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  1. Article ; Online: Functional Connectivity Network Disruption Underlies Domain-Specific Impairments in Attention for Children Born Very Preterm.

    Wheelock, M D / Lean, R E / Bora, S / Melzer, T R / Eggebrecht, A T / Smyser, C D / Woodward, L J

    Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 1383–1394

    Abstract: Attention problems are common in school-age children born very preterm (VPT; < 32 weeks gestational age), but the contribution of aberrant functional brain connectivity to these problems is not known. As part of a prospective longitudinal study, brain ... ...

    Abstract Attention problems are common in school-age children born very preterm (VPT; < 32 weeks gestational age), but the contribution of aberrant functional brain connectivity to these problems is not known. As part of a prospective longitudinal study, brain functional connectivity (fc) was assessed alongside behavioral measures of selective, sustained, and executive attention in 58 VPT and 65 full-term (FT) born children at corrected-age 12 years. VPT children had poorer sustained, shifting, and divided attention than FT children. Within the VPT group, poorer attention scores were associated with between-network connectivity in ventral attention, visual, and subcortical networks, whereas between-network connectivity in the frontoparietal, cingulo-opercular, dorsal attention, salience and motor networks was associated with attention functioning in FT children. Network-level differences were also evident between VPT and FT children in specific attention domains. Findings contribute to our understanding of fc networks that potentially underlie typical attention development and suggest an alternative network architecture may help support attention in VPT children.
    MeSH term(s) Attention/physiology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/growth & development ; Child ; Connectome/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Extremely Premature/growth & development ; Infant, Newborn ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging ; Nerve Net/growth & development ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1077450-6
    ISSN 1460-2199 ; 1047-3211
    ISSN (online) 1460-2199
    ISSN 1047-3211
    DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhaa303
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3235: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: MRI artefact in the rectum caused by ingested orthodontic brackets.

    Almuqbel, M M / Leeper, G J / Petelo, J F / Page, T J / Melzer, T R

    Radiography (London, England : 1995)

    2017  Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) e48–e50

    Abstract: Magnetic susceptibility artefacts, caused by metallic objects, present a challenge in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this case, MRI showed metal-induced artefact in the rectum of a 14-year-old girl who presented with pain in the coccyx after a ... ...

    Abstract Magnetic susceptibility artefacts, caused by metallic objects, present a challenge in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this case, MRI showed metal-induced artefact in the rectum of a 14-year-old girl who presented with pain in the coccyx after a snowboarding accident. Previous radiographs showed no evidence of metal in the area. After the identification of the artefact and upon discussion with the patient, she disclosed that two orthodontic brackets had been swallowed two days prior to the MRI examination, likely the source of artefact. Following the passage of the brackets, subsequent MRI was artefact-free. A similar artefact was recreated by scanning a potato with and without an orthodontic bracket, highlighting the impact of the resulting artefact on MRI.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Artifacts ; Female ; Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orthodontic Brackets ; Rectum/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1289102-2
    ISSN 1532-2831 ; 1078-8174
    ISSN (online) 1532-2831
    ISSN 1078-8174
    DOI 10.1016/j.radi.2017.10.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Altered functional network connectivity relates to motor development in children born very preterm.

    Wheelock, M D / Austin, N C / Bora, S / Eggebrecht, A T / Melzer, T R / Woodward, L J / Smyser, C D

    NeuroImage

    2018  Volume 183, Page(s) 574–583

    Abstract: Individuals born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation) are at increased risk for neuromotor impairments. The ability to characterize the structural and functional mechanisms underlying these impairments remains limited using existing neuroimaging techniques. ...

    Abstract Individuals born very preterm (<32 weeks gestation) are at increased risk for neuromotor impairments. The ability to characterize the structural and functional mechanisms underlying these impairments remains limited using existing neuroimaging techniques. Resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) holds promise for defining the functional network architecture of the developing brain in relation to typical and aberrant neurodevelopment. In 58 very preterm and 65 term-born children studied from birth to age 12 years, we examined relations between functional connectivity measures from low-motion rs-fMRI data and motor skills assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition. Across all subscales, motor performance was better in term than very preterm children. Examination of relations between functional connectivity and motor measures using enrichment analysis revealed between-group differences within cerebellar, frontoparietal, and default mode networks, and between basal ganglia-motor, thalamus-motor, basal ganglia-auditory, and dorsal attention-default mode networks. Specifically, very preterm children exhibited weaker associations between motor scores and thalamus-motor and basal ganglia-motor network connectivity. These findings highlight key functional brain systems underlying motor development. They also demonstrate persisting developmental effects of preterm birth on functional connectivity and motor performance in childhood, providing evidence for an alternative network architecture supporting motor function in preterm children.
    MeSH term(s) Basal Ganglia/diagnostic imaging ; Basal Ganglia/physiopathology ; Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebellum/physiopathology ; Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Child ; Child Development/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Connectome/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Premature/physiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motor Skills/physiology ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging ; Nerve Net/physiopathology ; Thalamus/diagnostic imaging ; Thalamus/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1147767-2
    ISSN 1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
    ISSN (online) 1095-9572
    ISSN 1053-8119
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.051
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    Zs.A 3664: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 7: Show issues

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  4. Article: Spectroscopic biomedical imaging with the Medipix2 detector.

