and well-being of individuals, households, communities, and countries.
Keywords	china ; gender equity ; gender gap index (ggi) ; health disparities/inequities ; interrupted time-series analysis ; nepal ; nicaragua ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	950 ; 360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Factors associated with weight gain during COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

A global study

2023 Volume 4

Abstract: Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in changes in lifestyle habits and experiences of mental health outcomes, some of which were possibly related to weight gain, leading to an increase in the prevalence of obesity, ... ...

Abstract	Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in changes in lifestyle habits and experiences of mental health outcomes, some of which were possibly related to weight gain, leading to an increase in the prevalence of obesity, which is associated with the development of several severe diseases. Concerns regarding weight gain and its impact on health outcomes are prevalent worldwide, with obesity being one of the highest causes of mortality in current society. Methods A self-reported questionnaire collected data from participants aged 18 years of age and above from 26 countries and regions worldwide. Post-hoc multiple logistic regression analyses have been done to evaluate the association between demographic and socioeconomic factors, and the perspectives that were identified to be associated with weight gain. Results Participants belonging to a younger age group; with a higher level of education; living in an urban area; living with family members; employed full-time; and had obesity were found to be more vulnerable to weight gain. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, participants who were quarantined; exercised less prior to the pandemic; consumed unhealthy foods; and reported negative thoughts such as helplessness and the perceived risk of COVID-19, were more likely to experience weight gain; while negative thoughts such as having no means of control over the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic will have great personal effect were associated with females, students, and people living in the rural area. Conclusions Weight gain risk during the pandemic was significantly associated with certain socio-demographic and COVID-19 related factors. To improve public health outcomes, future research should conduct a longitudinal evaluation on the effects of COVID-19 experiences upon health choices. Streamlined mental support should also be provided to the vulnerable groups which were prone to negative thoughts that were associated with weight gain.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Establishing Competencies for a Global Health Workforce

Mellissa Withers / Hsien-Ho Lin / Terry Schmidt / John Paul Caesar Robles delos Trinos / Shubha Kumar

Annals of Global Health, Vol 85, Iss

Recommendations from the Association of Pacific Rim Universities

2019 Volume 1

Abstract: Background: The Association of Pacific Rim Universities Global Health Program facilitates exchange of information, knowledge and experiences in global health education and research among its 50 member universities. Despite the proliferation of global ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Association of Pacific Rim Universities Global Health Program facilitates exchange of information, knowledge and experiences in global health education and research among its 50 member universities. Despite the proliferation of global health educational programs worldwide, a lack of consensus exists regarding core competencies in global health training and how these are best taught. Methods: A workshop was convened with 30 faculty, university administrators, students, and NGO workers representing both the Global North and South to gain consensus on core competencies in masters’-level global health training. The co-authors then collaborated to refine the list of competencies, categorize them into domains, and develop a plan for how academic institutions can ensure that these competencies are effectively taught. Findings: Nineteen competencies across five domains were identified: knowledge of trends and determinants of global disease patterns; cultural competency; global health governance, diplomacy and leadership; project management; and ethics and human rights. The plan for how academic institutions can best train students on these competencies outlined five key opportunities: coursework; practicums; research opportunities; mentorship; and evaluation. The plan recommended additional institutional strategies such as maximizing collaborative research opportunities, international partnerships, capacity-building grants, and use of educational technology to support these goals. Conclusions and Recommendations: While further research on the implementation of competency-based training is warranted, this work offers a step forward in advancing competency-based global health masters’ education as identified by a globally diverse group of expert stakeholders and economies. Given the challenges facing the current global health landscape, comparable competency-based training across institutions is critical to ensure the training of competent global health professionals.
Keywords	Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ubiquity Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Needs, gaps and opportunities for standard and e-mental health care among at-risk populations in the Asia Pacific in the context of COVID-19

Jill K. Murphy / Amna Khan / Qiumeng Sun / Harry Minas / Simon Hatcher / Chee H. Ng / Mellissa Withers / Andrew Greenshaw / Erin E. Michalak / Promit Ananyo Chakraborty / Karen Sharmini Sandanasamy / Nurashikin Ibrahim / Arun Ravindran / Jun Chen / Vu Cong Nguyen / Raymond W. Lam

