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  1. Article ; Online: Adipokine and fat body in flies: Connecting organs.

    Meschi, Eleonora / Delanoue, Renald

    Molecular and cellular endocrinology

    2021  Volume 533, Page(s) 111339

    Abstract: Under conditions of nutritional and environmental stress, organismal homeostasis is preserved through inter-communication between multiple organs. To do so, higher organisms have developed a system of interorgan communication through which one tissue can ...

    Abstract Under conditions of nutritional and environmental stress, organismal homeostasis is preserved through inter-communication between multiple organs. To do so, higher organisms have developed a system of interorgan communication through which one tissue can affect the metabolism, activity or fate of remote organs, tissues or cells. In this review, we discuss the latest findings emphasizing Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model organism to study these interactions and may constitute one of the best documented examples depicting the long-distance communication between organs. In flies, the adipose tissue appears to be one of the main organizing centers for the regulation of insect development and behavior: it senses nutritional and hormonal signals and in turn, orchestrates the release of appropriate adipokines. We discuss the nature and the role of recently uncovered adipokines, their regulations by external cues, their secretory routes and their modes of action to adjust developmental growth and timing accordingly. These findings have the potential for identification of candidate factors and signaling pathways that mediate conserved interorgan crosstalk.
    MeSH term(s) Adipokines/metabolism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology ; Fat Body/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Homeostasis ; Models, Animal
    Chemical Substances Adipokines ; Drosophila Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 187438-x
    ISSN 1872-8057 ; 0303-7207
    ISSN (online) 1872-8057
    ISSN 0303-7207
    DOI 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111339
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Adipokine and fat body in flies: Connecting organs

    Meschi, Eleonora / Delanoue, Renald

    Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2021 Aug. 01, v. 533

    2021  

    Abstract: Under conditions of nutritional and environmental stress, organismal homeostasis is preserved through inter-communication between multiple organs. To do so, higher organisms have developed a system of interorgan communication through which one tissue can ...

    Abstract Under conditions of nutritional and environmental stress, organismal homeostasis is preserved through inter-communication between multiple organs. To do so, higher organisms have developed a system of interorgan communication through which one tissue can affect the metabolism, activity or fate of remote organs, tissues or cells. In this review, we discuss the latest findings emphasizing Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model organism to study these interactions and may constitute one of the best documented examples depicting the long-distance communication between organs. In flies, the adipose tissue appears to be one of the main organizing centers for the regulation of insect development and behavior: it senses nutritional and hormonal signals and in turn, orchestrates the release of appropriate adipokines. We discuss the nature and the role of recently uncovered adipokines, their regulations by external cues, their secretory routes and their modes of action to adjust developmental growth and timing accordingly. These findings have the potential for identification of candidate factors and signaling pathways that mediate conserved interorgan crosstalk.
    Keywords Drosophila melanogaster ; adipokines ; fat body ; homeostasis ; insect development ; metabolism
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0801
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 187438-x
    ISSN 1872-8057 ; 0303-7207
    ISSN (online) 1872-8057
    ISSN 0303-7207
    DOI 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111339
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Book ; Article ; Online: Do Non-tariff Barriers to Trade Save American Jobs and Wages?

    Leonardi, Marco / Meschi, Elena

    2021  

    Abstract: Before the recent rebound due to the US–China trade war, tariffs on international trade were being progressively reduced over the last decades and advanced countries increasingly relied on non-tariff measures (NTMs) to protect their industries from ... ...

    Abstract Before the recent rebound due to the US–China trade war, tariffs on international trade were being progressively reduced over the last decades and advanced countries increasingly relied on non-tariff measures (NTMs) to protect their industries from foreign competition. In this paper, we exploit a novel database on NTMs to test their role in shaping the labour market effects of exposure to Chinese import competition over the 2000–2015 period. We relate changes in manufacturing employment to the share of employed workers protected by NTMs across US local labour markets and we instrument NTMs using the industry share of employment in swing states during presidential elections. Our results indicate that NTMs mitigate the negative employment effect of exposure to Chinese imports and have a positive effect on manufacturing wages (especially for the unskilled).
    Keywords ddc:330 ; E24 ; J23 ; J31 ; import competition ; non-tariff barriers ; labour market ; Chinese imports
    Subject code 381
    Language English
    Publisher Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Book ; Article ; Online: The impact of working conditions on mental health

    Belloni, Michele / Carrino, Ludovico / Meschi, Elena

    novel evidence from the UK

    2022  

    Abstract: This paper investigates the causal impact of working conditions on mental health in the UK, combining new comprehensive longitudinal data on working conditions from the European Working Condition Survey with microdata from the UK Household Longitudinal ... ...

