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  1. Book: Depleted uranium

    Miller, Alexandra C.

    properties, uses, and health consequences

    2007  

    Author's details ed. by Alexandra C. Miller
    Keywords Depleted uranium/Toxicology ; Depleted uranium/Health aspects
    Subject code 615.925431
    Language English
    Size 268 S., [2] Bl. : Ill., graph. Darst., 24cm
    Publisher CRC Press
    Publishing place Boca Raton, Fla
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references and index. - Formerly CIP
    HBZ-ID HT015002510
    ISBN 0-8493-3047-5 ; 978-0-8493-3047-6
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: Dose-Dependent Effects of Radiation on Mitochondrial Morphology and Clonogenic Cell Survival in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells.

    Wang, Li / Rivas, Rafael / Wilson, Angelo / Park, Yu Min / Walls, Shannon / Yu, Tianzheng / Miller, Alexandra C

    Cells

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1

    Abstract: To better understand radiation-induced organ dysfunction at both high and low doses, it is critical to understand how endothelial cells (ECs) respond to radiation. The impact of irradiation (IR) on ECs varies depending on the dose administered. High ... ...

    Abstract To better understand radiation-induced organ dysfunction at both high and low doses, it is critical to understand how endothelial cells (ECs) respond to radiation. The impact of irradiation (IR) on ECs varies depending on the dose administered. High doses can directly damage ECs, leading to EC impairment. In contrast, the effects of low doses on ECs are subtle but more complex. Low doses in this study refer to radiation exposure levels that are below those that cause immediate and necrotic damage. Mitochondria are the primary cellular components affected by IR, and this study explored their role in determining the effect of radiation on microvascular endothelial cells. Human dermal microvascular ECs (HMEC-1) were exposed to varying IR doses ranging from 0.1 Gy to 8 Gy (~0.4 Gy/min) in the AFRRI 60-Cobalt facility. Results indicated that high doses led to a dose-dependent reduction in cell survival, which can be attributed to factors such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, low doses induced a small but significant increase in cell survival, and this was achieved without detectable DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell senescence, or mitochondrial dysfunction in HMEC-1. Moreover, the mitochondrial morphology was assessed, revealing that all doses increased the percentage of elongated mitochondria, with low doses (0.25 Gy and 0.5 Gy) having a greater effect than high doses. However, only high doses caused an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation/swelling. The study further revealed that low doses induced mitochondrial elongation, likely via an increase in mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (Mfn1), while high doses caused mitochondrial fragmentation via a decrease in optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1). In conclusion, the study suggests, for the first time, that changes in mitochondrial morphology are likely involved in the mechanism for the radiation dose-dependent effect on the survival of microvascular endothelial cells. This research, by delineating the specific mechanisms through which radiation affects endothelial cells, offers invaluable insights into the potential impact of radiation exposure on cardiovascular health.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Endothelial Cells ; Cell Survival ; Mitochondria ; Cellular Senescence ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Radiation Injuries ; Mitochondrial Diseases
    Chemical Substances Mitochondrial Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells13010039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Influence of BOVAMINE DEFEND Plus on growth performance, carcass characteristics, estimated dry matter digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and immune function in finishing beef steers.

    Miller, Alexandra C / Mezzomo, Rafael / Gomes, Daiany I / Loh, Huey Yi / Levenson, Jonah R / Guimaraes, Octavio / Tangredi, Briana V / Zuchegno, Sophie M / Chek, Erlene / Cappellozza, Bruno I / Schutz, Jennifer S / Engle, Terry E

    Translational animal science

    2024  Volume 8, Page(s) txae045

    Abstract: One hundred and eighty crossbred beef steers (406.0 ± 2.2 kg) were used to determine the impact of a novel direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, rumen fermentation characteristics, and immune response in finishing ... ...

    Abstract One hundred and eighty crossbred beef steers (406.0 ± 2.2 kg) were used to determine the impact of a novel direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, rumen fermentation characteristics, and immune response in finishing beef cattle. Steers were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned, within block, to 1 of 2 treatments (3 replicates/treatment: 30 steers/replicate). Treatments included: (1) no DFM (control) and (2) DFM supplementation at 50 mg ∙ animal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2573-2102
    ISSN (online) 2573-2102
    DOI 10.1093/tas/txae045
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Military Global Health Engagement and Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation.

