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  1. Article ; Online: Key.Net: Keypoint Detection by Handcrafted and Learned CNN Filters Revisited.

    Barroso-Laguna, Axel / Mikolajczyk, Krystian

    IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence

    2022  Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 698–711

    Abstract: We introduce a novel approach for keypoint detection that combines handcrafted and learned CNN filters within a shallow multi-scale architecture. Handcrafted filters provide anchor structures for learned filters, which localize, score, and rank ... ...

    Abstract We introduce a novel approach for keypoint detection that combines handcrafted and learned CNN filters within a shallow multi-scale architecture. Handcrafted filters provide anchor structures for learned filters, which localize, score, and rank repeatable features. Scale-space representation is used within the network to extract keypoints at different levels. We design a loss function to detect robust features that exist across a range of scales and to maximize the repeatability score. Our Key.Net model is trained on data synthetically created from ImageNet and evaluated on HPatches and other benchmarks. Results show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art detectors in terms of repeatability, matching performance, and complexity. Key.Net implementations in TensorFlow and PyTorch are available online.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1939-3539
    ISSN (online) 1939-3539
    DOI 10.1109/TPAMI.2022.3145820
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: DDOS

    Kolbeinsson, Benedikt / Mikolajczyk, Krystian

    The Drone Depth and Obstacle Segmentation Dataset

    2023  

    Abstract: Accurate depth and semantic segmentation are crucial for various computer vision tasks. However, the scarcity of annotated real-world aerial datasets poses a significant challenge for training and evaluating robust models. Additionally, the detection and ...

    Abstract Accurate depth and semantic segmentation are crucial for various computer vision tasks. However, the scarcity of annotated real-world aerial datasets poses a significant challenge for training and evaluating robust models. Additionally, the detection and segmentation of thin objects, such as wires, cables, and fences, present a critical concern for ensuring the safe operation of drones. To address these limitations, we present a novel synthetic dataset specifically designed for depth and semantic segmentation tasks in aerial views. Leveraging photo-realistic rendering techniques, our dataset provides a valuable resource for training models using a synthetic-supervision training scheme while introducing new drone-specific metrics for depth accuracy.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Book ; Online: Understanding the Role of the Projector in Knowledge Distillation

    Miles, Roy / Mikolajczyk, Krystian

    2023  

    Abstract: In this paper we revisit the efficacy of knowledge distillation as a function matching and metric learning problem. In doing so we verify three important design decisions, namely the normalisation, soft maximum function, and projection layers as key ... ...

    Abstract In this paper we revisit the efficacy of knowledge distillation as a function matching and metric learning problem. In doing so we verify three important design decisions, namely the normalisation, soft maximum function, and projection layers as key ingredients. We theoretically show that the projector implicitly encodes information on past examples, enabling relational gradients for the student. We then show that the normalisation of representations is tightly coupled with the training dynamics of this projector, which can have a large impact on the students performance. Finally, we show that a simple soft maximum function can be used to address any significant capacity gap problems. Experimental results on various benchmark datasets demonstrate that using these insights can lead to superior or comparable performance to state-of-the-art knowledge distillation techniques, despite being much more computationally efficient. In particular, we obtain these results across image classification (CIFAR100 and ImageNet), object detection (COCO2017), and on more difficult distillation objectives, such as training data efficient transformers, whereby we attain a 77.2% top-1 accuracy with DeiT-Ti on ImageNet. Code and models are publicly available.

    Comment: AAAI 2024. Code available at https://github.com/roymiles/Simple-Recipe-Distillation
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-03-20
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: HO-CR and HOLL-CR: new forms of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) with altered fatty acid composition and resistance to selected pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot).

    Spasibionek, Stanisław / Mikołajczyk, Katarzyna / Matuszczak, Marcin / Kaczmarek, Joanna / Ramzi, Noor / Jędryczka, Małgorzata

    Journal of applied genetics

    2024  

    Abstract: The priority in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) research and breeding programs worldwide is to combine different features to develop cultivars tailored to specific applications of this crop. In this study, forms with a modified fatty acid composition of ...

    Abstract The priority in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) research and breeding programs worldwide is to combine different features to develop cultivars tailored to specific applications of this crop. In this study, forms with a modified fatty acid composition of seed oil were successfully combined with a source of resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor., a harmful protist-causing clubroot. Three HO-type recombinants in F
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1235302-4
    ISSN 2190-3883 ; 1234-1983
    ISSN (online) 2190-3883
    ISSN 1234-1983
    DOI 10.1007/s13353-024-00867-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book ; Online: Multi-Class Segmentation from Aerial Views using Recursive Noise Diffusion

    Kolbeinsson, Benedikt / Mikolajczyk, Krystian

    2022  

    Abstract: Semantic segmentation from aerial views is a crucial task for autonomous drones, as they rely on precise and accurate segmentation to navigate safely and efficiently. However, aerial images present unique challenges such as diverse viewpoints, extreme ... ...

