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Article ; Online: Resistance Exercise Counteracts the Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Muscle Characteristics in Cancer Patients.

Overkamp, Maarten / Houben, Lisanne H P / Aussieker, Thorben / van Kranenburg, Janneau M X / Pinckaers, Philippe J M / Mikkelsen, Ulla R / Beelen, Milou / Beijer, Sandra / van Loon, Luc J C / Snijders, Tim

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

2023 Volume 108, Issue 10, Page(s) e907–e915

Abstract: Context: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) forms the cornerstone in prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. However, ADT also lowers skeletal muscle mass.: Objective: To identify the impact of ADT with and without resistance exercise training on muscle ... ...

Abstract	Context: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) forms the cornerstone in prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. However, ADT also lowers skeletal muscle mass. Objective: To identify the impact of ADT with and without resistance exercise training on muscle fiber characteristics in PCa patients. Methods: Twenty-one PCa patients (72 ± 6 years) starting ADT were included. Tissue samples from the vastus lateralis muscle were assessed at baseline and after 20 weeks of usual care (n = 11) or resistance exercise training (n = 10). Type I and II muscle fiber distribution, fiber size, and myonuclear and capillary contents were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: Significant decreases in type I (from 7401 ± 1183 to 6489 ± 1293 μm2, P < .05) and type II (from 6225 ± 1503 to 5014 ± 714 μm2, P < .05) muscle fiber size were observed in the usual care group. In addition, type I and type II individual capillary-to-fiber ratio (C/Fi) declined (-12% ± 12% and -20% ± 21%, respectively, P < .05). In contrast, significant increases in type I (from 6700 ± 1464 to 7772 ± 1319 μm2, P < .05) and type II (from 5248 ± 892 to 6302 ± 1385 μm2, P < .05) muscle fiber size were observed in the training group, accompanied by an increase in type I and type II muscle fiber myonuclear contents (+24% ± 33% and +21% ± 23%, respectively, P < .05) and type I C/Fi (+18% ± 14%, P < .05). Conclusion: The onset of ADT is followed by a decline in both type I and type II muscle fiber size and capillarization in PCa patients. Resistance exercise training offsets the negative impact of ADT and increases type I and II muscle fiber size and type I muscle fiber capillarization in these patients.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Androgens ; Resistance Training ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Exercise Therapy
Chemical Substances	Androgen Antagonists ; Androgens
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3029-6
ISSN	1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
ISSN (online)	1945-7197
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	10.1210/clinem/dgad245
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Article ; Online: Dose-Response of Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis To Ingested Whey Protein During Energy Restriction in Overweight Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Larsen, Mads S / Witard, Oliver C / Holm, Lars / Scaife, Paula / Hansen, Rikke / Smith, Kenneth / Tipton, Kevin D / Mose, Maike / Bengtsen, Mads B / Lauritsen, Katrine M / Mikkelsen, Ulla R / Hansen, Mette

The Journal of nutrition

2023 Volume 153, Issue 11, Page(s) 3173–3184

Abstract: Background: Diet-induced weight loss is associated with a decline in lean body mass, as mediated by an impaired response of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The dose-response of MPS to ingested protein, with or without resistance exercise, is well ... ...

