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Article ; Online: Attitudes That Might Impact upon Donation after Brain Death in Intensive Care Unit Settings

Areej Alshammari / Michael Brown

Healthcare, Vol 11, Iss 1857, p

A Systematic Review

2023 Volume 1857

Abstract: Background: Organ donation and transplantation can save or improve the quality of life of people worldwide. However, there are many challenges associated with organ donation, as the demand for organs greatly outstrips supply. Additionally, there are ... ...

Abstract	Background: Organ donation and transplantation can save or improve the quality of life of people worldwide. However, there are many challenges associated with organ donation, as the demand for organs greatly outstrips supply. Additionally, there are brain-dead patients who could be potential organ donors. It is thus important to determine the attitudes affecting organ donation and transplantation in intensive care unit settings. Aim: this study aimed to identify attitudes that might affect organ donation and transplantation in intensive care unit settings. Methodology: Five electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, and EMBASE) were searched systematically. A systematic search strategy was formulated. The quality of each study was assessed using the MMAT quality appraisal tool. Results: A total of seven studies were included. The findings of this systematic review demonstrate that education, policy, and continuing professional development could help to address barriers to donation. Conclusions: therefore, to influence organ donation and transplantation positively, the main themes evaluated in this systematic review provide an opportunity to influence organ donation and transplantation attitudes in intensive care unit settings.
Keywords	organ donation ; organ donor ; tissue and organ procurement ; brain death ; organ harvest (sic) ; brain dead ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Unique presentation of an intramuscular abscess caused by in the setting of a cat bite

Shaan Sadhwani / Derek DiAngelis / Michael Brown / Christopher Ferguson / Nathan Angerett

SAGE Open Medical Case Reports, Vol

A case report

2024 Volume 12

Abstract: Cat bites are a relatively common emergency department presentation. The most common species isolated from cat bite wounds is Pasteurella multocida . In this case report, we discuss a unique case of an intramuscular abscess caused by Bacteroides pyogenes ...

Abstract	Cat bites are a relatively common emergency department presentation. The most common species isolated from cat bite wounds is Pasteurella multocida . In this case report, we discuss a unique case of an intramuscular abscess caused by Bacteroides pyogenes . Antibiotic resistance in Bacteroides species is a growing concern and thus should be treated with caution. We present an 81-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with left calf pain that began 3 weeks prior to the emergency department presentation. She was initially seen by her primary care provider and was prescribed oral Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Amoxicillin/Clavulanate. Despite oral antibiotics, she began to have worsening swelling, erythema, and fevers. In the emergency department, the patient’s left calf was noticeably erythematous and tender to palpation. Lab work showed a C-reactive protein of 12.4 mg/dl, erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 38 mm/h, and white blood cell count of 15.1. Computed tomography imaging showed an irregularly shaped fluid collection at the junction of the calf musculature and upper aspect of the Achilles tendon. The decision was made to perform an operative incision and debridement on the evening of her presentation. On postoperative day 2, the wound cultures grew positive for both Pasturella multocida and Bacteroides pyogenes . She was subsequently discharged with oral Amoxicillin/Clavulanate 875 mg twice daily for 4 weeks. Further studies can be performed to identify the most efficient ways to isolate and treat this species. This case report emphasizes the importance of ordering both aerobic and anaerobic cultures and aiming antimicrobial therapy against both Pasteurella and anaerobic bacteria.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Registered Nurses’ Views and Experiences of Delivering Care in War and Conflict Areas