    Abstract Semantic segmentation from aerial views is a crucial task for autonomous drones, as they rely on precise and accurate segmentation to navigate safely and efficiently. However, aerial images present unique challenges such as diverse viewpoints, extreme scale variations, and high scene complexity. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end multi-class semantic segmentation diffusion model that addresses these challenges. We introduce recursive denoising to allow information to propagate through the denoising process, as well as a hierarchical multi-scale approach that complements the diffusion process. Our method achieves competitive results on the UAVid dataset and state-of-the-art performance on the Vaihingen Building segmentation benchmark. Being the first iteration of this method, it shows great promise for future improvements.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Book ; Online: ObjCAViT

    Auty, Dylan / Mikolajczyk, Krystian

    Improving Monocular Depth Estimation Using Natural Language Models And Image-Object Cross-Attention

    2022  

    Abstract: While monocular depth estimation (MDE) is an important problem in computer vision, it is difficult due to the ambiguity that results from the compression of a 3D scene into only 2 dimensions. It is common practice in the field to treat it as simple image- ...

    Abstract While monocular depth estimation (MDE) is an important problem in computer vision, it is difficult due to the ambiguity that results from the compression of a 3D scene into only 2 dimensions. It is common practice in the field to treat it as simple image-to-image translation, without consideration for the semantics of the scene and the objects within it. In contrast, humans and animals have been shown to use higher-level information to solve MDE: prior knowledge of the nature of the objects in the scene, their positions and likely configurations relative to one another, and their apparent sizes have all been shown to help resolve this ambiguity. In this paper, we present a novel method to enhance MDE performance by encouraging use of known-useful information about the semantics of objects and inter-object relationships within a scene. Our novel ObjCAViT module sources world-knowledge from language models and learns inter-object relationships in the context of the MDE problem using transformer attention, incorporating apparent size information. Our method produces highly accurate depth maps, and we obtain competitive results on the NYUv2 and KITTI datasets. Our ablation experiments show that the use of language and cross-attention within the ObjCAViT module increases performance. Code is released at https://github.com/DylanAuty/ObjCAViT.

    Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. Code is released at https://github.com/DylanAuty/ObjCAViT
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2022-11-30
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Online: Monocular Depth Estimation Using Cues Inspired by Biological Vision Systems

    Auty, Dylan / Mikolajczyk, Krystian

    2022  

    Abstract: Monocular depth estimation (MDE) aims to transform an RGB image of a scene into a pixelwise depth map from the same camera view. It is fundamentally ill-posed due to missing information: any single image can have been taken from many possible 3D scenes. ... ...

    Abstract Monocular depth estimation (MDE) aims to transform an RGB image of a scene into a pixelwise depth map from the same camera view. It is fundamentally ill-posed due to missing information: any single image can have been taken from many possible 3D scenes. Part of the MDE task is, therefore, to learn which visual cues in the image can be used for depth estimation, and how. With training data limited by cost of annotation or network capacity limited by computational power, this is challenging. In this work we demonstrate that explicitly injecting visual cue information into the model is beneficial for depth estimation. Following research into biological vision systems, we focus on semantic information and prior knowledge of object sizes and their relations, to emulate the biological cues of relative size, familiar size, and absolute size. We use state-of-the-art semantic and instance segmentation models to provide external information, and exploit language embeddings to encode relational information between classes. We also provide a prior on the average real-world size of objects. This external information overcomes the limitation in data availability, and ensures that the limited capacity of a given network is focused on known-helpful cues, therefore improving performance. We experimentally validate our hypothesis and evaluate the proposed model on the widely used NYUD2 indoor depth estimation benchmark. The results show improvements in depth prediction when the semantic information, size prior and instance size are explicitly provided along with the RGB images, and our method can be easily adapted to any depth estimation system.

    Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Accepted to International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) 2022. Code available at https://github.com/DylanAuty/MDE-biological-vision-systems
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2022-04-21
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Microbial lectome versus host glycolipidome: How pathogens exploit glycosphingolipids to invade, dupe or kill.