Abstract	Background: Diet-induced weight loss is associated with a decline in lean body mass, as mediated by an impaired response of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The dose-response of MPS to ingested protein, with or without resistance exercise, is well characterized during energy balance but limited data exist under conditions of energy restriction in clinical populations. Objective: To determine the dose-response of MPS to ingested whey protein following short-term diet-induced energy restriction in overweight, postmenopausal, women at rest and postexercise. Design: Forty middle-aged (58.6±0.4 y), overweight (BMI: 28.6±0.4), postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: Three groups underwent 5 d of energy restriction (∼800 kcal/d). On day 6, participants performed a unilateral leg resistance exercise bout before ingesting either a bolus of 15g (ERW15, n = 10), 35g (ERW35, n = 10) or 60g (ERW60, n = 10) of whey protein. The fourth group (n = 10) ingested a 35g whey protein bolus after 5 d of an energy balanced diet (EBW35, n = 10). Myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate (FSR) was calculated under basal, fed (FED) and postexercise (FED-EX) conditions by combining an L-[ring- Results: Myofibrillar FSR was greater in ERW35 (0.043±0.003%/h, P = 0.013) and ERW60 (0.042±0.003%/h, P = 0.026) than ERW15 (0.032 ± 0.003%/h), with no differences between ERW35 and ERW60 (P = 1.000). Myofibrillar FSR was greater in FED (0.044 ± 0.003%/h, P < 0.001) and FED-EX (0.048 ± 0.003%/h, P < 0.001) than BASAL (0.027 ± 0.003%/h), but no differences were detected between FED and FED-EX (P = 0.732) conditions. No differences in myofibrillar FSR were observed between EBW35 (0.042 ± 0.003%/h) and ERW35 (0.043 ± 0.003%/h, P = 0.744). Conclusion: A 35 g dose of whey protein, ingested with or without resistance exercise, is sufficient to stimulate a maximal acute response of MPS following short-term energy restriction in overweight, postmenopausal women, and thus may provide a per serving protein recommendation to mitigate muscle loss during a weight loss program. Trial registry: clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT03326284).
MeSH term(s)	Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Whey Proteins ; Overweight/metabolism ; Postmenopause ; Diet, Reducing ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Resistance Training
Chemical Substances	Whey Proteins ; Muscle Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.011
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Article ; Online: β-Lactoglobulin Elevates Insulin and Glucagon Concentrations Compared with Whey Protein-A Randomized Double-Blinded Crossover Trial in Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus.

Smedegaard, Stine B / Mose, Maike / Hulman, Adam / Mikkelsen, Ulla R / Møller, Niels / Wegener, Gregers / Jessen, Niels / Rittig, Nikolaj

Nutrients

2021 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: Whey protein is an insulinotropic fraction of dairy that reduces postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have recently shown that β-lactoglobulin (BLG), the largest protein fraction of whey, elevates insulin ... ...

Abstract	Whey protein is an insulinotropic fraction of dairy that reduces postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have recently shown that β-lactoglobulin (BLG), the largest protein fraction of whey, elevates insulin concentrations compared with iso-nitrogenous whey protein isolate (WPI) in healthy individuals. We therefore hypothesized that BLG pre-meals would lower glucose levels compared with WPI in patients with T2DM. We investigated 16 participants with T2DM using a randomized double-blinded cross-over design with two pre-meal interventions, (i) 25 g BLG and (ii) 25 g WPI prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), followed by four days of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) at home. BLG increased concentrations of insulin with 10%, glucagon with 20%, and glucose with 10% compared with WPI after the OGTT (all
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose/drug effects ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Cross-Over Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Glucagon/blood ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Lactoglobulins/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postprandial Period ; Whey Proteins
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Insulin ; Lactoglobulins ; Whey Proteins ; Glucagon (9007-92-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13020308
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Article ; Online: Presleep Protein Supplementation Does Not Improve Recovery During Consecutive Days of Intense Endurance Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Larsen, Mads S / Clausen, Dagmar / Jørgensen, Astrid Ank / Mikkelsen, Ulla R / Hansen, Mette

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

2019 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 426–434

Abstract: Recent studies demonstrate that protein ingestion immediately before sleep improves muscle recovery during the night following resistance exercise. Whether this feeding strategy benefits recovery from endurance training has yet to be established. The aim ...

Abstract	Recent studies demonstrate that protein ingestion immediately before sleep improves muscle recovery during the night following resistance exercise. Whether this feeding strategy benefits recovery from endurance training has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate ingested every night before sleep on subsequent performance and circulatory markers of muscular recovery during a week of intensified endurance training mimicking a training camp. In a parallel design, 32 trained runners underwent a 1-week intervention with a rigorously controlled diet (carbohydrate = 7.2 g·kg
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Athletic Performance ; Creatine Kinase/blood ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Dietary Supplements ; Double-Blind Method ; Endurance Training ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood ; Male ; Myoglobin/blood ; Running ; Sleep ; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Whey Proteins/administration & dosage ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Dietary Carbohydrates ; Myoglobin ; Whey Proteins ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) ; Creatine Kinase (EC 2.7.3.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1101115-4
ISSN	1543-2742 ; 1050-1606 ; 1526-484X
ISSN (online)	1543-2742
ISSN	1050-1606 ; 1526-484X
DOI	10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0286
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Article ; Online: Resistance Exercise Training Increases Muscle Mass and Strength in Prostate Cancer Patients on Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