    Miller, Alexandra C / Gilstad, John / Brenner, David J

    Military medicine

    2017  Volume 182, Issue 9, Page(s) 1677–1679

    MeSH term(s) Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Global Health/trends ; Humans ; Military Medicine/methods ; Military Medicine/trends ; Radiation, Ionizing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391061-1
    ISSN 1930-613X ; 0026-4075
    ISSN (online) 1930-613X
    ISSN 0026-4075
    DOI 10.7205/MILMED-D-17-00142
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: COVID-19: Proposing a Ketone-Based Metabolic Therapy as a Treatment to Blunt the Cytokine Storm.

    Bradshaw, Patrick C / Seeds, William A / Miller, Alexandra C / Mahajan, Vikrant R / Curtis, William M

    Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

    2020  Volume 2020, Page(s) 6401341

    Abstract: Human SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a high mortality rate due to some patients developing a large innate immune response associated with a cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is characterized at the molecular ... ...

    Abstract Human SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a high mortality rate due to some patients developing a large innate immune response associated with a cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is characterized at the molecular level by decreased energy metabolism, altered redox state, oxidative damage, and cell death. Therapies that increase levels of (R)-beta-hydroxybutyrate (R-BHB), such as the ketogenic diet or consuming exogenous ketones, should restore altered energy metabolism and redox state. R-BHB activates anti-inflammatory GPR109A signaling and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and histone deacetylases, while a ketogenic diet has been shown to protect mice from influenza virus infection through a protective
    MeSH term(s) 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/metabolism ; Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/metabolism ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/metabolism ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/therapy ; Diet, Ketogenic/methods ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Ketones/administration & dosage ; Ketones/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Ketones ; 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid (TZP1275679)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2455981-7
    ISSN 1942-0994 ; 1942-0994
    ISSN (online) 1942-0994
    ISSN 1942-0994
    DOI 10.1155/2020/6401341
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Book: Depleted uranium

    Miller, Alexandra C

    properties, uses, and health consequences

    2007  

    Author's details edited by Alexandra C. Miller
    MeSH term(s) Uranium/toxicity ; Uranium/pharmacokinetics ; Radiation Effects
    Language English
    Size 268 p., [4] p. of plates :, ill. (some col.) ;, 25 cm.
    Publisher CRC Press/Taylor&Francis
    Publishing place Boca Raton
    Document type Book
    ISBN 9780849330476 ; 0849330475
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  7. Article ; Online: Preconceptional paternal exposure to depleted uranium: transmission of genetic damage to offspring.

    Miller, Alexandra C / Stewart, Michael / Rivas, Rafael

    Health physics

    2010  Volume 99, Issue 3, Page(s) 371–379

    Abstract: Depleted uranium (DU) is an alpha particle emitter and radioactive heavy metal used in military applications. Due to internalization of DU during military operations and the ensuing chronic internal exposure to DU, there are concerns regarding its ... ...

