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  1. Article ; Online: Neural Network Analysis to Evaluate Ozone Damage to Vegetation Under Different Climatic Conditions

    Flavia Savi / Eiko Nemitz / Mhairi Coyle / Matt Aitkenhead / Kfa Frumau / Giacomo Gerosa / Angelo Finco / Carten Gruening / Ignacio Goded / Benjamin Loubet / Patrick Stella / Taaina Ruuskanen / T. Weidinger / L. Horvath / Terenzio Zenone / Silvano Fares

    Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol

    2020  Volume 3

    Abstract: Tropospheric ozone (O3) is probably the air pollutant most damaging to vegetation. Understanding how plants respond to O3 pollution under different climate conditions is of central importance for predicting the interactions between climate change, ozone ... ...

    Abstract Tropospheric ozone (O3) is probably the air pollutant most damaging to vegetation. Understanding how plants respond to O3 pollution under different climate conditions is of central importance for predicting the interactions between climate change, ozone impact and vegetation. This work analyses the effect of O3 fluxes on net ecosystem productivity (NEP), measured directly at the ecosystem level with the eddy covariance (EC) technique. The relationship was explored with artificial neural networks (ANNs), which were used to model NEP using environmental and phenological variables as inputs in addition to stomatal O3 uptake in Spring and Summer, when O3 pollution is expected to be highest. A sensitivity analysis allowed us to isolate the effect of O3, visualize the shape of the O3-NEP functional relationship and explore how climatic variables affect NEP response to O3. This approach has been applied to eleven ecosystems covering a range of climatic areas. The analysis highlighted that O3 effects over NEP are highly non-linear and site-specific. A significant but small NEP reduction was found during Spring in a Scottish shrubland (−0.67%), in two Italian forests (up to −1.37%) and during Summer in a Californian orange orchard (−1.25%). Although the overall seasonal effect of O3 on NEP was not found to be negative for the other sites, with episodic O3 detrimental effect still identified. These episodes were correlated with meteorological variables showing that O3 damage depends on weather conditions. By identifying O3 damage under field conditions and the environmental factors influencing to that damage, this work provides an insight into O3 pollution, climate and weather conditions.
    Keywords net ecosystem exchange ; european forest ; stomatal deposition ; tropospheric ozone ; artificial neural networks ; climate change ; Forestry ; SD1-669.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: A Site-Specific Analysis of the Implications of a Changing Ozone Profile and Climate for Stomatal Ozone Fluxes in Europe

    Hayes, Felicity / Giacomo Gerosa / Gina Mills / Ignacio González-Fernández / Ludger Grünhage / Mhairi Coyle / Per Erik Karlsson / Riccardo Marzuoli / Rocio Alonso

    Water, air, and soil pollution. 2019 Jan., v. 230, no. 1

    2019  

    Abstract: In this study, we used eight sites from across Europe to investigate the implications of a future climate (2 °C warmer and 20% drier) and a changing ozone profile (increased background concentrations and reduced peaks) on stomatal ozone fluxes of three ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we used eight sites from across Europe to investigate the implications of a future climate (2 °C warmer and 20% drier) and a changing ozone profile (increased background concentrations and reduced peaks) on stomatal ozone fluxes of three widely occurring plant species. A changing ozone profile with small increases in background ozone concentrations over the course of a growing season could have significant impacts on the annual accumulated stomatal ozone uptake, even if peak concentrations of ozone are reduced. Predicted increases in stomatal ozone uptake showed a strong relationship with latitude and were larger at sites from northern and mid-Europe than those from southern Europe. At the sites from central and northern regions of Europe, including the UK and Sweden, climatic conditions were highly conducive to stomatal ozone uptake by vegetation during the summer months and therefore an increase in daily mean ozone concentration of 3–16% during this time of year (from increased background concentrations, reduced peaks) would have a large impact on stomatal ozone uptake. In contrast, during spring and autumn, the climatic conditions can limit ozone uptake for many species. Although small increases in ozone concentration during these seasons could cause a modest increase in ozone uptake, for those species that are active at low temperatures, a 2 °C increase in temperature would increase stomatal ozone uptake even in the absence of further increases in ozone concentration. Predicted changes in climate could alter ozone uptake even with no change in ozone profile. For some southern regions of Europe, where temperatures are close to or above optimum for stomatal opening, an increase in temperature of 2 °C could limit stomatal ozone uptake by enhancing stomatal closure during the summer months, whereas during the spring, when many plants are actively growing, a small increase in temperature would increase stomatal ozone uptake.
    Keywords autumn ; climatic factors ; growing season ; latitude ; ozone ; spring ; stomatal movement ; summer ; temperature ; vegetation ; Southern European region ; Sweden ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-01
    Size p. 4.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 120499-3
    ISSN 1573-2932 ; 0049-6979 ; 0043-1168
    ISSN (online) 1573-2932
    ISSN 0049-6979 ; 0043-1168
    DOI 10.1007/s11270-018-4057-x
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Regional and hemispheric influences on measured spring peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) mixing ratios at the Auchencorth UK EMEP supersite