Houben, Lisanne H P / Overkamp, Maarten / VAN Kraaij, Puck / Trommelen, Jorn / VAN Roermund, Joep G H / DE Vries, Peter / DE Laet, Kevin / VAN DER Meer, Saskia / Mikkelsen, Ulla R / Verdijk, Lex B / VAN Loon, Luc J C / Beijer, Sandra / Beelen, Milou

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2022 Volume 55, Issue 4, Page(s) 614–624

Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of 20 wk resistance exercise training with or without protein supplementation on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and aerobic capacity in prostate cancer patients ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of 20 wk resistance exercise training with or without protein supplementation on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and aerobic capacity in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods: Sixty prostate cancer patients receiving ADT were randomly assigned to perform 20 wk of resistance exercise training with supplementation of 31 g whey protein (EX + PRO, n = 30) or placebo (EX + PLA, n = 30), consumed immediately after exercise and every night before sleep. A separate control group (CON, n = 36) only received usual care. At baseline and after 20 wk, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), muscle mass (computed tomography scan), muscle strength (1-repetition maximum strength tests), physical performance (Timed Up and Go Test, 30-Second Chair Stand Test, and Stair Climb Test), aerobic capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise test), and habitual dietary intake (food diary) were assessed. Data were analyzed using a two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: Over time, muscle mass and strength increased in EX + PRO and EX + PLA and decreased in CON. Total fat mass and fat percentage increased in EX + PRO and CON, but not in EX + PLA. Physical performance did not significantly change over time in either group. Aerobic capacity was maintained in EX + PLA, but it decreased in EX + PRO and CON. Habitual protein intake (without supplements) averaged >1.0 g·kg body weight -1 ·d -1 , with no differences over time or between groups. Conclusions: In prostate cancer patients, resistance exercise training counteracts the adverse effects of ADT on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity, with no additional benefits of protein supplementation.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Prostatic Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Resistance Training ; Androgen Antagonists/adverse effects ; Androgens/pharmacology ; Androgens/therapeutic use ; Postural Balance ; Time and Motion Studies ; Dietary Supplements ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Body Composition ; Muscles ; Polyesters/pharmacology ; Exercise Therapy
Chemical Substances	Androgen Antagonists ; Androgens ; Polyesters
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000003095
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Article: Even effect of milk protein and carbohydrate intake but no further effect of heavy resistance exercise on myofibrillar protein synthesis in older men

Reitelseder, Søren / Agergaard, Jakob / Bechshoeft, Rasmus L / Dideriksen, Kasper / Holm, Lars / Malmgaard-Clausen, Nikolaj M / Mikkelsen, Ulla R / Petersen, Rasmus K / Serena, Anja

European journal of nutrition. 2019 Mar., v. 58, no. 2

2019

Abstract: PURPOSE: The responsiveness of older individuals’ skeletal muscle to anabolic strategies may be impaired. However, direct comparisons within the same experimental setting are sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the resting and post-resistance ... ...

