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Article: Oscillatory connectivity as a mechanism of auditory sensory gating and its disruption in schizophrenia

Popov, Tzvetan / Rockstroh, Brigitte / Miller, Gregory A.

2022 Volume 59, Issue 5, Page(s) No

Abstract: Although innumerable studies using an auditory sensory gating paradigm have confirmed that individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) show less reduction in brain response to the second in a pair of clicks, this large literature has not yielded consensus on the ...

Title translation	Oszillatorische Konnektivität als Mechanismus des auditiven sensorischen Gating und seine Störung bei Schizophrenie
Abstract	Although innumerable studies using an auditory sensory gating paradigm have confirmed that individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) show less reduction in brain response to the second in a pair of clicks, this large literature has not yielded consensus on the circuit(s) responsible for gating nor for the gating difference in SZ. Clinically stable adult inpatients (N = 157) and matched community participants (N = 90) participated in a standard auditory sensory gating protocol. Responses to paired clicks were quantified as peak-to-peak amplitude from a response at approximately 50 ms to a response at approximately 100 ms in MEG-derived source waveforms. For bilateral sources in each of four regions near Heschl's gyrus, the gating ratio was computed as the response to the second stimulus divided by the response to the first stimulus. Spectrally resolved Granger causality quantified effective connectivity among regions manifested in alpha-band oscillatory coupling before and during stimulation. Poorer sensory gating localized to A1 in SZ than in controls confirmed previous results, here found in adjacent brain regions as well. Spontaneous, stimulus-independent effective connectivity within the hemisphere from angular gyrus to portions of the superior temporal gyrus was lower in SZ and correlated with gating ratio. Significant involvement of frontal and subcortical brain regions previously proposed as contributing to the auditory gating abnormality was not found. Findings point to endogenous connectivity evident in a sequence of activity from angular gyrus to portions of superior temporal gyrus as a mechanism contributing to normal and abnormal gating in SZ and potentially to sensory and cognitive symptoms.
Keywords	Alpha Rhythm ; Alpha-Rhythmus ; Auditive Wahrnehmung ; Auditory Perception ; Brain ; Brain Connectivity ; Broca's Area ; Broca-Feld ; Gehirn ; Konnektivität (Gehirn) ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenie ; Sensory Gating ; Temporal Lobe ; Temporallappen (Gehirn)
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	209486-1
ISSN	1540-5958 ; 0048-5772
ISSN (online)	1540-5958
ISSN	0048-5772
DOI	10.1111/psyp.13770
Database	PSYNDEX

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Article: The masking of speech.

MILLER, G A

Psychological bulletin

2010 Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 105–129

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Speech
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1321-3
ISSN	1939-1455 ; 0033-2909
ISSN (online)	1939-1455
ISSN	0033-2909
DOI	10.1037/h0055960
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Article: Early prediction of respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves using feeding and activity behaviors

Bowen, J.M. / Haskell, M.J. / Miller, G.A. / Mason, C.S. / Bell, D.J. / Duthie, C-A.

American Dairy Science Association Journal of dairy science. 2021 Nov., v. 104, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) represents one of the major disease challenges affecting preweaning dairy-bred calves. Previous studies have shown that differences in feeding and activity behaviors exist between healthy and diseased calves affected by ... ...