    Melzer, T R / Cook, N J / Butler, A P / Watts, R / Anderson, N / Tipples, R / Butler, P H

    Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine

    2009  Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 300–306

    Abstract: This study confirms that the Medipix2 x-ray detector enables spectroscopic bio-medical plain radiography. We show that the detector has the potential to provide new, useful information beyond the limited spectroscopic information of modem dual-energy ... ...

    Abstract This study confirms that the Medipix2 x-ray detector enables spectroscopic bio-medical plain radiography. We show that the detector has the potential to provide new, useful information beyond the limited spectroscopic information of modem dual-energy computed tomography (CT) scanners. Full spectroscopic 3D-imaging is likely to be the next major technological advance in computed tomography, moving the modality towards molecular imaging applications. This paper focuses on the enabling technology which allows spectroscopic data collection and why this information is useful. In this preliminary study we acquired the first spectroscopic images of human tissue and other biological samples obtained using the Medipix2 detector. The images presented here include the clear resolution of the 1.4mm long distal phalanx of a 20-week-old miscarried foetus, showing clear energy-dependent variations. The opportunities for further research using the forthcoming Medipix3 detector are discussed and a prototype spectroscopic CT scanner (MARS, Medipix All Resolution System) is briefly described.
    MeSH term(s) Computer-Aided Design ; Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/instrumentation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission/instrumentation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation ; Transducers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 46226-3
    ISSN 1879-5447 ; 0158-9938
    ISSN (online) 1879-5447
    ISSN 0158-9938
    DOI 10.1007/bf03178599
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.B 2684: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: The MoCA: well-suited screen for cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease.

    Dalrymple-Alford, J C / MacAskill, M R / Nakas, C T / Livingston, L / Graham, C / Crucian, G P / Melzer, T R / Kirwan, J / Keenan, R / Wells, S / Porter, R J / Watts, R / Anderson, T J

    Neurology

    2010  Volume 75, Issue 19, Page(s) 1717–1725

    Abstract: Objective: To establish the diagnostic accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) when screening externally validated cognition in Parkinson disease (PD), by comparison with a PD-focused test (Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson disease-Cognition ...

    Abstract Objective: To establish the diagnostic accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) when screening externally validated cognition in Parkinson disease (PD), by comparison with a PD-focused test (Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson disease-Cognition [SCOPA-COG]) and the standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (S-MMSE) as benchmarks.
    Methods: A convenience sample of 114 patients with idiopathic PD and 47 healthy controls was examined in a movement disorders center. The 21 patients with dementia (PD-D) were diagnosed using Movement Disorders Society criteria, externally validated by detailed independent functional and neuropsychological tests. The 21 patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) scored 1.5 SD or more below normative data in at least 2 measures in 1 of 4 cognitive domains. Other patients had normal cognition (PD-N).
    Results: Primary outcomes using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that all 3 mental status tests produced excellent discrimination of PD-D from patients without dementia (area under the curve [AUC], 87%-91%) and PD-MCI from PD-N patients (AUC, 78%-90%), but the MoCA was generally better suited across both assessments. The optimal MoCA screening cutoffs were <21/30 for PD-D (sensitivity 81%; specificity 95%; negative predictive value [NPV] 92%) and <26/30 for PD-MCI (sensitivity 90%; specificity 75%; NPV 95%). Further support that the MoCA is at least equivalent to the SCOPA-COG, and superior to the S-MMSE, came from the simultaneous classification of the 3 PD patient groups (volumes under a 3-dimensional ROC surface, chance = 17%: MoCA 79%, confidence interval [CI] 70%-89%; SCOPA-COG 74%, CI 62%-86%; MMSE-Sevens item 56%, CI 44%-68%; MMSE-World item 62%, CI 50%-73%).
    Conclusions: The MoCA is a suitably accurate, brief test when screening all levels of cognition in PD.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cognition Disorders/complications ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests/standards ; New Zealand ; Parkinson Disease/complications ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis ; Parkinson Disease/psychology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards ; ROC Curve
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-11-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181fc29c9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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