    Abstract Depleted uranium (DU) is an alpha particle emitter and radioactive heavy metal used in military applications. Due to internalization of DU during military operations and the ensuing chronic internal exposure to DU, there are concerns regarding its potential health effects. Preconceptional paternal irradiation has been implicated as a causal factor in childhood cancer and it has been suggested that this paternal exposure to radiation may play a role in the occurrence of leukemia and other cancers to offspring. Similarly, in vivo heavy metal studies have demonstrated that carcinogenic effects can occur in unexposed offspring. Using a transgenic mouse system employing a lambda shuttle vector allowing mutations (in the lacI gene) to be analyzed in vitro, we have investigated the possibility that chronic preconceptional paternal DU exposure can lead to transgenerational transmission of genomic instability. The mutation frequencies in vector recovered from the bone marrow cells of the F1 offspring of male parents exposed to low, medium, and high doses of internalized DU for 7 mo were evaluated and compared to control, tantalum, nickel, and gamma radiation F1 samples. Results demonstrate that as paternal DU-dose increased there was a trend towards higher mutation frequency in vector recovered from the DNA obtained from bone marrow of F1 progeny; medium and high dose DU exposure to P1 fathers resulted in a significant increase in mutation frequency in F1 offspring (3.57 +or - 0.37 and 4.81 + or - 0.43 x 10; p < 0.001) in comparison to control (2.28 + or - 0.31 x 10). The mutation frequencies from F1 offspring of low dose DU, Ta- or Ni-implanted fathers (2. 71 + or - 0.35, 2.38 + or - 0.35, and 2.93 + or - 0.39 x 10, respectively) were not significantly different than control levels (2.28 + or - 0.31 x 10). Offspring from Co (4 Gy) irradiated fathers did demonstrate an increased lacI mutation frequency (4.69 + or - 0.48 x 10) as had been shown previously. To evaluate the role of radiation involved in the observed DU effects, males were exposed to equal concentrations (50 mg U L) of either enriched uranium or DU in their drinking water for 2 mo prior to breeding. A comparison of these offspring indicated that there was a specific-activity dependent increase in offspring bone marrow mutation frequency. Taken together these uranyl nitrate data support earlier results in other model systems showing that radiation can play a role in DU-induced biological effects in vitro. However, since the lacI mutation model measures point mutations and cannot measure large deletions that are characteristic of radiation damage, the role of DU chemical effects in the observed offspring mutation frequency increase may also be significant. Regardless of the question of DU-radiation vs. DU-chemical effects, the data indicate that there exists a route for transgenerational transmission of factor(s) leading to genomic instability in F1 progeny from DU-exposed fathers.
    MeSH term(s) Alpha Particles ; Animals ; Bone Marrow/metabolism ; Bone Marrow/radiation effects ; DNA Damage/genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Female ; Genomic Instability/genetics ; Genomic Instability/radiation effects ; Lac Repressors/genetics ; Leukemia/chemically induced ; Leukemia/genetics ; Leukemia/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/chemically induced ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/metabolism ; Paternal Exposure/adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/genetics ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/metabolism ; Uranium/metabolism ; Uranium/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Lac Repressors ; Uranium (4OC371KSTK)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2406-5
    ISSN 1538-5159 ; 0017-9078
    ISSN (online) 1538-5159
    ISSN 0017-9078
    DOI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181cfe0dd
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Radiation protection and mitigation potential of phenylbutyrate: delivered via oral administration.

    Miller, Alexandra C / Rivas, Rafael / McMahon, Robert / Miller, Karvelisse / Tesoro, Leonard / Villa, Vilmar / Yanushkevich, Daminik / Lison, Paul

    International journal of radiation biology

    2017  Volume 93, Issue 9, Page(s) 907–919

    Abstract: Purpose: Phenylbutyrate (PB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) has demonstrated radiation protection in both in vitro and in vivo models. Studies previously demonstrated that PB and other HDAC inhibitors could inhibit radiation lethality in vivo ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Phenylbutyrate (PB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) has demonstrated radiation protection in both in vitro and in vivo models. Studies previously demonstrated that PB and other HDAC inhibitors could inhibit radiation lethality in vivo by subcutaneous (s.c) injection. The objective of this study was to test the ability of oral PB treatment to protect against or to mitigate acute gamma radiation-induced lethality in vivo.
    Materials and methods: Human osteoblasts cells were used to evaluate radiation survival when PB was delivered pre- or post-radiation. A 30-day radiation lethality study was used to assess the radioprotective (pre-radiation) and radiomitigative (post-radiation) capability of PB. Possible mechanisms evaluated were antioxidant activity effects, HDAC inhibition, DNA damage, and hematological recovery.
    Results: Treatment of HOS cells with PB 50 μM either before or after radiation increased radiation resistance as assessed by clonogenic survival. Western blot studies showed that PB treatment acetylated histones in vivo and ameliorated the radiation-induced reduction in acetylated histone-4 (H4). Pre-radiation oral administration of PB (10 mg/kg) provided radioprotection against gamma radiation (7-11.5 Gy) with a dose reduction factor of 1.25 (p = 0.001). PB oral administration post-radiation provided moderate radiation mitigation against gamma radiation (7-11.5 Gy) and demonstrated a dose reduction factor of 1.18 (p = 0.05). PB pre-radiation and post-radiation treatment was associated with significant elevations in neutrophils and platelets and attenuation of DNA damage.
    Conclusions: These results indicate that oral PB has potential as a radiation protector and a radiation mitigator and that potential mechanisms of action include attenuation of DNA damage, antioxidant activity, and bone marrow protection.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA Damage/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Feasibility Studies ; Gamma Rays ; Humans ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Osteoblasts/cytology ; Osteoblasts/drug effects ; Osteoblasts/physiology ; Osteoblasts/radiation effects ; Phenylbutyrates/adverse effects ; Phenylbutyrates/pharmacology ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Injuries/diagnosis ; Radiation Injuries/prevention & control ; Radiation-Protective Agents/adverse effects ; Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Phenylbutyrates ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; Reactive Oxygen Species
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3065-x
    ISSN 1362-3095 ; 0020-7616 ; 0955-3002
    ISSN (online) 1362-3095
    ISSN 0020-7616 ; 0955-3002
    DOI 10.1080/09553002.2017.1350301
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Radiation exposure from depleted uranium: The radiation bystander effect.