Abstract	Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) represents one of the major disease challenges affecting preweaning dairy-bred calves. Previous studies have shown that differences in feeding and activity behaviors exist between healthy and diseased calves affected by BRD. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the accuracy of models designed to predict BRD from feeding and activity behaviors. Feeding and activity behaviors were recorded for 100 male preweaning calves between ~8 to 42 d of age. Calves were group housed with ad libitum access to milk via automatic milk feeders, water, starter diet, and straw. Activity was monitored via a leg-mounted accelerometer. Health status of individual calves was monitored daily using an adapted version of the Wisconsin Scoring System to identify BRD. Three models were created to predict disease: (1) deviation from normal lying time based on moving averages (MA); (2) random forest (RF), a machine learning technique based on feeding and activity variables; and (3) a combination of RF and MA output. For the MA model, lying time was predicted based on behavior over previous days (3- and 7-d MA) and the expected value for the current day (based on calf age; measured using accelerometers). Data were not split into training and test data sets. Occasions when the actual lying time increased >9% of predicted lying time were classified as a deviation from normal and a disease alert was provided. Both feeding and activity behaviors were included within the RF model. Data were split into training (70%) and test (30%) data sets based on disease events. Events were classified as 2 d before, the day(s) of the disease event, and 2 d after the event. Accuracy of models was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). If a positive disease prediction agreed with an actual disease event within a 3-d rolling window, it was classified as a true positive. Stand-alone models (RF; MA) showed high specificity (0.95; 0.97), moderate sensitivity (0.35; 0.43), balanced accuracy (0.65; 0.64), and MCC (0.25; 0.29). Combining outputs increased accuracy (specificity = 0.95, sensitivity = 0.54, balanced accuracy = 0.75, MCC = 0.36). The work presented is the first to demonstrate the use of modeling data derived from precision livestock farming techniques that monitor feeding and activity behaviors for early detection of BRD in preweaning calves, offering a significant advance in health management of youngstock.
Keywords	accelerometers ; bovine respiratory disease ; dairy science ; health status ; males ; milk ; models ; prediction ; respiratory tract diseases ; starter diets ; straw ; Wisconsin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Size	p. 12009-12018.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2021-20373
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Feeding behaviour and activity as early indicators of disease in pre-weaned dairy calves

Duthie, C.-A / Bowen, J.M / Bell, D.J / Miller, G.A / Mason, C / Haskell, M.J

Animal. 2021 Mar., v. 15, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Across the industry, there is large variation in health status of dairy calves and as a result, disease incidence and antibiotic use is high. This has significant implications for animal welfare, productivity and profitability of dairy and dairy-beef ... ...

Abstract	Across the industry, there is large variation in health status of dairy calves and as a result, disease incidence and antibiotic use is high. This has significant implications for animal welfare, productivity and profitability of dairy and dairy-beef production systems. Technology-based early detection systems could alleviate these issues; however, methods of early detection of disease in dairy calves have not been widely explored. This study aimed to determine whether changes in activity and feeding behaviour can be used as early warning indicators of respiratory disease in calves. In total, 100 pre-weaned male Holstein calves (age: ~8−42 days) were used. Calves were group-housed and provided with starter diet, straw bedding and ad libitum water. Calves were fed milk replacer ad libitum through an automatic calf feeder, and each calf was fitted with a leg-mounted activity monitor. Daily activity and feeding behaviour variables were calculated for each calf. Each calf was assessed daily using a modified version of the Wisconsin Scoring System to assess respiratory disease status. Calves were classed as ‘Diseased’, ‘Intermediate’ or ‘Healthy’ based on their cumulative health score. The peak day of the most extreme illness event was identified for each calf. Data from Diseased and Healthy calves were paired for analysis based on age and BW. Data were compared for the day of peak illness, and for the 3 days previous and post. Compared to healthy calves, diseased calves lay for longer and tended to have longer lying bouts (daily lying: 17.6 ± 0.3 vs 16.7 ± 0.2 h, P < 0.01; bout length: 74.8 ± 10.6 vs 56.0 ± 3.7 min, P = 0.09 for diseased and healthy calves, respectively). Diseased calves fed for a shorter time and had fewer feeder visits (with intake) each day compared to healthy calves (feeding time (min): 19.3 ± 1.4 vs 22.8 ± 1.5; P < 0.05; visits: 2.1 ± 0.2 vs 3.2 ± 0.4; P < 0.05). Importantly, differences between diseased and healthy calves were evident in both activity and feeding behaviour on the days prior to the peak day of disease. Lying bout length was greater in diseased calves for the 2 days prior to the peak day (P < 0.05), lying time was longer on day −1 (P < 0.05) and feeder visits with milk intake were less frequent on day −3 (P < 0.05). Thus, measurement of feeding and activity using precision technology within early detection systems could facilitate early intervention and optimized treatment.
Keywords	Holstein ; animal welfare ; antibiotics ; disease detection ; disease incidence ; group housing ; health status ; industry ; males ; milk consumption ; milk replacer ; profitability ; respiratory tract diseases ; starter diets ; straw ; Wisconsin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-03
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2257920-5
ISSN	1751-732X ; 1751-7311
ISSN (online)	1751-732X
ISSN	1751-7311
DOI	10.1016/j.animal.2020.100150
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Coherent light transmission properties of commercial photonic crystal hollow core optical fiber.