Abstract	PURPOSE: The responsiveness of older individuals’ skeletal muscle to anabolic strategies may be impaired. However, direct comparisons within the same experimental setting are sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the resting and post-resistance exercise muscle protein synthesis rates in response to two types of milk protein and carbohydrate using a unilateral exercise leg model. METHODS: Twenty-seven older (69 ± 1 year, mean ± SE) men were randomly assigned one of three groups: Whey hydrolysate (WH), caseinate (CAS), or carbohydrate (CHO). By applying stable isotope tracer techniques (L-[15N]phenylalanine), the fasted-rested (basal) myofibrillar fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was measured. Hereafter, FSR was measured in the postprandial phase (0.45 g nutrient/kg LBM) in both legs, one rested (fed-rest) and one exercised (10 × 8 reps at 70% 1RM; fed-exercise). In addition, the activity of p70S6K and venous plasma insulin, phenylalanine, and leucine concentrations were measured. RESULTS: Insulin, phenylalanine, and leucine concentrations differed markedly after intake of the different study drinks. The basal FSR in WH, CAS, and CHO were 0.027 ± 0.003, 0.030 ± 0.003, and 0.030 ± 0.004%/h, the fed-rested FSR were 0.043 ± 0.004, 0.045 ± 0.003, and 0.035 ± 0.004%/h, and the fed-exercised FSR were 0.041 ± 0.004, 0.043 ± 0.004, and 0.034 ± 0.004%/h, respectively. No significant differences were observed at any state between the groups. Fed-rested- and fed-exercised FSR were higher than basal (P < 0.001). 3 h after exercise and feeding, no significant group differences were detected in the activity of p70S6K. CONCLUSIONS: Milk protein and carbohydrate supplementation stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis in older men, with no further effect of heavy resistance exercise within 0–3 h post exercise.
Keywords	beverages ; carbohydrate intake ; carbohydrates ; caseinates ; fractional synthesis rate ; hydrolysates ; insulin ; legs ; leucine ; men ; milk proteins ; models ; muscle protein ; nitrogen ; phenylalanine ; skeletal muscle ; stable isotopes ; strength training ; tracer techniques ; whey
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-03
Size	p. 583-595.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1466536-0
ISSN	1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
ISSN (online)	1436-6215
ISSN	1436-6207
DOI	10.1007/s00394-018-1641-1
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Article: Effects of protein intake prior to carbohydrate-restricted endurance exercise: a randomized crossover trial

Larsen, Mads S / Holm, Lars / Svart, Mads V / Hjelholt, Astrid J / Bengtsen, Mads B / Dollerup, Ole L / Dalgaard, Line B / Vendelbo, Mikkel H / van Hall, Gerrit / Møller, Niels / Mikkelsen, Ulla R / Hansen, Mette

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2020 Dec., v. 17, no. 1

2020

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Deliberately training with reduced carbohydrate availability, a paradigm coined training low, has shown to promote adaptations associated with improved aerobic capacity. In this context researchers have proposed that protein may be ingested ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Deliberately training with reduced carbohydrate availability, a paradigm coined training low, has shown to promote adaptations associated with improved aerobic capacity. In this context researchers have proposed that protein may be ingested prior to training as a means to enhance the protein balance during exercise without spoiling the effect of the low carbohydrate availability. Accordingly, this is being practiced by world class athletes. However, the effect of protein intake on muscle protein metabolism during training low has not been studied. This study aimed to examine if protein intake prior to exercise with reduced carbohydrate stores benefits muscle protein metabolism in exercising and non-exercising muscles. METHODS: Nine well-trained subjects completed two trials in random order both of which included a high-intensity interval ergometer bike ride (day 1), a morning (day 2) steady state ride (90 min at 65% VO₂peak, 90ss), and a 4-h recovery period. An experimental beverage was consumed before 90ss and contained either 0.5 g whey protein hydrolysate [WPH]/ kg lean body mass or flavored water [PLA]. A stable isotope infusion (L-[ring-¹³C₆]-phenylalanine) combined with arterial-venous blood sampling, and plasma flow rate measurements were used to determine forearm protein turnover. Myofibrillar protein synthesis was determined from stable isotope incorporation into the vastus lateralis. RESULTS: Forearm protein net balance was not different from zero during 90ss exercise (nmol/100 ml/min, PLA: 0.5 ± 2.6; WPH: 1.8, ± 3.3) but negative during the 4 h recovery (nmol/100 ml/min, PLA: − 9.7 ± 4.6; WPH: − 8.7 ± 6.5); no interaction (P = 0.5) or main effect of beverage (P = 0.11) was observed. Vastus lateralis myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were increased during 90ss exercise (+ 0.02 ± 0.02%/h) and recovery (+ 0.02 ± 0.02%/h); no interaction (P = 0.3) or main effect of beverage (P = 0.3) was observed. CONCLUSION: We conclude that protein ingestion prior to endurance exercise in the energy- and carbohydrate-restricted state does not increase myofibrillar protein synthesis or improve net protein balance in the exercising and non-exercising muscles, respectively, during and in the hours after exercise compared to ingestion of a non-caloric control. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01320449. Registered 10 May 2017 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03147001
Keywords	arms (limbs) ; athletes ; beverages ; blood plasma ; blood sampling ; carbohydrates ; cross-over studies ; energy ; exercise ; ingestion ; lean body mass ; muscle protein ; muscles ; protein hydrolysates ; protein intake ; protein synthesis ; sports nutrition ; stable isotopes ; whey protein
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 7.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2162810-5
ISSN	1550-2783
ISSN	1550-2783
DOI	10.1186/s12970-020-0338-z
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Article: Effects of protein intake prior to carbohydrate-restricted endurance exercise: a randomized crossover trial