    Bereznicka, Anna / Mikolajczyk, Krzysztof / Czerwinski, Marcin / Kaczmarek, Radoslaw

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 958653

    Abstract: Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous components of the cell membranes, found across several kingdoms of life, from bacteria to mammals, including humans. GSLs are a subclass of major glycolipids occurring in animal lipid membranes in clusters named " ... ...

    Abstract Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous components of the cell membranes, found across several kingdoms of life, from bacteria to mammals, including humans. GSLs are a subclass of major glycolipids occurring in animal lipid membranes in clusters named "lipid rafts." The most crucial functions of GSLs include signal transduction and regulation as well as participation in cell proliferation. Despite the mainstream view that pathogens rely on protein-protein interactions to survive and thrive in their hosts, many also target the host lipids. In particular, multiple pathogens produce adhesion molecules or toxins that bind GSLs. Attachment of pathogens to cell surface receptors is the initial step in infections. Many mammalian pathogens have evolved to recognize GSL-derived receptors. Animal glycosphingolipidomes consist of multiple types of GSLs differing in terminal glycan and ceramide structures in a cell or tissue-specific manner. Interspecies differences in GSLs dictate host specificity as well as cell and tissue tropisms. Evolutionary pressure exerted by pathogens on their hosts drives changes in cell surface glycoconjugates, including GSLs, and has produced a vast number of molecules and interaction mechanisms. Despite that abundance, the role of GSLs as pathogen receptors has been largely overlooked or only cursorily discussed. In this review, we take a closer look at GSLs and their role in the recognition, cellular entry, and toxicity of multiple bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958653
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The role of cyclin Y in normal and pathological cells.

    Opacka, Aleksandra / Żuryń, Agnieszka / Krajewski, Adrian / Mikołajczyk, Klaudia

    Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 8, Page(s) 859–869

    Abstract: The family protein of cyclins, as well as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) cooperating with them, are broadly researched, as a matter of their dysfunction may lead to tumor transformation. Cyclins are defined as key regulators that have a controlling ... ...

    Abstract The family protein of cyclins, as well as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) cooperating with them, are broadly researched, as a matter of their dysfunction may lead to tumor transformation. Cyclins are defined as key regulators that have a controlling function of the mammalian nuclear cell divides. Cyclin Y (CCNY) is a recently characterized member of the cyclin family and was first identified from the human testis cDNA library. It is an actin-binding protein acting through decreased actin dynamics at a steady state and during glycine-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) and involves the inhibition of cofilin activation. What is more, CCNY is a positive regulatory subunit of the CDK14/PFTK1 complexes affected by the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the G2/M phase by recruiting CDK14/PFTK1 to the plasma membrane and promoting phosphorylation of LRP6. The expression of CCNY has been significantly mentioned within the cell migration and invasion activity both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this review is evaluation of the expression of CCNY in the physiology processes and compare the expression of this protein in cancer cells, taking into account the impact of the level of expression on tumor progression.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Testis/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclins/genetics ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Mammals/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (EC 2.7.11.22) ; Cyclins ; CDK14 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.22) ; CCNY protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2146183-1
    ISSN 1551-4005 ; 1538-4101 ; 1554-8627
    ISSN (online) 1551-4005
    ISSN 1538-4101 ; 1554-8627
    DOI 10.1080/15384101.2022.2162668
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Book ; Online: Features-over-the-Air

    Wu, Haotian / Mital, Nitish / Mikolajczyk, Krystian / Gündüz, Deniz

    Contrastive Learning Enabled Cooperative Edge Inference

    2023  

    Abstract: We study the collaborative image retrieval problem at the wireless edge, where multiple edge devices capture images of the same object, which are then used jointly to retrieve similar images at the edge server over a shared multiple access channel. We ... ...

    Abstract We study the collaborative image retrieval problem at the wireless edge, where multiple edge devices capture images of the same object, which are then used jointly to retrieve similar images at the edge server over a shared multiple access channel. We propose a semantic non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communication paradigm, in which extracted features from each device are mapped directly to channel inputs, which are then added over-the-air. We propose a novel contrastive learning (CL)-based semantic communication (CL-SC) paradigm, aiming to exploit signal correlations to maximize the retrieval accuracy under a total bandwidth constraints. Specifically, we treat noisy correlated signals as different augmentations of a common identity, and propose a cross-view CL algorithm to optimize the correlated signals in a coarse-to-fine fashion to improve retrieval accuracy. Extensive numerical experiments verify that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance and can significantly improve retrieval accuracy, with particularly significant gains in low signla-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limited bandwidth regimes.
    Keywords Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing ; 94A24 ; E.4
    Subject code 004
    Publishing date 2023-04-17
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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