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Article ; Online: A Specific Interaction between Ionic Liquids' Cations and Reichardt's Dye.

Mero, Angelica / Guglielmero, Luca / Guazzelli, Lorenzo / D'Andrea, Felicia / Mezzetta, Andrea / Pomelli, Christian Silvio

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 27, Issue 21

Abstract: Solvatochromic probes are often used to understand solvation environments at the molecular scale. In the case of ionic liquids constituted by an anion and a cation, which are designed and paired in order to obtain a low melting point and other desirable ... ...

Abstract	Solvatochromic probes are often used to understand solvation environments at the molecular scale. In the case of ionic liquids constituted by an anion and a cation, which are designed and paired in order to obtain a low melting point and other desirable physicochemical properties, these two indivisible components can interact in a very different way with the probe. This is the case with one of the most common probes: Reichardt's Dye. In the cases where the positive charge of the cation is delocalized on an aromatic ring such as imidazolium, the antibonding orbitals of the positively charged aromatic system are very similar in nature and energy to the LUMO of Reichardt's Dye. This leads to an interesting, specific cation-probe interaction that can be used to elucidate the nature of the ionic liquids' cations. Parallel computational and experimental investigations have been conducted to elucidate the nature of this interaction with respect to the molecular structure of the cation.
MeSH term(s)	Ionic Liquids/chemistry ; Pyridinium Compounds/chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Cations
Chemical Substances	Ionic Liquids ; 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-1-pyridinio)phenolate ; Pyridinium Compounds ; Cations
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27217205
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Article: Challenging DESs and ILs in the valorization of food waste: a case study.

Mero, Angelica / Moody, Nicholas R / Husanu, Elena / Mezzetta, Andrea / D'Andrea, Felicia / Pomelli, Christian Silvio / Bernaert, Nathalie / Paradisi, Francesca / Guazzelli, Lorenzo

Frontiers in chemistry

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1270221

Abstract: In this study, the efficacy of two of the best performing green solvents for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, cholinium arginate (ChArg) as biobased ionic liquid (Bio-IL) and ChCl:lactic acid (ChCl:LA, 1:10) as natural deep eutectic solvent ( ...

Abstract	In this study, the efficacy of two of the best performing green solvents for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, cholinium arginate (ChArg) as biobased ionic liquid (Bio-IL) and ChCl:lactic acid (ChCl:LA, 1:10) as natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), was investigated and compared in the pretreatment of an agri-food industry waste, apple fibers (90°C for 1 h). For the sake of comparison, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BMIM OAc) as one of the best IL able to dissolve cellulose was also used. After the pretreatment, two fractions were obtained in each case. The results gathered through FTIR and TG analyses of the two materials and the subsequent DNS assay performed after enzymatic treatment led to identify ChArg as the best medium to delignify and remove waxes, present on the starting apple fibers, thus producing a material substantially enriched in cellulose (CRM). Conversely, ChCl:LA did not provide satisfactorily results using these mild conditions, while BMIM OAc showed intermediate performance probably on account of the reduced crystallinity of cellulose after the dissolution-regeneration process. To corroborate the obtained data, FTIR and TG analyses were also performed on the residues collected after the enzymatic hydrolysis. At the end of the pretreatment, ChArg was also quantitatively recovered without significant alterations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711776-5
ISSN	2296-2646
ISSN	2296-2646
DOI	10.3389/fchem.2023.1270221
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Article: Fibrinogen-Based Bioink for Application in Skin Equivalent 3D Bioprinting.

Cavallo, Aida / Al Kayal, Tamer / Mero, Angelica / Mezzetta, Andrea / Guazzelli, Lorenzo / Soldani, Giorgio / Losi, Paola

Journal of functional biomaterials

2023 Volume 14, Issue 9

Abstract: Three-dimensional bioprinting has emerged as an attractive technology due to its ability to mimic native tissue architecture using different cell types and biomaterials. Nowadays, cell-laden bioink development or skin tissue equivalents are still at an ... ...

