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Book ; Online: Reducing Causality to Functions with Structural Models

Miao, Tianyi

2023

Abstract: The precise definition of causality is currently an open problem in philosophy and statistics. We believe causality should be defined as functions (in mathematics) that map causes to effects. We propose a reductive definition of causality based on ... ...

Abstract	The precise definition of causality is currently an open problem in philosophy and statistics. We believe causality should be defined as functions (in mathematics) that map causes to effects. We propose a reductive definition of causality based on Structural Functional Model (SFM). Using delta compression and contrastive forward inference, SFM can produce causal utterances like "X causes Y" and "X is the cause of Y" that match our intuitions. We compile a dataset of causal scenarios and use SFM in all of them. SFM is compatible with but not reducible to probability theory. We also compare SFM with other theories of causation and apply SFM to downstream problems like free will, causal explanation, and mental causation. Comment: 47 pages, submitted to The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
Keywords	Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Publishing date	2023-07-10
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Photoionization of the Propargyl Radical Using the

Chen, Aimin / Miao, Tongjun

The journal of physical chemistry. A

2024 Volume 128, Issue 7, Page(s) 1226–1232

Abstract: The absolute photoionization cross section of the propargyl radical measured by Savee et al. [ ...

Abstract	The absolute photoionization cross section of the propargyl radical measured by Savee et al. [
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1520-5215
ISSN (online)	1520-5215
DOI	10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07259
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Moderating Effects of Social Responsibility Climate and Safety Climate in Keeping Healthcare Workers' Engagement during COVID-19.

Ding, Bin / Miao, Tianyi

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 11, Issue 8

Abstract: Objective: The outbreak of COVID-19 brings an overload of physical and mental demands to healthcare professionals. Keeping healthcare professionals sustainable, engaged, and performing at their highest levels becomes critical and nonetheless difficult. ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The outbreak of COVID-19 brings an overload of physical and mental demands to healthcare professionals. Keeping healthcare professionals sustainable, engaged, and performing at their highest levels becomes critical and nonetheless difficult. The objective of this research is to link the literature on organizational climates, corporate social responsibility, safety science, and work engagement, and propose a research framework that investigates the factors influencing healthcare professionals' engagement during COVID-19. Methodology: We propose that when healthcare workers' career callings are triggered by COVID-19, it influences their perceptions of the work's meaningfulness, which ultimately enhances their work engagement. We argue that creating a social responsibility climate and a safety climate inside the hospital facilitates the process of turning healthcare workers' perceived work meaningfulness into work engagement. We collected data from 112 healthcare professionals, including nurses, doctors, and executive staff, from 16 wards in a public hospital in China to test our hypotheses. Results: Hierarchical linear regression analysis provided empirical support for our research model. We find that healthcare professionals' career callings during COVID-19 enhanced their perceived work meaningfulness, which results in increased work engagement. Moreover, a social responsibility climate and a safety climate strengthens the link between work meaningfulness and work engagement among participants. Conclusions: Creating a social responsibility climate and a safety climate in the workplace are effective management approaches to realize healthcare workers' feelings of work meaningfulness and turn them into work engagement.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare11081077
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Identification of Acetylation Sites of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) by Mass Spectrometry and FASN Activity Assay.

Miao, Ting / Bai, Hua

Bio-protocol

2023 Volume 13, Issue 21, Page(s) e4873

Abstract: Lysine acetylation is a conserved post-translational modification and a key regulatory mechanism for various cellular processes, including metabolic control, epigenetic regulation, and cellular signaling transduction. Recent advances in mass spectrometry ...

Abstract	Lysine acetylation is a conserved post-translational modification and a key regulatory mechanism for various cellular processes, including metabolic control, epigenetic regulation, and cellular signaling transduction. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) enable the extensive identification of acetylated lysine residues of histone and non-histone proteins. However, protein enrichment before MS analysis may be necessary to improve the detection of low-abundant proteins or proteins that exhibit low acetylation levels. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), an essential enzyme catalyzing the de novo synthesis of fatty acids, has been found to be acetylated in various species, from fruit flies to humans. Here, we describe a step-by-step process of antibody-based protein enrichment and sample preparation for acetylation identification of endogenous FASN protein by MS-based proteomics analysis. Meanwhile, we provide a protocol for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) absorbance assay for FASN activity measurement, which is one of the primary functional readouts of de novo lipogenesis. Key features • A comprehensive protocol for protein immunoprecipitation and sample preparation for acetylation site identification by mass spectrometry. • Step-by-step procedures for measurement of FASN activity of fruit fly larvae using an absorbance assay.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2833269-6
ISSN	2331-8325 ; 2331-8325
ISSN (online)	2331-8325
ISSN	2331-8325
DOI	10.21769/BioProtoc.4873
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure Characteristics of Porous NiTi Alloy Fabricated via Elemental Powder Sintering.

