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Article: Evaluation of the Community Pharmacy Comorbidities Screening Service on Patients with Chronic Diseases.

Lewicki, Jędrzej / Religioni, Urszula / Merks, Piotr

2021 Volume 15, Page(s) 1611–1619

Abstract: Objective: Evaluation of the implementation of pharmaceutical services to detect comorbidities in at-risk patients.: Methods: This study was carried out in community pharmacies across Poland in 2019 inside the specially designed service "Refer the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Evaluation of the implementation of pharmaceutical services to detect comorbidities in at-risk patients. Methods: This study was carried out in community pharmacies across Poland in 2019 inside the specially designed service "Refer the Patient". The project was intended for patients with selected chronic diseases. The patients were identified on the basis of their medications (active substances). At-risk patients were referred for prophylactic examinations to detect comorbidities. Results: A total of 78 pharmacies took part in this study and 209 at-risk patients were identified. Out of the patients referred for examinations, 30% had deviant results, and 0.95% were diagnosed with new diseases. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical services supporting screening tests among at-risk patients are highly recommended. Pharmacist intervention allows for early detection of comorbidities and prompt treatment. The pharmaceutical service "Refer the Patient" makes it possible to detect a disease at an early stage. Rapid implementation of treatment can prevent serious health consequences, maintains patient quality of life, and reduce treatment costs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-17
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2455848-5
ISSN	1177-889X
ISSN	1177-889X
DOI	10.2147/PPA.S312341
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Article ; Online: Falsified Drugs in the Opinion of Patients Diagnosed with Cardiovascular Diseases-Nationwide and Cross-Sectional Study on the Example of EU-Member Country.

Świeczkowski, Damian / Zdanowski, Szymon / Merks, Piotr / Jaguszewski, Miłosz

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 7

Abstract: Background: In light of a falsified medications pandemic, understanding the patient perspective on falsified medicines is warranted. Our study aimed to investigate the perspectives regarding falsified medicines among patients with cardiovascular ... ...

Abstract	Background: In light of a falsified medications pandemic, understanding the patient perspective on falsified medicines is warranted. Our study aimed to investigate the perspectives regarding falsified medicines among patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted based on a questionnaire: (i) Respondents suffering from cardiovascular diseases and (ii) respondents not being chronically ill. Only participants below 50 years of age were included. Results: We enrolled 1200 respondents total, 800 in the study group and 400 in the control group (in cooperation with a professional public opinion research center). The vast majority of participants agreed that community pharmacies are the only place that ensures the secure purchasing of non-falsified drugs (67.01% study group and 65.25% control group; Conclusions: Awareness of the risks associated with falsified drugs among patients with cardiovascular diseases remains high but still insufficient.
MeSH term(s)	Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Counterfeit Drugs ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pharmacies
Chemical Substances	Counterfeit Drugs
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18073823
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Article: Access to Medicines via Non-Pharmacy Outlets in European Countries-A Review of Regulations and the Influence on the Self-Medication Phenomenon.

Oleszkiewicz, Patrycja / Krysinski, Jerzy / Religioni, Urszula / Merks, Piotr

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 9, Issue 2

Abstract: Non-pharmacy trade concerns the sale of medicinal products outside of pharmacies, such as limited-service pharmacies, supermarkets, petrol stations, shops open to the public, and kiosks. Access to medicinal products via non-pharmacy outlets varies across ...

Abstract	Non-pharmacy trade concerns the sale of medicinal products outside of pharmacies, such as limited-service pharmacies, supermarkets, petrol stations, shops open to the public, and kiosks. Access to medicinal products via non-pharmacy outlets varies across the European countries, with a general deregulation of this market area observable. Increasing the availability of medicines by allowing patients to obtain them outside of pharmacies contributes to the spread of self-medication. The aim of this article was to review the legal regulations enabling the non-pharmacy trade in OTC (over the counter) medicinal products in European countries, with particular emphasis on the analysis of active substances contained in medicines available in the non-pharmacy trade. This analysis has made it possible to distinguish three categories of countries: (1) where there is a non-pharmacy trade in OTC medicinal products, (2) where there is a limited non-pharmacy trade in OTC medicines, (3) where there is only a pharmacy trade in OTC medicinal products. In the context of these considerations, we highlight the impact of patient access to medicinal products via non-pharmacy sources on raising the prevalence of self-medication. This article identifies the advantages and risks of self-medication, emphasising the role of the pharmacist as an advisor to patients within the scope of the therapies used.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare9020123
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Article: The Intestinal and Skin Microbiome in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Their Influence on the Course of the Disease: A Literature Review.