    Miller, Alexandra C / Rivas, Rafael / Tesoro, Leonard / Kovalenko, Gregor / Kovaric, Nikola / Pavlovic, Peter / Brenner, David

    Toxicology and applied pharmacology

    2017  Volume 331, Page(s) 135–141

    Abstract: Depleted uranium (DU) is a radioactive heavy metal used primarily in military applications. Published data from our laboratory have demonstrated that DU exposure in vitro to immortalized human osteoblast cells (HOS) is both neoplastically transforming ... ...

    Abstract Depleted uranium (DU) is a radioactive heavy metal used primarily in military applications. Published data from our laboratory have demonstrated that DU exposure in vitro to immortalized human osteoblast cells (HOS) is both neoplastically transforming and genotoxic. In vivo studies have also demonstrated that DU is leukemogenic and genotoxic. DU possesses both a radiological (alpha particle) and chemical (metal) component but is generally considered a chemical biohazard. Studies have shown that alpha particle radiation does play a role in DU's toxic effects. Evidence has accumulated that non-irradiated cells in the vicinity of irradiated cells can have a response to ionization events. The purpose of this study was to determine if these "bystander effects" play a role in DU's toxic and neoplastic effects using HOS cells. We investigated the bystander responses between DU-exposed cells and non-exposed cells by co-culturing the two equal populations. Decreased cell survival and increased neoplastic transformation were observed in the non-DU exposed cells following 4 or 24h co-culture. In contrast Ni (II)- or Cr(VI)- exposed cells were unable to alter those biological effects in non-Ni(II) or non-Cr(VI) exposed co-cultured cells. Transfer experiments using medium from the DU-exposed and non-exposed co-cultured cells was able to cause adverse biological responses in cells; these results demonstrated that a factor (s) is secreted into the co-culture medium which is involved in this DU-associated bystander effect. This novel effect of DU exposure could have implications for radiation risk and for health risk assessment associated with DU exposure.
    MeSH term(s) Bystander Effect/drug effects ; Bystander Effect/physiology ; Bystander Effect/radiation effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cell Survival/physiology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/radiation effects ; Coculture Techniques/methods ; Humans ; Osteoblasts/drug effects ; Osteoblasts/physiology ; Osteoblasts/radiation effects ; Radiation Exposure/adverse effects ; Uranium/toxicity ; Uranyl Nitrate/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Uranyl Nitrate (0C0WI17JYF) ; Uranium (4OC371KSTK)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 204477-8
    ISSN 1096-0333 ; 0041-008X
    ISSN (online) 1096-0333
    ISSN 0041-008X
    DOI 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: DNA methylation during depleted uranium-induced leukemia.

    Miller, Alexandra C / Stewart, Michael / Rivas, Rafael

    Biochimie

    2009  Volume 91, Issue 10, Page(s) 1328–1330

    Abstract: Objectives: The radioactive heavy metal depleted uranium (DU) is used in kinetic-energy penetrators in military applications. The objective of this study was to determine involvement of DNA methylation in DU-induced leukemia.: Methods: Methylation ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The radioactive heavy metal depleted uranium (DU) is used in kinetic-energy penetrators in military applications. The objective of this study was to determine involvement of DNA methylation in DU-induced leukemia.
    Methods: Methylation was measured by direct analysis of 5-methylcytosine content of spleen DNA in DU leukemic mice.
    Results: Spleen hypomethylation occurred during DU-induced leukemogenesis (chronic internal DU exposure). Aberrant gene transcription was also detected.
    Conclusions: Epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in DU-induced leukemia. These data are evidence of aberrant DNA hypomethylation being associated with DU leukemogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; DNA Methylation/drug effects ; Leukemia/chemically induced ; Leukemia/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Uranium/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Uranium (4OC371KSTK)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-10
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 120345-9
    ISSN 1638-6183 ; 0300-9084
    ISSN (online) 1638-6183
    ISSN 0300-9084
    DOI 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.03.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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