Miao, Tianhu / Zhan, Sha / Chen, Xiaojuan / Hu, Li

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 17, Issue 3

Abstract: To investigate the effect of the sintering temperature on the microstructure characteristics of porous NiTi alloys, two types of porous NiTi alloys with equal atomic ratios were fabricated via elemental powder sintering at 950 °C and 1000 °C. Afterwards, ...

Abstract	To investigate the effect of the sintering temperature on the microstructure characteristics of porous NiTi alloys, two types of porous NiTi alloys with equal atomic ratios were fabricated via elemental powder sintering at 950 °C and 1000 °C. Afterwards, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were collectively applied to investigate the pore characteristics and microstructure of the fabricated porous NiTi alloy. The results show that when the sintering temperature increases from 950 °C to 1000 °C, the average pore size increases from 36.00 μm to 181.65 μm, owing to the integration of these newly formed small pores into these pre-existing large-sized pores. The measured density increases from 2.556 g/cm
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma17030743
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Clinician's Approach to Advanced Statistical Methods: Win Ratios, Restricted Mean Survival Time, Responder Analyses, and Standardized Mean Differences.

Lane, Melissa / Miao, Tyson / Turgeon, Ricky D

Journal of general internal medicine

2024

Abstract: Novel statistical methods have emerged in recent medical literature, which clinicians must understand to properly appraise and integrate evidence into their practice. Some of these key concepts include win ratios, restricted mean survival time, responder ...

Abstract	Novel statistical methods have emerged in recent medical literature, which clinicians must understand to properly appraise and integrate evidence into their practice. Some of these key concepts include win ratios, restricted mean survival time, responder analyses, and standardized mean difference. This article offers guidance to busy clinicians on the comprehension and practical applicability of the results to patients. Win ratios provide an alternative method to analyze composite outcomes by prioritizing individual components of the composite; prioritization of the outcomes should be evidence-based, pre-specified, and patient-centered. Restricted mean survival time presents a method to analyze Kaplan-Meier curves when assumptions required for Cox proportional hazards analysis are not met. As it only considers outcomes that occur within a specific timeframe, the duration of follow-up must be appropriately defined and based on prior epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence. Researchers can analyze continuous outcomes with responder analyses, in which participants are dichotomized into "responders" or "non-responders." While clinicians and patients may more easily grasp outcomes analyzed in this way, they should be aware of the loss of information and resulting imprecision, as well as potential to manipulate data presentation. When meta-analyzing continuous outcomes, point estimates can be converted to standardized mean differences to facilitate the combination of data utilizing various outcome measures. However, clinicians may find it challenging to grasp the clinical meaningfulness of a standardized mean difference, and may benefit from converting it to well-known outcomes. By providing the background knowledge of these statistical methods, along with practical applicability, benefits, and inevitable limitations, this article aims to provide clinicians with an approach to appraise the literature and apply the results in clinical practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639008-0
ISSN	1525-1497 ; 0884-8734
ISSN (online)	1525-1497
ISSN	0884-8734
DOI	10.1007/s11606-023-08582-w
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Article: [Hepatocellular carcinoma immune microenvironment].

Miao, T G / Nan, Y M

Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology

2022 Volume 30, Issue 9, Page(s) 923–930

Abstract: The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays crucial roles in the growth, progression, and therapeutic response of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) which is a prototypical inflammation-associated cancer. The efficacy of immunotherapy largely depends on ... ...

Abstract	The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays crucial roles in the growth, progression, and therapeutic response of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) which is a prototypical inflammation-associated cancer. The efficacy of immunotherapy largely depends on the TIME. Targeting the immune microenvironment is an attractive strategy for the treatment of HCC. This review provides the characteristics of immune microenvironment of HCC,therapeutic approaches based on immune microenvironment,and information on the immune microenvironment underlying the response or resistance of HCC to immunotherapies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Immunotherapy
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2022-10-27
Publishing country	China
Document type	Review ; English Abstract ; Journal Article
ISSN	1007-3418
ISSN	1007-3418
DOI	10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220703-00365
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Article: [Advances in targeted and immune therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma].

Nan, Y M / Miao, T G

Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology

2022 Volume 30, Issue 9, Page(s) 905–911

Abstract: Targeted and immunotherapy drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been rapidly developed. Atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab has been recommended as the first-line standard of care for unresectable or advanced HCC in several national and ...