Abdullah Sadhaan / Michael Brown / Derek McLaughlin

Healthcare, Vol 10, Iss 2168, p

A Systematic Review

2022 Volume 2168

Abstract: Background: Several studies have been undertaken regarding civilian and military nurses’ training, deployment, and experiences during missions in war and conflict areas. However, no review study regarding the experiences of nurses in serving in war and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Several studies have been undertaken regarding civilian and military nurses’ training, deployment, and experiences during missions in war and conflict areas. However, no review study regarding the experiences of nurses in serving in war and conflict areas has been published. Aim: This review aims to identify the views, experiences, and support needs of Registered Nurses when caring for patients in war and conflict areas. Method: Four electronic databases—MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and general BC PubMed—were searched in this systematic review. Study screening and selection, data extraction, quality appraisal, and narrative synthesis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist. Results: Twenty-five studies were included in the final review. The findings were categorised based on four main themes: Challenges in nursing practice, Meaning of experience, Scope of practice, and Nursing support pre- and post-conflict. Conclusions: Registered Nurses play a critical role in prehospital care and have a significant impact on the survival of wounded military personnel and civilians and on their mortality. Registered Nurses play important roles in military deployment, with barriers to their successful implementation experienced due to a lack of information at the decision-making level, and the need for psychological supports and role-appropriate medical readiness training. Implications: Registered Nurses who are military-ready need to be effective in war and conflict areas. Using the experiences of military or civilian Registered Nurses to assess the pre-deployment preparation needs of these nurses will be beneficial to the effectiveness of the nursing workforce. There are elements that demand more attention during the pre-deployment preparation phase of nurses required to serve in war and conflict areas.
Keywords	experience ; military nursing ; nurse ; systematic review ; war and conflict area ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	950
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Putting prospection into practice

Jeremiah Michael Brown / Jeffrey Scott Stein

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

Methodological considerations in the use of episodic future thinking to reduce delay discounting and maladaptive health behaviors

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: In recent years, episodic future thinking (EFT) has emerged as a promising behavioral intervention to reduce delay discounting or maladaptive health behaviors; however, considerable methodological heterogeneity in methods for eliciting engagement in EFT ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, episodic future thinking (EFT) has emerged as a promising behavioral intervention to reduce delay discounting or maladaptive health behaviors; however, considerable methodological heterogeneity in methods for eliciting engagement in EFT has been observed in prior research. In this narrative review, we briefly describe methods for generating EFT cues, the content of EFT cues, common control conditions for experiments utilizing EFT, and considerations for cue delivery and implementation. Where possible, we make suggestions for current best practices in each category while identifying gaps in knowledge and potential areas of future research. Finally, we conclude by using the NIH Stage model to better frame the current state of the literature on EFT and propose gaps to be addressed if EFT is to be both an efficacious and effective behavioral intervention.
Keywords	episodic future thinking ; delay discounting ; health behavior change ; methods ; narrative review ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Experience of the Transition from a Student Nurse to a Registered Nurse of Kuwaiti Newly Graduated Registered Nurses

Fatmah Kreedi / Michael Brown / Lynne Marsh

Healthcare, Vol 10, Iss 10, p

A Qualitative Study

2022 Volume 1856

Abstract: Background: The experience of the transition from a student nurse to a registered nurse is a challenging period for newly graduated registered nurses. Aim: To explore newly graduated registered nurses’ experiences of transition from student to registered ...

Abstract	Background: The experience of the transition from a student nurse to a registered nurse is a challenging period for newly graduated registered nurses. Aim: To explore newly graduated registered nurses’ experiences of transition from student to registered nurse in clinical practice. Design: A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 Kuwaiti newly graduated registered nurses. Findings: The findings generated three themes: nursing support; education preparation; and psychological wellbeing. Discussion and conclusion: This study is the first in Kuwait aiming to understand Kuwaiti national newly graduated registered nurses’ transition experiences from student nurses to registered nurses in clinical practice. While the study revealed that newly graduated registered nurses received limited organisational support, the nursing policymakers in health care organisations and nursing education in Kuwait need to develop plans to improve newly graduated registered nurses’ knowledge, skills and confidence and align them with the roles and realities of actual nursing practice, to improve retention. There is a need to change the societal image of nursing in Kuwait by highlighting the importance of the nursing profession within the health care delivery. The study recommends further research on newly graduated registered nurses’ transition experiences into their new nursing roles to identify the factors behind their decision to stay or to leave, as this could offer possible solutions to address newly graduated registered nurses’ retention in the future.
Keywords	newly graduated registered nurses ; turnover ; job satisfaction ; support ; retention ; transition ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Experiences and Perceptions of Trans and Gender Non-Binary People Regarding Their Psychosocial Support Needs

Edward McCann / Gráinne Donohue / Michael Brown

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 3403, p

A Systematic Review of the Qualitative Research Evidence

2021 Volume 3403

Abstract: People who identify as trans and gender non-binary experience many challenges in their lives and more interest is being paid to their overall health and wellbeing. However, little is known about their experiences and perceptions regarding their distinct ... ...