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2020 Dec., v. 17, no. 1

2020

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Deliberately training with reduced carbohydrate availability, a paradigm coined training low, has shown to promote adaptations associated with improved aerobic capacity. In this context researchers have proposed that protein may be ingested prior to training as a means to enhance the protein balance during exercise without spoiling the effect of the low carbohydrate availability. Accordingly, this is being practiced by world class athletes. However, the effect of protein intake on muscle protein metabolism during training low has not been studied. This study aimed to examine if protein intake prior to exercise with reduced carbohydrate stores benefits muscle protein metabolism in exercising and non-exercising muscles. METHODS: Nine well-trained subjects completed two trials in random order both of which included a high-intensity interval ergometer bike ride (day 1), a morning (day 2) steady state ride (90 min at 65% VO₂peak, 90ss), and a 4-h recovery period. An experimental beverage was consumed before 90ss and contained either 0.5 g whey protein hydrolysate [WPH]/ kg lean body mass or flavored water [PLA]. A stable isotope infusion (L-[ring-¹³C₆]-phenylalanine) combined with arterial-venous blood sampling, and plasma flow rate measurements were used to determine forearm protein turnover. Myofibrillar protein synthesis was determined from stable isotope incorporation into the vastus lateralis. RESULTS: Forearm protein net balance was not different from zero during 90ss exercise (nmol/100 ml/min, PLA: 0.5 ± 2.6; WPH: 1.8, ± 3.3) but negative during the 4 h recovery (nmol/100 ml/min, PLA: − 9.7 ± 4.6; WPH: − 8.7 ± 6.5); no interaction (P = 0.5) or main effect of beverage (P = 0.11) was observed. Vastus lateralis myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were increased during 90ss exercise (+ 0.02 ± 0.02%/h) and recovery (+ 0.02 ± 0.02%/h); no interaction (P = 0.3) or main effect of beverage (P = 0.3) was observed. CONCLUSION: We conclude that protein ingestion prior to endurance exercise in the energy- and carbohydrate-restricted state does not increase myofibrillar protein synthesis or improve net protein balance in the exercising and non-exercising muscles, respectively, during and in the hours after exercise compared to ingestion of a non-caloric control. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01320449. Registered 10 May 2017 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03147001
Keywords	arms (limbs) ; beverages ; carbohydrates ; cross-over studies ; exercise ; ingestion ; lean body mass ; muscle protein ; protein hydrolysates ; protein intake ; protein synthesis ; stable isotopes ; whey protein
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 7.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2162810-5
ISSN	1550-2783
ISSN	1550-2783
DOI	10.1186/s12970-020-0338-z
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Article ; Online: Effects of protein intake prior to carbohydrate-restricted endurance exercise: a randomized crossover trial.

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

2020 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 7

Abstract: Background: Deliberately training with reduced carbohydrate availability, a paradigm coined training low, has shown to promote adaptations associated with improved aerobic capacity. In this context researchers have proposed that protein may be ingested ... ...

