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  1. AU="Michelle Leemans"
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  1. Article ; Online: Unraveling the potential of breath and sweat VOC capture devices for human disease detection

    Laetitia Maidodou / Igor Clarot / Michelle Leemans / Isabelle Fromantin / Eric Marchioni / Damien Steyer

    Frontiers in Chemistry, Vol

    a systematic-like review of canine olfaction and GC-MS analysis

    2023  Volume 11

    Abstract: The development of disease screening methods using biomedical detection dogs relies on the collection and analysis of body odors, particularly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in body fluids. To capture and analyze odors produced by the human ... ...

    Abstract The development of disease screening methods using biomedical detection dogs relies on the collection and analysis of body odors, particularly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in body fluids. To capture and analyze odors produced by the human body, numerous protocols and materials are used in forensics or medical studies. This paper provides an overview of sampling devices used to collect VOCs from sweat and exhaled air, for medical diagnostic purposes using canine olfaction and/or Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Canine olfaction and GC-MS are regarded as complementary tools, holding immense promise for detecting cancers and infectious diseases. However, existing literature lacks guidelines for selecting materials suitable for both canine olfaction and GC-MS. Hence, this review aims to address this gap and pave the way for efficient body odor sampling materials. The first section of the paper describes the materials utilized in training sniffing dogs, while the second section delves into the details of sampling devices and extraction techniques employed for exhaled air and sweat analysis using GC-MS. Finally, the paper proposes the development of an ideal sampling device tailored for detection purposes in the field of odorology. By bridging the knowledge gap, this study seeks to advance disease detection methodologies, harnessing the unique abilities of both dogs and GC-MS analysis in biomedical research.
    Keywords breath ; sweat ; VOC ; canine olfaction ; sampling devices ; gas chromatography ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 621
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Volatile Organic Compounds Analysis as a Potential Novel Screening Tool for Breast Cancer

    Michelle Leemans / Pierre Bauër / Vincent Cuzuel / Etienne Audureau / Isabelle Fromantin

    Biomarker Insights, Vol

    A Systematic Review

    2022  Volume 17

    Abstract: Introduction: An early diagnosis is crucial in reducing mortality among people who have breast cancer (BC). There is a shortfall of characteristic early clinical symptoms in BC patients, highlighting the importance of investigating new methods for its ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: An early diagnosis is crucial in reducing mortality among people who have breast cancer (BC). There is a shortfall of characteristic early clinical symptoms in BC patients, highlighting the importance of investigating new methods for its early detection. A promising novel approach is the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced and emitted through the metabolism of cancer cells. Methods: The purpose of this systematic review is to outline the published research regarding BC-associated VOCs. For this, headspace analysis of VOCs was explored in patient-derived body fluids, animal model-derived fluids, and BC cell lines to identify BC-specific VOCs. A systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Thirty-two studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Results highlight that VOC analysis can be promising as a potential novel screening tool. However, results of in vivo , in vitro and case-control studies have delivered inconsistent results leading to a lack of inter-matrix consensus between different VOC sampling methods. Discussion: Discrepant VOC results among BC studies have been obtained, highly due to methodological discrepancies. Therefore, methodological issues leading to disparities have been reviewed and recommendations have been made on the standardisation of VOC collection and analysis methods for BC screening, thereby improving future VOC clinical validation studies.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: A Mixture of Chemicals Found in Human Amniotic Fluid Disrupts Brain Gene Expression and Behavior in Xenopus laevis

    Michelle Leemans / Petra Spirhanzlova / Stephan Couderq / Sébastien Le Mével / Alexis Grimaldi / Evelyne Duvernois-Berthet / Barbara Demeneix / Jean-Baptiste Fini

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 2588, p

    2023  Volume 2588

    Abstract: Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for normal brain development, influencing neural cell differentiation, migration, and synaptogenesis. Multiple endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in the environment, raising concern for their potential ... ...