Abstract	People who identify as trans and gender non-binary experience many challenges in their lives and more interest is being paid to their overall health and wellbeing. However, little is known about their experiences and perceptions regarding their distinct psychosocial needs. The aim of this systematic review is to critically evaluate and synthesize the existing research evidence relating to the unique psychological and social experiences of trans people and identify aspects that may help or hinder access to appropriate psychosocial interventions and supports. The PRISMA procedure was utilized. A search of relevant databases from January 2010 to January 2021 was undertaken. Studies were identified that involved trans people, and addressed issues related to their psychosocial needs. The search yielded 954 papers in total. Following the application of rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 18 papers were considered suitable for the systematic review. Quality was assessed using the MMAT instrument. Following analysis, four themes were identified: (i) stigma, discrimination and marginalization (ii) trans affirmative experiences (iii) formal and informal supports, and (iv) healthcare access. The policy, education and practice development implications are highlighted and discussed. Future research opportunities have been identified that will add significantly to the body of evidence that may further the development of appropriate health interventions and supports to this population.
Keywords	transgender ; mental health ; psychosocial ; supports ; experiences ; qualitative evidence ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Views and Experiences of LGBTQ+ People in Prison Regarding Their Psychosocial Needs

Gráinne Donohue / Edward McCann / Michael Brown

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 9335, p

A Systematic Review of the Qualitative Research Evidence

2021 Volume 9335

Abstract: People who identify as LGBTQ+ and are in prison often experience many additional challenges. Once in prison, there is systemic discrimination against imprisoned LGBTQ+ people and a lack of understanding and concern regarding their care, treatment and ... ...

Abstract	People who identify as LGBTQ+ and are in prison often experience many additional challenges. Once in prison, there is systemic discrimination against imprisoned LGBTQ+ people and a lack of understanding and concern regarding their care, treatment and support needs. While there is growing interest in their protection and that of other vulnerable populations in prison settings, little is known about their views and experiences regarding their distinct psychosocial needs. The aim of this systematic review is to critically evaluate and synthesize the existing research evidence relating to the unique psychological and social experiences of LGBTQ+ people in prison and identify aspects that may help or hinder access to appropriate psychosocial interventions and supports. The PRISMA procedure was utilized. A search of relevant databases from January 2010 to March 2021 was undertaken. Studies were identified that involved LGBTQ+ people, and addressed their views and experiences regarding their psychosocial needs whilst in prison. The search yielded 858 papers in total. Following the application of rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 12 papers were considered suitable for the systematic review. Quality was assessed using the CASP instrument. Following analysis, three themes were identified: (i) interpersonal factors (ii) intrapersonal factors and (iii) institutional factors. The policy, education and practice development implications are highlighted and discussed. Future research opportunities have been identified that will add significantly to the body of evidence that may further the development of appropriate health interventions and supports specific to the LGBTQ+ population in prison.
Keywords	prisons ; LGBTQ ; mental health ; psychosocial ; supports ; experiences ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial agents for the treatment of enteric fever chronic carriage

Naina McCann / Peter Scott / Christopher M Parry / Michael Brown

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 7, p e

A systematic review.

2022 Volume 0272043

Abstract: Background Chronic carriage of S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi is an important source of enteric fever transmission. Existing guidance and treatment options for this condition are limited. This systematic review aims to assess the evidence concerning the ... ...