Abstract	Background: Deliberately training with reduced carbohydrate availability, a paradigm coined training low, has shown to promote adaptations associated with improved aerobic capacity. In this context researchers have proposed that protein may be ingested prior to training as a means to enhance the protein balance during exercise without spoiling the effect of the low carbohydrate availability. Accordingly, this is being practiced by world class athletes. However, the effect of protein intake on muscle protein metabolism during training low has not been studied. This study aimed to examine if protein intake prior to exercise with reduced carbohydrate stores benefits muscle protein metabolism in exercising and non-exercising muscles. Methods: Nine well-trained subjects completed two trials in random order both of which included a high-intensity interval ergometer bike ride (day 1), a morning (day 2) steady state ride (90 min at 65% VO Results: Forearm protein net balance was not different from zero during 90ss exercise (nmol/100 ml/min, PLA: 0.5 ± 2.6; WPH: 1.8, ± 3.3) but negative during the 4 h recovery (nmol/100 ml/min, PLA: - 9.7 ± 4.6; WPH: - 8.7 ± 6.5); no interaction (P = 0.5) or main effect of beverage (P = 0.11) was observed. Vastus lateralis myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were increased during 90ss exercise (+ 0.02 ± 0.02%/h) and recovery (+ 0.02 ± 0.02%/h); no interaction (P = 0.3) or main effect of beverage (P = 0.3) was observed. Conclusion: We conclude that protein ingestion prior to endurance exercise in the energy- and carbohydrate-restricted state does not increase myofibrillar protein synthesis or improve net protein balance in the exercising and non-exercising muscles, respectively, during and in the hours after exercise compared to ingestion of a non-caloric control. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01320449. Registered 10 May 2017 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03147001.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Bicycling ; Cross-Over Studies ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; High-Intensity Interval Training ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Physical Endurance ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Dietary Proteins ; Muscle Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2162810-5
ISSN	1550-2783 ; 1550-2783
ISSN (online)	1550-2783
ISSN	1550-2783
DOI	10.1186/s12970-020-0338-z
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Article ; Online: Effects of Prolonged Whey Protein Supplementation and Resistance Training on Biomarkers of Vitamin B12 Status: A 1-Year Randomized Intervention in Healthy Older Adults (the CALM Study).

Greibe, Eva / Reitelseder, Søren / Bechshøft, Rasmus L / Bülow, Jacob / Højfeldt, Grith W / Schacht, Simon R / Knudsen, Mads L / Tetens, Inge / Ostenfeld, Marie S / Mikkelsen, Ulla R / Heegaard, Christian W / Nexo, Ebba / Holm, Lars

Nutrients

2020 Volume 12, Issue 7

Abstract: We investigated the effect of long-term whey supplementation on biomarkers of B12 status in healthy older adults subjected to different schemes of supplements and exercise. The total study population examined at baseline consisted of 167 healthy older ... ...

Abstract	We investigated the effect of long-term whey supplementation on biomarkers of B12 status in healthy older adults subjected to different schemes of supplements and exercise. The total study population examined at baseline consisted of 167 healthy older adults (age ≥ 65 year) who were randomized to 1-y intervention with two daily supplements of (1) whey protein (3.1 µg B12/day) (WHEY-ALL), (2) collagen (1.3 µg B12/day) (COLL), or (3) maltodextrin (0.3 µg B12/day) (CARB). WHEY-ALL was comprised of three groups, who performed heavy resistance training (HRTW), light resistance training (LITW), or no training (WHEY). Dietary intake was assessed through 3-d dietary records. For the longitudinal part of the study, we included only the participants (
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers/blood ; Collagen/administration & dosage ; Denmark ; Diet Records ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Supplements ; Exercise ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Methylmalonic Acid/blood ; Nutritional Status ; Polysaccharides/administration & dosage ; Resistance Training/methods ; Transcobalamins/analysis ; Vitamin B 12/administration & dosage ; Vitamin B 12/blood ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/blood ; Whey Proteins/administration & dosage
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Polysaccharides ; Transcobalamins ; Whey Proteins ; maltodextrin (7CVR7L4A2D) ; Methylmalonic Acid (8LL8S712J7) ; Collagen (9007-34-5) ; Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12072015
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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