Abstract	Targeted and immunotherapy drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been rapidly developed. Atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab has been recommended as the first-line standard of care for unresectable or advanced HCC in several national and international guidelines. The combination therapies with sindilizumab and bevacizumab biosimilar, apatinib and carrilizumab, dulvalizumab and tremelimumab are also recommended as first-line standard regimens for advanced HCC in the guideline of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology. Local therapy combined with targeted drugs (such as sorafenib and lenvatinib) or immune checkpoint inhibitors can significantly improve outcomes. Therefore, some progress has also been made in the study of single-agent or combination regimens as perioperative neoadjuvant therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Sorafenib/therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab/therapeutic use ; Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Sorafenib (9ZOQ3TZI87) ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Bevacizumab (2S9ZZM9Q9V) ; Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2022-10-21
Publishing country	China
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ISSN	1007-3418
ISSN	1007-3418
DOI	10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220624-00344
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Modelling the thermal microenvironment of footwear subjected to forced ventilation.

Miao, Te / Li, Yuguo

Ergonomics

2022 Volume 65, Issue 12, Page(s) 1722–1739

Abstract: In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of the thermal microenvironment in footwear that considers forced ventilation of the footwear cavity. The developed model was validated using a newly developed thermal foot-manikin system and the results ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of the thermal microenvironment in footwear that considers forced ventilation of the footwear cavity. The developed model was validated using a newly developed thermal foot-manikin system and the results show that the model effectively predicts the total dry thermal insulation of footwear under various dynamic conditions. The footwear cavity model is then integrated with a thermoregulation model, and the integrated model effectively predicts changes in foot skin temperature resulting from forced ventilation (0-90 L/min). At an air temperature of 26.4 °C and a foot thermal comfort temperature of 32.2 °C, the required minimum ventilation rate was found to be 5.4-24.6 L/min, which corresponds to a total static thermal insulation of footwear of 0.10-0.20
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Shoes ; Body Temperature Regulation/physiology ; Foot/physiology ; Skin Temperature ; Ventilation
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1920-3
ISSN	1366-5847 ; 0014-0139
ISSN (online)	1366-5847
ISSN	0014-0139
DOI	10.1080/00140139.2022.2053211
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Thesis ; Online: Cherenkov Imaging in Linac Quality Assurance and Total Skin Electron Therapy Dose Studies

Miao, Tianshun

2020

Abstract: Radiation therapy is widely used for treating cancer, and the linear accelerator (Linac) is the main tool to delivery this. Linac quality assurance (QA), treatment planning, and dosimetry are important tasks that are done to make sure that the radiation ... ...

Abstract	Radiation therapy is widely used for treating cancer, and the linear accelerator (Linac) is the main tool to delivery this. Linac quality assurance (QA), treatment planning, and dosimetry are important tasks that are done to make sure that the radiation doses delivered to patients are appropriate and safe. This thesis covers the development of novel Cherenkov imaging methods for Linac QA, as well as for dosimetry verification in total skin electron therapy. Basic Linac radiation field QA checks must be completed to confirm that the field shape precisely matches expectations based on configuration. These field checks were efficiently performed using remote Cherenkov imaging on a flat board. The agreement between the dose, the light field projected by the Linac, and the Cherenkov imaging validated that this type of imaging could be a surrogate dosimetry tool. The major benefit of using Cherenkov was that it is a video rate imaging approach, so that arbitrary shapes and entire treatment plans can be imaged without entering the treatment room. Imaging Cherenkov light as a correlate of dose in total skin electron therapy (TSET) was examined for patients getting treatment following the Stanford technique, where 6 different patient positions are used during irradiation, with supplemental 3D measurement of the patient’s body. This dose distribution was projected onto the 3D body model of each position and recorded as a 2D surface texture map. The cumulative dose distribution was calculated by summing up the texture maps of all positions and displayed back on the body model. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the overall dose uniformity throughout the whole delivery. A comparison of treatments in the Stanford and rotary techniques was done to compare the dose uniformity, using an angle-dose relationship based upon Monte Carlo simulations of TSET dosimetry. A treatment plan type simulation predicted the relative dose distributions on the body surface. 3D visualization and statistical analysis of these distributions showed that there is better dose uniformity in the rotational technique. Imaging of a number of patients undergoing TSET at the University of Pennsylvania allowed for visual confirmation of the ability to image dose with Cherenkov imaging. The approach to visualization and display of Cherenkov with 3D modelling animation makes it more efficient to allow both TSET treatment planning and TSET dosimetry verification.
Keywords	Biomedical engineering\|Medical imaging
Subject code	616
Language	ENG
Publishing date	2020-01-01 00:00:01.0
Publisher	Dartmouth College
Publishing country	us
Document type	Thesis ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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