Abstract	Three-dimensional bioprinting has emerged as an attractive technology due to its ability to mimic native tissue architecture using different cell types and biomaterials. Nowadays, cell-laden bioink development or skin tissue equivalents are still at an early stage. The aim of the study is to propose a bioink to be used in skin bioprinting based on a blend of fibrinogen and alginate to form a hydrogel by enzymatic polymerization with thrombin and by ionic crosslinking with divalent calcium ions. The biomaterial ink formulation, composed of 30 mg/mL of fibrinogen, 6% of alginate, and 25 mM of CaCl
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2648525-4
ISSN	2079-4983
ISSN	2079-4983
DOI	10.3390/jfb14090459
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Article ; Online: Dielectric Study of Tetraalkylammonium and Tetraalkylphosphonium Levulinate Ionic Liquids.

Kripotou, Sotiria / Tsonos, Georgios / Mezzetta, Andrea / Mero, Angelica / Guazzelli, Lorenzo / Moutzouris, Konstantinos / Stavrakas, Ilias / Tsonos, Christos

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 10

Abstract: Broadband dielectric spectroscopy in a broad temperature range was employed to study ionic conductivity and dynamics in tetraalkylammonium- and tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) having levulinate as a common anion. Combining data for ionic ... ...

Abstract	Broadband dielectric spectroscopy in a broad temperature range was employed to study ionic conductivity and dynamics in tetraalkylammonium- and tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) having levulinate as a common anion. Combining data for ionic conductivity with data obtained for viscosity in a Walden plot, we show that ionic conductivity is controlled by viscosity while a strong association of ions takes place. Higher values for ionic conductivities in a broad temperature range were found for the tetraalkylphosphonium-based IL compared to its ammonium homolog in accordance with its lower viscosity. Levulinate used in the present study as anion was found to interact and associate stronger with the cations forming ion-pairs or other complexes compared to the NTf
MeSH term(s)	Anions ; Electric Conductivity ; Ionic Liquids/chemistry ; Ions/chemistry ; Keto Acids ; Viscosity
Chemical Substances	Anions ; Ionic Liquids ; Ions ; Keto Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23105642
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Article ; Online: The ability of deep eutectic solvent systems to extract bioactive compounds from apple pomace.

Moni Bottu, Heleena / Mero, Angelica / Husanu, Elena / Tavernier, Serge / Pomelli, Christian S / Dewaele, Annelies / Bernaert, Nathalie / Guazzelli, Lorenzo / Brennan, Lorraine

Food chemistry

2022 Volume 386, Page(s) 132717

Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the bioactivity of extracts from apple pomace obtained by non-conventional green extraction methods (DES systems). Bioactivity was antioxidant capacity and ability to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to examine the bioactivity of extracts from apple pomace obtained by non-conventional green extraction methods (DES systems). Bioactivity was antioxidant capacity and ability to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was examined using the DPPH and the FRAP assay. Impact of the extracts on cell viability and insulin secretion were examined using the BRIN-BD11 cell line. ChCl:EG(1:4) extracts resulted in high antioxidant capacity in the DPPH assay (80.1% inhibition versus 11.3%). Extracts obtained from the classical systems demonstrated an ability to promote insulin secretion significantly higher than the positive control, p < 0.05. ChCl:EG(1:4) extracts stimulated insulin secretion to a lesser extent. Overall, the data provides evidence for the potential of DES systems to extract bioactive compounds from apple pomace that have relevance for metabolic health. Further optimisation of the extraction procedures should be tailored to the desired bioactive properties.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/chemistry ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Deep Eutectic Solvents ; Malus/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Solvents/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Deep Eutectic Solvents ; Plant Extracts ; Solvents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132717
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Article ; Online: The ability of deep eutectic solvent systems to extract bioactive compounds from apple pomace

Moni Bottu, Heleena / Mero, Angelica / Husanu, Elena / Tavernier, Serge / Pomelli, Christian S. / Dewaele, Annelies / Bernaert, Nathalie / Guazzelli, Lorenzo / Brennan, Lorraine

Food Chemistry. 2022 Aug., v. 386 p.132717-

2022

Abstract	The objective of this study was to examine the bioactivity of extracts from apple pomace obtained by non-conventional green extraction methods (DES systems). Bioactivity was antioxidant capacity and ability to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was examined using the DPPH and the FRAP assay. Impact of the extracts on cell viability and insulin secretion were examined using the BRIN-BD11 cell line. ChCl:EG(1:4) extracts resulted in high antioxidant capacity in the DPPH assay (80.1% inhibition versus 11.3%). Extracts obtained from the classical systems demonstrated an ability to promote insulin secretion significantly higher than the positive control, p < 0.05. ChCl:EG(1:4) extracts stimulated insulin secretion to a lesser extent. Overall, the data provides evidence for the potential of DES systems to extract bioactive compounds from apple pomace that have relevance for metabolic health. Further optimisation of the extraction procedures should be tailored to the desired bioactive properties.
Keywords	antioxidant activity ; apple pomace ; cell lines ; cell viability ; food chemistry ; insulin secretion ; solvents ; Bioactive ; Green solvents
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132717
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Are natural deep eutectic solvents always a sustainable option? A bioassay-based study