International Journal for Equity in Health, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a rapid scoping review

2021 Volume 22

Abstract: Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have profound mental health impact, including in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region. Some populations might be at higher risk of experiencing negative mental health impacts and may ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have profound mental health impact, including in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region. Some populations might be at higher risk of experiencing negative mental health impacts and may encounter increased barriers to accessing mental health care. The pandemic and related restrictions have led to changes in care delivery, including a rapid shift to the use of e-mental health and digital technologies. It is therefore essential to consider needs and opportunities for equitable mental health care delivery to the most at-risk populations. This rapid scoping review: 1) identifies populations in the APEC region that are at higher risk of the negative mental health impacts of COVID-19, 2) identifies needs and gaps in access to standard and e-mental health care among these populations, and 3) explores the potential of e-mental health to address these needs. Methods We conducted a rapid scoping review following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We searched Medline, Embase and PsychInfo databases and Google Scholar using a search strategy developed in consultation with a biomedical librarian. We included records related to mental health or psychosocial risk factors and COVID-19 among at-risk groups; that referred to one or more APEC member economies or had a global, thus generalizable, scope; English language papers, and papers with full text available. Results A total of 132 records published between December 2019 and August 2020 were included in the final analysis. Several priority at-risk populations, risk factors, challenges and recommendations for standard and e-mental health care were identified. Results demonstrate that e-mental health care can be a viable option for care delivery but that specific accessibility and acceptability considerations must be considered. Options for in-person, hybrid or “low-tech” care must also remain available. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for equitable standard ...
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Mental health ; Equity ; Asia Pacific ; E-mental health ; At-risk populations ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mobility restrictions were associated with reductions in COVID-19 incidence early in the pandemic

Juhwan Oh / Hwa-Young Lee / Quynh Long Khuong / Jeffrey F. Markuns / Chris Bullen / Osvaldo Enrique Artaza Barrios / Seung-sik Hwang / Young Sahng Suh / Judith McCool / S. Patrick Kachur / Chang-Chuan Chan / Soonman Kwon / Naoki Kondo / Van Minh Hoang / J. Robin Moon / Mikael Rostila / Ole F. Norheim / Myoungsoon You / Mellissa Withers /

Mu Li / Eun-Jeung Lee / Caroline Benski / Sookyung Park / Eun-Woo Nam / Katie Gottschalk / Matthew M. Kavanagh / Thi Giang Huong Tran / Jong-Koo Lee / S. V. Subramanian / Martin McKee / Lawrence O. Gostin

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

evidence from a real-time evaluation in 34 countries

2021 Volume 17

Abstract: Abstract Most countries have implemented restrictions on mobility to prevent the spread of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), entailing considerable societal costs but, at least initially, based on limited evidence of effectiveness. We asked whether ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Most countries have implemented restrictions on mobility to prevent the spread of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), entailing considerable societal costs but, at least initially, based on limited evidence of effectiveness. We asked whether mobility restrictions were associated with changes in the occurrence of COVID-19 in 34 OECD countries plus Singapore and Taiwan. Our data sources were the Google Global Mobility Data Source, which reports different types of mobility, and COVID-19 cases retrieved from the dataset curated by Our World in Data. Beginning at each country’s 100th case, and incorporating a 14-day lag to account for the delay between exposure and illness, we examined the association between changes in mobility (with January 3 to February 6, 2020 as baseline) and the ratio of the number of newly confirmed cases on a given day to the total number of cases over the past 14 days from the index day (the potentially infective ‘pool’ in that population), per million population, using LOESS regression and logit regression. In two-thirds of examined countries, reductions of up to 40% in commuting mobility (to workplaces, transit stations, retailers, and recreation) were associated with decreased cases, especially early in the pandemic. Once both mobility and incidence had been brought down, further restrictions provided little additional benefit. These findings point to the importance of acting early and decisively in a pandemic.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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