    Abstract Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for normal brain development, influencing neural cell differentiation, migration, and synaptogenesis. Multiple endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in the environment, raising concern for their potential effects on TH signaling and the consequences on neurodevelopment and behavior. While most research on EDCs investigates the effects of individual chemicals, human health may be adversely affected by a mixture of chemicals. The potential consequences of EDC exposure on human health are far-reaching and include problems with immune function, reproductive health, and neurological development. We hypothesized that embryonic exposure to a mixture of chemicals (containing phenols, phthalates, pesticides, heavy metals, and perfluorinated, polychlorinated, and polybrominated compounds) identified as commonly found in the human amniotic fluid could lead to altered brain development. We assessed its effect on TH signaling and neurodevelopment in an amphibian model ( Xenopus laevis ) highly sensitive to thyroid disruption. Fertilized eggs were exposed for eight days to either TH (thyroxine, T 4 10 nM) or the amniotic mixture (at the actual concentration) until reaching stage NF47, where we analyzed gene expression in the brains of exposed tadpoles using both RT-qPCR and RNA sequencing. The results indicate that whilst some overlap on TH-dependent genes exists, T 4 and the mixture have different gene signatures. Immunohistochemistry showed increased proliferation in the brains of T 4 -treated animals, whereas no difference was observed for the amniotic mixture. Further, we demonstrated diminished tadpoles’ motility in response to T 4 and mixture exposure. As the individual chemicals composing the mixture are considered safe, these results highlight the importance of examining the effects of mixtures to improve risk assessment.
    Keywords thyroid hormones ; endocrine disruption ; neurodevelopment ; Xenopus laevis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Reference gene identification and validation for quantitative real-time PCR studies in developing Xenopus laevis

    Bilal B. Mughal / Michelle Leemans / Petra Spirhanzlova / Barbara Demeneix / Jean-Baptiste Fini

    Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract Reference genes are essential for gene expression analysis when using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Xenopus laevis is a popular amphibian model for studying vertebrate embryogenesis and development. Further, X. laevis is ideal for ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Reference genes are essential for gene expression analysis when using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Xenopus laevis is a popular amphibian model for studying vertebrate embryogenesis and development. Further, X. laevis is ideal for studying thyroid signaling due to its thyroid dependent metamorphosis, a stage comparable to birth in humans. When using PCR based studies, a primary concern is the choice of reference genes. Commonly used references are eef1a1, odc1, rpl8, and actnB, although there is a lack of ad hoc reference genes for X. laevis. Here, we used previously published RNA-seq data on different X. laevis stages and identified the top 14 candidate genes with respect to their expression levels as a function of developmental stage and degree of variation. We further evaluated the stability of these and other candidate genes using RT-qPCR on various stages including the unfertilised eggs, whole embryos during early development and brains during late development. We used four different statistical software packages: deltaCT, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. We report optimized reference gene pair combinations for studying development (early whole embryos), brains at later stages (metamorphosis and adult), and thyroid signalling. These reference gene pairs are suitable for studying different aspects of X. laevis development and organogenesis.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Conserved role of the urotensin II receptor 4 signalling pathway to control body straightness in a tetrapod

    Faredin Alejevski / Michelle Leemans / Anne-Laure Gaillard / David Leistenschneider / Céline de Flori / Marion Bougerol / Sébastien Le Mével / Anthony Herrel / Jean-Baptiste Fini / Guillaume Pézeron / Hervé Tostivint

    Open Biology, Vol 11, Iss

    2021  Volume 8

    Abstract: Urp1 and Urp2 are two neuropeptides of the urotensin II family identified in teleost fish and mainly expressed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons. It has been recently proposed that Urp1 and Urp2 are required for correct axis formation and ... ...

    Abstract Urp1 and Urp2 are two neuropeptides of the urotensin II family identified in teleost fish and mainly expressed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons. It has been recently proposed that Urp1 and Urp2 are required for correct axis formation and maintenance. Their action is thought to be mediated by the receptor Uts2r3, which is specifically expressed in dorsal somites. In support of this view, it has been demonstrated that the loss of uts2r3 results in severe scoliosis in adult zebrafish. In the present study, we report for the first time the occurrence of urp2, but not of urp1, in two tetrapod species of the Xenopus genus. In X. laevis, we show that urp2 mRNA-containing cells are CSF-contacting neurons. Furthermore, we identified utr4, the X. laevis counterparts of zebrafish uts2r3, and we demonstrate that, as in zebrafish, it is expressed in the dorsal somatic musculature. Finally, we reveal that, in X. laevis, the disruption of utr4 results in an abnormal curvature of the antero-posterior axis of the tadpoles. Taken together, our results suggest that the role of the Utr4 signalling pathway in the control of body straightness is an ancestral feature of bony vertebrates and not just a peculiarity of ray-finned fishes.
    Keywords urotensin II ; Xenopus ; spinal cord ; cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons ; muscles ; scoliosis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher The Royal Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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