Mazur, Małgorzata / Tomczak, Hanna / Łodyga, Martha / Plagens-Rotman, Katarzyna / Merks, Piotr / Czarnecka-Operacz, Magdalena

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 11, Issue 5

Abstract: Bacteria inhabiting the digestive tract are responsible for our health. The microbiome is essential for the development of the immune system and homeostasis of the body. Maintaining homeostasis is very important, but also extremely complicated. The gut ... ...

Abstract	Bacteria inhabiting the digestive tract are responsible for our health. The microbiome is essential for the development of the immune system and homeostasis of the body. Maintaining homeostasis is very important, but also extremely complicated. The gut microbiome is related to the skin microbiome. It can therefore be assumed that changes in the microbes inhabiting the skin are greatly influenced by the bacteria living in the intestines. Changes in the composition and function of microbes (dysbiosis in the skin and intestines) have recently been linked to changes in the immune response and the development of skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). This review was compiled by collaborating Dermatologists specializing in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. A comprehensive review of the current literature was performed using PubMed and limited to relevant case reports and original papers on the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. The inclusion criterion was that the paper was published in a peer-reviewed journal in the last 10 years (2012-2022). No limitations on the language of the publication or the type of study were made. It has been shown that any rapid changes in the composition of the microflora may be associated with the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms of the disease. Various studies have proven that the microbiome of many systems (including the intestines) may have a significant impact on the development of the inflammatory process within the skin in the course of AD. It has been shown that an early interaction between the microbiome and immune system may result in a noticeable delay in the onset of atopic diseases. It seems to be of high importance for physicians to understand the role of the microbiome in AD, not only from the pathophysiological standpoint but also in terms of the complex treatment that is required. Perhaps young children diagnosed with AD present specific characteristics of the intestinal microflora. This might be related to the early introduction of antibiotics and dietary manipulations in breastfeeding mothers in the early childhood of AD patients. It is most likely related to the abuse of antibiotics from the first days of life.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare11050766
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Article: Quality of Pharmaceutical Services in Independent Pharmacies and Pharmacy Chains in Poland from the Patient Perspective.

Bratkowska, Karolina / Religioni, Urszula / Krysiński, Jerzy / Merks, Piotr

Patient preference and adherence

2020 Volume 14, Page(s) 2459–2467

Abstract: Introduction: Patient satisfaction is a key factor in the evaluation of the quality of healthcare services. Measuring patient satisfaction is common in outpatient, specialist, and hospital healthcare, and is also significant in relation to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Patient satisfaction is a key factor in the evaluation of the quality of healthcare services. Measuring patient satisfaction is common in outpatient, specialist, and hospital healthcare, and is also significant in relation to pharmaceutical services. The pharmacy market in Poland has been undergoing transformations for many years. Legal regulations implemented in 2002 resulted in a rapid growth of pharmacy chains and a decrease in the number of independent pharmacies. This situation may have translated into changes in the quality of pharmaceutical services. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction with services provided in independent pharmacies and pharmacy chains in Poland. Patients and methods: A total of 163 patients using randomly selected community pharmacies in Poland were enrolled in the study. A modified Community Pharmacy Patient Questionnaire (CPPQ) was used. Results: The patients highly valued pharmaceutical services provided in Polish pharmacies. The level of service was slightly higher in pharmacy chains. The lowest-rated area was the provision of information on medications, with independent pharmacies higher-rated in this respect. The patients were open to additional services in pharmacies and supported the development of pharmaceutical care. Conclusion: Independent pharmacies and pharmacy chains ensure a similar level of services for patients in Poland. Pharmacy staff should place a special emphasis on providing patients with comprehensive information on medications. The development of pharmaceutical care in Poland will require appropriate legislative preparation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-14
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2455848-5
ISSN	1177-889X
ISSN	1177-889X
DOI	10.2147/PPA.S284014
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Article ; Online: Community Pharmacies in Poland-The Journey from a Deregulated to a Strictly Regulated Market.

Wiśniewski, Marcin / Religioni, Urszula / Merks, Piotr

International journal of environmental research and public health

2020 Volume 17, Issue 23

Abstract: Community pharmacies are the primary entities providing drugs to individual patients in Poland. The pharmacy market has been changing for many years due to significant changes in market regulations. These changes significantly affect the profitability of ...

Abstract	Community pharmacies are the primary entities providing drugs to individual patients in Poland. The pharmacy market has been changing for many years due to significant changes in market regulations. These changes significantly affect the profitability of pharmacies, which may impact the quality of pharmacotherapy. The small number of pharmacies, which resulted from changes in the law in 2017, can influence the level of patient care. The article presents the community pharmacies market in Poland. Particular attention is paid to the legal regulations affecting community pharmacies and the impact of these regulations on the overall shape of the market. The Polish system's specificity, including the pharmacy market indicators, has been compared with data from other European Union countries.
MeSH term(s)	Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug and Narcotic Control/statistics & numerical data ; Drug and Narcotic Control/trends ; European Union/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Pharmacies/legislation & jurisprudence ; Pharmacies/statistics & numerical data ; Poland
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph17238751
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Challenges for Polish Community Pharmacists in Provision of Services to Immigrants and Non-Polish-Speakers in 2018.