    Abstract This paper investigates the causal impact of working conditions on mental health in the UK, combining new comprehensive longitudinal data on working conditions from the European Working Condition Survey with microdata from the UK Household Longitudinal Survey (Understanding Society). Our empirical strategy accounts for the endogenous sorting of individuals into occupations by including individual fixed effects. It addresses the potential endogeneity of occupational change over time by focusing only on individuals who remain in the same occupation (same ISCO), exploiting the variation in working conditions within each occupation over time. This variation, determined primarily by general macroeconomic conditions, is likely to be exogenous from the individual point of view. Our results indicate that improvements in working conditions have a beneficial, statistically significant, and clinically meaningful impact on depressive symptoms for women. A one standard deviation increase in the skills and discretion index reduces depression score by 2.84 points, which corresponds to approximately 20% of the GHQ score standard deviation, while a one standard deviation increase in working time quality reduces depression score by 0.97 points. The results differ by age: improvements in skills and discretion benefit younger workers (through increases in decision latitude and training) and older workers (through higher cognitive roles), as do improvements in working time quality; changes in work intensity and physical environment affect only younger and older workers, respectively. Each aspect of job quality impacts different dimensions of mental health. Specifically, skills and discretion primarily affect the loss of confidence and anxiety; working time quality impacts anxiety and social dysfunction; work intensity affects the feeling of social dysfunction among young female workers. Finally, we show that improvements in levels of job control (higher skills and discretion) and job demand (lower intensity) lead to greater health ...
    Keywords ddc:330 ; I1 ; J24 ; J28 ; J81 ; mental health ; working conditions ; job demand ; job control
    Subject code 331
    Language English
    Publisher Essen: Global Labor Organization (GLO)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: An EGF-Responsive Neural Circuit Couples Insulin Secretion with Nutrition in Drosophila.

    Meschi, Eleonora / Léopold, Pierre / Delanoue, Renald

    Developmental cell

    2018  Volume 48, Issue 1, Page(s) 76–86.e5

    Abstract: Developing organisms use fine-tuning mechanisms to adjust body growth to ever-changing nutritional conditions. In Drosophila, the secretory activity of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) is central to couple systemic growth with amino acids availability. ... ...

    Abstract Developing organisms use fine-tuning mechanisms to adjust body growth to ever-changing nutritional conditions. In Drosophila, the secretory activity of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) is central to couple systemic growth with amino acids availability. Here, we identify a subpopulation of inhibitory neurons contacting the IPCs (IPC-connecting neurons or ICNs) that play a key role in this coupling. We show that ICNs respond to growth-blocking peptides (GBPs), a family of fat-body-derived signals produced upon availability of dietary amino acids. We demonstrate that GBPs are atypical ligands for the fly EGF receptor (EGFR). Upon activation of EGFR by adipose GBPs, ICN-mediated inhibition of IPC function is relieved, allowing insulin secretion. Our study reveals an unexpected role for EGF-like metabolic hormones and EGFR signaling as critical modulators of neural activity, coupling insulin secretion to the nutritional status.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Secretion/physiology ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Larva/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nutritional Status/physiology
    Chemical Substances Drosophila Proteins ; Insulin ; Epidermal Growth Factor (62229-50-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2054967-2
    ISSN 1878-1551 ; 1534-5807
    ISSN (online) 1878-1551
    ISSN 1534-5807
    DOI 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.029
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Gliotransmission of D-serine promotes thirst-directed behaviors in Drosophila.

    Park, Annie / Croset, Vincent / Otto, Nils / Agarwal, Devika / Treiber, Christoph D / Meschi, Eleonora / Sims, David / Waddell, Scott

    Current biology : CB

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 18, Page(s) 3952–3970.e8

    Abstract: Thirst emerges from a range of cellular changes that ultimately motivate an animal to consume water. Although thirst-responsive neuronal signals have been reported, the full complement of brain responses is unclear. Here, we identify molecular and ... ...