Vieira Sanches, Matilde / Freitas, Rosa / Oliva, Matteo / Mero, Angelica / De Marchi, Lucia / Cuccaro, Alessia / Fumagalli, Giorgia / Mezzetta, Andrea / Colombo Dugoni, Greta / Ferro, Monica / Mele, Andrea / Guazzelli, Lorenzo / Pretti, Carlo

Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2023 Feb., v. 30, no. 7 p.17268-17279

2023

Abstract: The traditional use of organic solvents in various branches of industry is being rethought as these compounds very often display high volatility, toxicity and lipophilicity (related to the ability to interact with biological membranes). More recently, ... ...

Abstract	The traditional use of organic solvents in various branches of industry is being rethought as these compounds very often display high volatility, toxicity and lipophilicity (related to the ability to interact with biological membranes). More recently, developments in the field of Green Chemistry are focusing on the design of more sustainable and cost-effective solvent alternatives like Ionic Liquids (ILs), bio-based solvents and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs). The present study aimed at performing an ecotoxicological screening of 15 NADESs using an extensive set of marine and freshwater bioassays, based on different endpoints as the following: immobilization of the crustacean Daphnia magna, growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata and of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, larval development alterations on the serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus and bioluminescence inhibition of Aliivibrio fischeri. What emerged was a general absence of toxicity of all samples. However, both algal assays showed a certain degree of biostimulation, up to over 100% growth increase in respect to controls with 8 out of 15 compounds tested with Raphidocelis subcapitata. Despite NADESs-induced negligible toxicity effects to invertebrates, encouraging their labelling as “sustainable” solvents, the liability of their intentional or accidental release into aquatic systems may represent a serious risk in terms of ecosystem functioning impairments.
Keywords	Daphnia magna ; Phaeodactylum tricornutum ; Selenastrum capricornutum ; Vibrio fischeri ; algae ; bioluminescence ; cost effectiveness ; ecosystems ; ecotoxicology ; freshwater ; green chemistry ; growth retardation ; industry ; larval development ; lipophilicity ; risk ; solvents ; toxicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Size	p. 17268-17279.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-022-23362-5
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Marine Collagen-Based Bioink for 3D Bioprinting of a Bilayered Skin Model.

Cavallo, Aida / Al Kayal, Tamer / Mero, Angelica / Mezzetta, Andrea / Pisani, Anissa / Foffa, Ilenia / Vecoli, Cecilia / Buscemi, Marianna / Guazzelli, Lorenzo / Soldani, Giorgio / Losi, Paola

Pharmaceutics

2023 Volume 15, Issue 5

Abstract: Marine organisms (i.e., fish, jellyfish, sponges or seaweeds) represent an abundant and eco-friendly source of collagen. Marine collagen, compared to mammalian collagen, can be easily extracted, is water-soluble, avoids transmissible diseases and owns ... ...

Abstract	Marine organisms (i.e., fish, jellyfish, sponges or seaweeds) represent an abundant and eco-friendly source of collagen. Marine collagen, compared to mammalian collagen, can be easily extracted, is water-soluble, avoids transmissible diseases and owns anti-microbial activities. Recent studies have reported marine collagen as a suitable biomaterial for skin tissue regeneration. The aim of this work was to investigate, for the first time, marine collagen from basa fish skin for the development of a bioink for extrusion 3D bioprinting of a bilayered skin model. The bioinks were obtained by mixing semi-crosslinked alginate with 10 and 20 mg/mL of collagen. The bioinks were characterised by evaluating the printability in terms of homogeneity, spreading ratio, shape fidelity and rheological properties. Morphology, degradation rate, swelling properties and antibacterial activity were also evaluated. The alginate-based bioink containing 20 mg/mL of marine collagen was selected for 3D bioprinting of skin-like constructs with human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The bioprinted constructs showed a homogeneous distribution of viable and proliferating cells at days 1, 7 and 14 of culture evaluated by qualitative (live/dead) and qualitative (XTT) assays, and histological (H&E) and gene expression analysis. In conclusion, marine collagen can be successfully used to formulate a bioink for 3D bioprinting. In particular, the obtained bioink can be printed in 3D structures and is able to support fibroblasts and keratinocytes viability and proliferation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics15051331
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Article ; Online: Expanding the Chemical Space of Benzimidazole Dicationic Ionic Liquids.