Plombon, Marcin / Religioni, Urszula / Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka / Merks, Piotr

Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research

2021 Volume 27, Page(s) e933678

Abstract: BACKGROUND International patient services in community pharmacies are becoming increasingly common. The growing number of immigrants, as well as the developing trend of medical tourism, make it necessary to provide these people with access to healthcare ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND International patient services in community pharmacies are becoming increasingly common. The growing number of immigrants, as well as the developing trend of medical tourism, make it necessary to provide these people with access to healthcare services, including pharmaceutical services in generally accessible pharmacies. Serving non-Polish-speaking patients, however, requires both fluent specialist knowledge of a foreign language and interpersonal skills. These skills can greatly influence the proper use of medications by patients. This study aimed to investigate the reported challenges for Polish community pharmacists in the provision of services to immigrants and non-Polish-speakers in 2018. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 98 pharmacists and pharmaceutical technicians from community pharmacies in Poland. The research tool was a questionnaire sent to pharmacy staff in cooperation with pharmacy councils in 2018. RESULTS Analysis of the data gathered using a 5-point Likert scale showed that the participants rated the preparedness for international patient services in pharmacies as medium (mean 2.76±1.33). The mean foreign language knowledge score was 2.99±1.29. The participants indicated a low possibility of acquiring these language skills (mean 2.53±0.91), and emphasized that patients from abroad rarely asked about the use of the medications (mean=2.20±1.06). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that in 2018, pharmacy staff in Poland did not feel adequately prepared to provide comprehensive pharmacy services for immigrants and non-Polish-speakers, with concerns of non-compliance with medications due to poor communication.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Communication Barriers ; Community Pharmacy Services/statistics & numerical data ; Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharmacists/statistics & numerical data ; Poland ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1439041-3
ISSN	1643-3750 ; 1234-1010
ISSN (online)	1643-3750
ISSN	1234-1010
DOI	10.12659/MSM.933678
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Article ; Online: The impact of multimodal therapies on the comfort and safety of patients in the immediate post-anaesthetic period following gynaecological procedures - part I.

Biskup, Agnieszka / Plagens-Rotman, Katarzyna / Polocka-Molinska, Maria / Merks, Piotr

Ginekologia polska

2021 Volume 92, Issue 2, Page(s) 85–91

Abstract: Objectives: Pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting are among the most unpleasant sensations experienced after surgery. Patients after gynaecological surgery are at higher risk for both complications. Former methods of pain management based mainly on ...

Abstract	Objectives: Pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting are among the most unpleasant sensations experienced after surgery. Patients after gynaecological surgery are at higher risk for both complications. Former methods of pain management based mainly on opioid administration were much less safe, especially for elderly patients. In addition, they generated an even greater increase of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Multimodal therapies in anesthesiology are currently being used more and more often. These include both multimodal postoperative pain management and multimodal prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The aim of the study was to assess the benefits of the methods used for gynaecological patients in the immediate postanesthetic period. Material and methods: The research material is an analysis of medical documentation of 150 patients from the gynaecology clinic who underwent surgical procedures of categories III and IV from October 2018 and until January 2019, carried out in one of the clinical hospitals in Szczecin at the Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Clinic. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 1. Patients who received multimodal analgesia using non-opioid and opioid analgesics. 2. Patients who received multimodal analgesia using non-opioid and opioid analgesics and adjuvants. 3. Patients who received multimodal analgesia using non-opioid and opioid analgesics and central blockade. Results: The highest age was in the third group at 57.48 years of age, 50.86 in the second group, and 47.8 in the first group. Healthy patients classified as ASA 1 accounted for 14% of group I, 18% of group II and 10% of group III. Patients with severe systemic disease (ASA 3) constituted 30% of group III 18%, of group II and 8% of group I. Upon leaving the operating room, as many as 80% of the patients from groups II and III did not feel any pain. In group I was 52%. When entering the recovery room, 26% of the patients in group I, 10% in group III, and 8% in group II rated their pain as higher than 5. The most used antiemetic medication in the studied facility was ondansetron. In group II it was given to 36 (72%) patients, in group III to 23 (46%) patients, and 13 (26%) patients in group I. In the postanaesthetic care unit, 9 (18%) patients in group III, 6 (12%) patients in group I, and 3 (6%) patients in group II received ondansetron. Metoclopramide was given only to patients in group III - one intraoperatively, and the other in the recovery room. Conclusions: Multimodal analgesia is effective in pain treatment. The use of PONV prevention is used for gynaecological patients. The analysis of the surgical records facilitated the recognition of patient needs.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage ; Anesthetics/administration & dosage ; Anesthetics/adverse effects ; Antiemetics/administration & dosage ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ondansetron/administration & dosage ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control ; Postoperative Period
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthetics ; Antiemetics ; Ondansetron (4AF302ESOS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-12
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130894-4
ISSN	2543-6767 ; 0017-0011
ISSN (online)	2543-6767
ISSN	0017-0011
DOI	10.5603/GP.a2020.0167
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Article ; Online: The impact of multimodal therapies on the comfort and safety of patients in the immediate post-anaesthetic period following gynaecological procedures - part II.