    Abstract Thirst emerges from a range of cellular changes that ultimately motivate an animal to consume water. Although thirst-responsive neuronal signals have been reported, the full complement of brain responses is unclear. Here, we identify molecular and cellular adaptations in the brain using single-cell sequencing of water-deprived Drosophila. Water deficiency primarily altered the glial transcriptome. Screening the regulated genes revealed astrocytic expression of the astray-encoded phosphoserine phosphatase to bi-directionally regulate water consumption. Astray synthesizes the gliotransmitter D-serine, and vesicular release from astrocytes is required for drinking. Moreover, dietary D-serine rescues aay-dependent drinking deficits while facilitating water consumption and expression of water-seeking memory. D-serine action requires binding to neuronal NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Fly astrocytes contribute processes to tripartite synapses, and the proportion of astrocytes that are themselves activated by glutamate increases with water deprivation. We propose that thirst elevates astrocytic D-serine release, which awakens quiescent glutamatergic circuits to enhance water procurement.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Drosophila/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; N-Methylaspartate/metabolism ; Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology ; Thirst ; Water/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L) ; Serine (452VLY9402) ; N-Methylaspartate (6384-92-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1071731-6
    ISSN 1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
    ISSN (online) 1879-0445
    ISSN 0960-9822
    DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Magnesium efflux from Drosophila Kenyon cells is critical for normal and diet-enhanced long-term memory.

    Wu, Yanying / Funato, Yosuke / Meschi, Eleonora / Jovanoski, Kristijan D / Miki, Hiroaki / Waddell, Scott

    eLife

    2020  Volume 9

    Abstract: Dietary magnesium ( ... ...

    Abstract Dietary magnesium (Mg
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Memory/physiology ; Mushroom Bodies/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Signal Transduction/physiology
    Chemical Substances Drosophila Proteins ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.61339
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: A new dataset on educational inequality

    Meschi, Elena / Scervini, Francesco

    Empirical economics : a journal of the Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria Vol. 47, No. 2 , p. 695-716

    2014  Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 695–716

    Author's details Elena Meschi; Francesco Scervini
    Keywords New dataset ; Educational attainment ; Educational inequality ; Dispersion indices ; Cross-country ; Cohorts
    Language English
    Size graph. Darst.
    Publisher Springer
    Publishing place Berlin ; Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 519394-1 ; 1462176-9
    ISSN 1435-8921 ; 0377-7332
    ISSN (online) 1435-8921
    ISSN 0377-7332
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  9. Article: Expansion of schooling and educational inequality in Europe

    Meschi, Elena / Scervini, Francesco

    Oxford economic papers Vol. 66, No. 3 , p. 660-680

    the educational Kuznets curve revisited

    2014  Volume 66, Issue 3, Page(s) 660–680

    Author's details by Elena Meschi and Francesco Scervini
    Keywords Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Bildungschancen ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Kuznets-Kurve ; Gini-Koeffizient ; Europa
    Language English
    Size graph. Darst.
    Publisher Oxford Univ. Press
    Publishing place Oxford
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 207599-4 ; 1467515-8
    ISSN 1464-3812 ; 0030-7653
    ISSN (online) 1464-3812
    ISSN 0030-7653
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  10. Book ; Article ; Online: Impact of Early Childcare on Immigrant Children’s Educational Performance

    Corazzini, Luca / Meschi, Elena / Pavese, Caterina

    2019  

    Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of attending early childcare on second generation immigrant children's cognitive outcomes. Our analysis draws on administrative data on the entire population of students in fifth grade collected by the Italian Institute ...

    Abstract This paper investigates the impact of attending early childcare on second generation immigrant children's cognitive outcomes. Our analysis draws on administrative data on the entire population of students in fifth grade collected by the Italian Institute for the Evaluation of the Educational System (INVALSI) for school years 2014/2015 to 2016/2017 matched to unique administrative records on the early childcare public available slots at the municipal level. Our identification strategy exploits cross-sectional and time series variation in the provision of early childcare service across Italian municipalities as an instrument for individual early childcare attendance. Our results point out that the effect of early childcare attendance differs between native and immigrant children. Although we find no effects for Italian children, our estimates show a positive and significant effect on literacy test scores for immigrant children of low educated mothers, which suggests that early childcare may be particularly relevant for immigrant children from a disadvantaged background.
    Keywords ddc:330 ; J13 ; J15 ; H75 ; I20 ; I28 ; Childcare ; Cognitive skills ; Immigrant children ; IV
    Subject code 331
    Language English
    Publisher Essen: Global Labor Organization (GLO)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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