Mezzetta, Andrea / Guglielmero, Luca / Mero, Angelica / Tofani, Giorgio / D'Andrea, Felicia / Pomelli, Christian Silvio / Guazzelli, Lorenzo

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 26, Issue 14

Abstract: Benzimidazole dicationic ionic liquids (BDILs) have not yet been widely explored in spite of their potential. Therefore, two structurally related families of BDILs, paired with either bromide or bistriflimide anions and bearing alkyl spacers ranging from ...

Abstract	Benzimidazole dicationic ionic liquids (BDILs) have not yet been widely explored in spite of their potential. Therefore, two structurally related families of BDILs, paired with either bromide or bistriflimide anions and bearing alkyl spacers ranging from C3 to C6, have been prepared. Their thermal properties have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while their electrical properties have been assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). TG analysis confirmed the higher stability of the bistriflimide BDILs over the bromide BDILs, with minor variation within the two families. Conversely, DSC and CV allowed for ascertaining the role played by the spacer length. In particular, the thermal behavior changed dramatically among the members of the bistriflimide family, and all three possible thermal behavior types of ILs were observed. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry showed different electrochemical window (C
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules26144211
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Article: Combining acid-based deep eutectic solvents and microwave irradiation for improved chestnut shell waste valorization

González-Rivera, José / Mero, Angelica / Husanu, Elena / Mezzetta, Andrea / Ferrari, Carlo / D'Andrea, Felicia / Bramanti, Emilia / Pomelli, Christian S. / Guazzelli, Lorenzo

Green chemistry. 2021 Dec. 13, v. 23, no. 24

2021

Abstract: A microwave (MW)/deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted (MWDA) extraction process for obtaining value-added compounds from chestnut shell waste (CSW) is presented. DESs were used as green solvents featuring both high biomass dissolution ability and good ... ...

Abstract	A microwave (MW)/deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted (MWDA) extraction process for obtaining value-added compounds from chestnut shell waste (CSW) is presented. DESs were used as green solvents featuring both high biomass dissolution ability and good response to MW irradiation. A survey of different acid-based DESs led to the identification of Choline Chloride (ChCl)–oxalic acid as the system most sensitive to experimental design variations, especially when considering the total phenolic content (TPC) and the total mass amount recovered (yield wt%). Hence, the MW absorption properties of ChCl–oxalic acid dihydrate and ChCl–oxalic acid DESs, as single components and in mixture with water, were assessed by the experimental determination of their MW heating response. Moreover, the extraction efficiency for the best MW responding system, ChCl–oxalic acid dihydrate, was evaluated at different MW-irradiation times and extraction temperatures. The isolated polyphenols from CSW were further characterized by HPLC-DAD analysis. Gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin hydrate and procyanidin B2 were identified and quantified, with their relative ratios varying as a function of the MWDA extraction conditions. Lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose compositions of the solid residues of CSW after the MWDA extraction were assessed using a cross validation model obtained by partial least squares regression (PLS) of their FTIR spectra. The chemometrics results, corroborated by SEM analyses, highlighted the ability of the oxalic acid-based DES to simultaneously remove lignin during polyphenol extraction. Overall, the MWDA extraction process presented here enables the fast, cheap and tunable processing of food waste yielding a high amount of valuable bioactive compounds.
Keywords	absorption ; biomass ; catechin ; cellulose ; chemometrics ; chestnut shells ; choline chloride ; ellagic acid ; experimental design ; gallic acid ; green chemistry ; heat ; hemicellulose ; irradiation ; lignin ; microwave radiation ; models ; procyanidins ; solvents ; surveys ; value added
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1213
Size	p. 10101-10115.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2006274-6
ISSN	1463-9270 ; 1463-9262
ISSN (online)	1463-9270
ISSN	1463-9262
DOI	10.1039/d1gc03450b
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