Biskup, Agnieszka / Plagens-Rotman, Katarzyna / Polocka-Molinska, Maria / Merks, Piotr

Ginekologia polska

2021 Volume 92, Issue 3, Page(s) 175–182

Abstract: Objectives: The second part of the study was to assess the effects of the types of anaesthesia along with multimodal analgesia on the stability of vital functions at the critical moment of awakening from anaesthesia.: Material and methods: The ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The second part of the study was to assess the effects of the types of anaesthesia along with multimodal analgesia on the stability of vital functions at the critical moment of awakening from anaesthesia. Material and methods: The material comprised the medical records at the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Szczecin. The anaesthesia record forms and recovery room observation charts of 150 patients from the Gynaecology Clinic who had undergone category III and IV surgical procedures between October 2018 and January 2019 were selected for analysis. The patients were divided into three groups: 1. Patients given multimodal analgesia with non-opioid and opioid analgesics. 2. Patients given multimodal analgesia with non-opioid analgesics and adjuvants. 3. Patients given multimodal analgesia with non-opioid and opioid analgesics, as well as neuraxial anaesthesia. Results: The average minimum heart rate in the operating room was 63.92 in group I, 61.48 in group II, and 62.34 in group III. The most common cause of bradycardia during surgery was insufflation. The average SBP prior to surgery was similar in groups I and II - 128.74 and 128.66, respectively. The average maximum values during surgery were 135.24 in group I, 139.34 in group II, and 142.32 in group III. At the time of discharge from the post-anaesthetic care unit, all the patients from the study group had achieved an Aldrete score of 10. Following the anaesthesia, 24% of the patients in group I, 22% in group II, and 28% in group III required oxygen therapy. Conclusions: When using multimodal analgesia, the time required to fully awaken even after extensive surgical procedures was no longer than two hours.
MeSH term(s)	Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthetics ; Humans ; Pain Management/methods ; Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy ; Pain, Postoperative/etiology ; Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-10
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130894-4
ISSN	2543-6767 ; 0017-0011
ISSN (online)	2543-6767
ISSN	0017-0011
DOI	10.5603/GP.a2021.0022
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Article ; Online: Visceral therapy in disorders of the female reproductive organs.

Wojcik, Malgorzata / Plagens-Rotman, Katarzyna / Merks, Piotr / Mizgier, Malgorzata / Kedzia, Witold / Jarzabek-Bielecka, Grazyna

Ginekologia polska

2022 Volume 93, Issue 6, Page(s) 511–518

Abstract: Dyspareunia is genital pain during sexual intercourse without constriction of the vulva or vagina. This is one of the most significant issues that lies at the border of gynaecology and sexology. Dyspareunia can be caused by endometriosis. Many women can ... ...

Abstract	Dyspareunia is genital pain during sexual intercourse without constriction of the vulva or vagina. This is one of the most significant issues that lies at the border of gynaecology and sexology. Dyspareunia can be caused by endometriosis. Many women can also experience premenstrual syndrome, which can occur as a separate problem. All three of these can result from an imbalance between the female genital organs and their surrounding tissues with other structures of the skeletal or visceral system, with impaired mobility and motility of organs, intra-organ movement, vascular drainage, a pressure gradient between the urogenital and diaphragmatic cylinders, dysfunctions in the area of the broad ligament of the uterus, and fascial bonding. Apart from standard treatment methods used in gynaecology and sexology, physiotherapy (e.g., visceral therapy) is of great value. Visceral therapy aims at restoring intra-organ movement, reducing tension, focusing on the area of the two cylinders of the trunk, and supporting the functioning of the vascular system in the vicinity of the uterus. All these activities reduce pain and substantially change the functioning of the uterus and ovaries.
MeSH term(s)	Dyspareunia/etiology ; Endometriosis/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Pain ; Vagina
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-29
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130894-4
ISSN	2543-6767 ; 0017-0011
ISSN (online)	2543-6767
ISSN	0017-0011
DOI	10.5603/GP.a2022.0021
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