    Malley, Christopher S / Christine F. Braban / J. Neil Cape / Marsailidh M. Twigg / Mathew R. Heal / Matthew R. Jones / Mhairi Coyle / Sarah R. Leeson

    Atmospheric research. 2016 June 15, v. 174-175

    2016  

    Abstract: This work presents 15-min averaged measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) obtained during spring 2014 (24/04/2014 – 06/05/2014) at the Auchencorth UK EMEP supersite (southeast Scotland). The aim of this analysis was to investigate the conditions ... ...

    Abstract This work presents 15-min averaged measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) obtained during spring 2014 (24/04/2014 – 06/05/2014) at the Auchencorth UK EMEP supersite (southeast Scotland). The aim of this analysis was to investigate the conditions producing the distribution of PAN mixing ratios at the supersite in spring 2014. Air mass back trajectories showed the majority of air masses to have spent substantial time over the UK, continental Europe or Scandinavia prior to arrival at Auchencorth. The median and 95th percentile PAN mixing ratios observed were 0.46ppb and 1.03ppb, respectively. The median mixing ratio was elevated compared with previous PAN measurements during springtime (April–May) in southeast Scotland (corresponding median mixing ratios April–May 1994–1998: 0.1–0.3ppb), which is hypothesised to be due to conditions conducive to regional (European) photochemical PAN production. Additionally, PAN mixing ratios during regionally influenced conditions (0.4–1.5ppb) were substantially more elevated from hemispheric background mixing ratios (0.4–0.6ppb) than for ozone (O3, regional: 10–45ppb, hemispheric: 30–40ppb). PAN and O3 both impact upon vegetation and human health and it is necessary to understand the extent to which hemispheric and regional processes contribute to their abundances in different locations. Regional processes can both increase and decrease PAN and O3 mixing ratios compared to imported hemispheric background mixing ratios. This study concludes that during the measurement period in spring 2014 at the Auchencorth supersite, regional PAN and O3 modifying processes enhanced PAN mixing ratios more than for O3.
    Keywords air ; human health ; mixing ; nitrates ; ozone ; photochemistry ; spring ; vegetation ; Scandinavia ; Scotland
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-0615
    Size p. 135-141.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0169-8095
    DOI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.02.013
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Evaluation of rural land-use plans in protected area bio-networks in northeastern Tanzania

    Mhairi Coyle / Eiko Nemitz / Robert Storeton-West / David Fowler / J. Neil Cape
    Document type Article
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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  5. Article: Comparison of Measurements of Ozone Dry Deposition to Crops and Grassland with the Dry Deposition Model Results

    Mhairi Coyle / David Fowler / Ken Hargreaves / Eiko Nemitz / Robert Storeton-West
    Document type Article
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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  6. Article: Towards Bayesian uncertainty quantification for forestry models used in the UK GHG inventory for LULUCF

    Mhairi Coyle / David Fowler / Ken Hargreaves / Eiko Nemitz / Robert Storeton-West
    Document type Article
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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  7. Article: Impacts of Ozone Pollution on Food Security in the UK: a Case Study for Two Contrasting Years, 2006 and 2008

    Gina Mills / Felicity Hayes / David Norris / Jane Hall / Mhairi Coyle / Howard Cambridge / Steve Cinderby / John Abott / Sally Cooke / Tim Murrells
    Document type Article
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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