Abstract	Background Chronic carriage of S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi is an important source of enteric fever transmission. Existing guidance and treatment options for this condition are limited. This systematic review aims to assess the evidence concerning the efficacy of different antimicrobials in treating enteric fever chronic carriage. Methods We searched major bibliographic databases using relevant keywords between 1946 and September 2021. We included all interventional studies that included patients with confirmed enteric fever chronic carriage and deployed an antimicrobial that remains in clinical practice today. Case reports and case series of under 10 patients were excluded. Two reviewers screened abstracts, selected articles for final inclusion and quality-assessed the included studies for risk of bias. Extracted data was analysed, with pooling of data and eradication rates for each antimicrobial calculated. As only one randomised controlled trial was identified, no meta-analysis was performed. Results Of the 593 papers identified by the initial search, a total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Evidence was identified for the use of fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin/ampicillin in the treatment for enteric fever chronic carriage. Fluoroquinolones were superior to amoxicillin/ampicillin with 92% of patients achieving eradication after one antimicrobial course compared to 68% (p = 0.02). The quality of included studies was poor, and all were carried out before 1990. Conclusion This review identified fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin/ampicillin as treatment options for enteric fever chronic carriage, with fluoroquinolones the more effective option. However, this evidence pre-dates rises in antimicrobial resistance in enteric fever and therefore the significance of these findings to today's practice is unclear. Further research is needed to investigate whether these antimicrobials remain appropriate treatment options or whether alternative interventions are more ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modes of Action of Probiotics

Michael Brown

Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, Vol 10, Iss 14, Pp 1895-

Recent Developments

2011 Volume 1900

Abstract: Advances in probiotic research have finally confirmed the health benefits of some bacterial strains. Now, the knowledge of probiotics has entered a new and fascinating phase of research and progression in this field is likely to offer novel and useful ... ...

Abstract	Advances in probiotic research have finally confirmed the health benefits of some bacterial strains. Now, the knowledge of probiotics has entered a new and fascinating phase of research and progression in this field is likely to offer novel and useful means which put emphasis to understand the mechanisms through which the probiotics act. Understanding probiotic action may permit to utilize the right strain to protect, treat or prevent specific disorder. Several mechanisms have been proposed through which probiotics exert beneficial effects on the host. In the following review of literature, the recent knowledge regarding modes of action of probiotics is briefly discussed.
Keywords	Mechanisms ; probiotics ; recent advances ; protect ; disorder ; bacterial stains ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Agriculture ; S ; DOAJ:Animal Sciences ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Medwell Online
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pandemic-Induced Reductions on Swim Training Volume and Performance in Collegiate Swimmers

Gloria Martinez Perez / Matthew VanSumeren / Michael Brown / Tamara Hew-Butler

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 164, p

2022 Volume 164

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant training disruptions during the 2020–2021 season, due to lockdowns, quarantines, and strict adherence to the pandemic protocols. The main purpose of this study was to determine how the pandemic training ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant training disruptions during the 2020–2021 season, due to lockdowns, quarantines, and strict adherence to the pandemic protocols. The main purpose of this study was to determine how the pandemic training restrictions affected training volume and performance in one collegiate swim team. Cumulative training volume data across a 28-week season were compared between a pandemic (2020–2021) versus non-pandemic (2019–2020) season. The swimmers were categorized into three groups (sprinters, mid-distance, and long-distance) based on their training group. The performance times of 25 swimmers who competed in the regional championships, during both the non-pandemic and pandemic year, were compared via one-way ANOVA. Twenty-six male and 22 female swimmers commenced the 2020–2021 (pandemic) season, with 23% of the swimmers voluntarily opting out. Three COVID-19 cases were confirmed (2%) by the medical staff, with no long-term effects. Significant reductions in the average swim volume were verified in sprinters (32,867 ± 10,135 vs. 14,800 ± 7995 yards; p < 0.001), mid-distance (26,457 ± 10,692 vs. 17,054 ± 9.923 yards; p < 0.001), and long-distance (37,600 ± 14,430 vs. 22,254 ± 14,418 yards; p < 0.001) swimmers (non-pandemic vs. pandemic season, respectively). In the regional performance analyses, the sprinters swam faster ( n = 8; −0.5 ± 0.6 s), while the mid-distance ( n = 10; 0.17 ± 2.1 s) and long-distance ( n = 7; 6.0 ± 4.9 s) swimmers swam slower (F = 11.76; p = 0.0003; r 2 = 0.52). Thus, the pandemic caused significant reductions in swim training volume, with sprinters performing better and long-distance swimmers performing worse at the regional championships.
Keywords	swimming ; COVID-19 ; swim performance ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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