Cranch, G A / Miller, G A

Applied optics

2015 Volume 54, Issue 31, Page(s) F8–16

Abstract: Photonic crystal hollow core fiber (PC-HCF) has enabled many exciting new applications in nonlinear optics and spectroscopy. However, to date there has been less impact in coherent applications where preservation of optical phase over long fiber lengths ... ...

Abstract	Photonic crystal hollow core fiber (PC-HCF) has enabled many exciting new applications in nonlinear optics and spectroscopy. However, to date there has been less impact in coherent applications where preservation of optical phase over long fiber lengths is crucial. This paper presents characteristics of three commercially available PC-HCFs relevant to coherent applications including higher-order mode analysis, birefringence and polarization-dependent loss, and their impact on coherent light transmission in PC-HCF. Multipath interference due to higher-order mode propagation and Fresnel reflection is shown to generate excess intensity noise in transmission, which can be suppressed by up to 20 dB through high frequency phase modulation of the source laser. To demonstrate the potential of PC-HCF in high performance sensing, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) incorporating 10 m of PC-HCF in each arm is characterized and demonstrates a phase resolution (59×10(-9) rad/Hz(1/2) at 30 kHz) close to the shot noise limit, which is better than can be achieved in a MZI made with the same length of single mode solid core fiber because of the limit set by fundamental thermodynamic noise (74×10(-9) rad/Hz(1/2) at 30 kHz).
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1539-4522
ISSN (online)	1539-4522
DOI	10.1364/AO.54.0000F8
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Article: Attending to Eliza

Schindler, Sebastian / Miller, Gregory A. / Kissler, Johanna

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

Rapid brain responses reflect competence attribution in virtual social feedback processing

2019 Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) 1073–1086

Abstract: In the age of virtual communication, the source of a message is often inferred rather than perceived, raising the question of how sender attributions affect content processing. We investigated this issue in an evaluative feedback scenario. Participants ... ...

Title translation	Schnelle Gehirnreaktionen spiegeln die Kompetenzattribution in der virtuellen sozialen Feedback-Verarbeitung wider
Abstract	In the age of virtual communication, the source of a message is often inferred rather than perceived, raising the question of how sender attributions affect content processing. We investigated this issue in an evaluative feedback scenario. Participants were told that an expert psychotherapist, a layperson or a randomly acting computer was going to give them online positive, neutral or negative personality feedback while high-density EEG was recorded. Sender attribution affected processing rapidly, even though the feedback was on average identical. Event-related potentials revealed a linear increase with attributed expertise beginning 150 ms after disclosure and most pronounced for N1, P2 and early posterior negativity components. P3 and late positive potential amplitudes were increased for both human senders and for emotionally significant (positive or negative) feedback. Strikingly, feedback from a putative expert prompted large P3 responses, even for inherently neutral content. Source analysis localized early enhancements due to attributed sender expertise in frontal and somatosensory regions and later responses in the posterior cingulate and extended visual and parietal areas, supporting involvement of mentalizing, embodied processing and socially motivated attention. These findings reveal how attributed sender expertise rapidly alters feedback processing in virtual interaction and have implications for virtual therapy and online communication.
Keywords	Attribution ; Communication ; Computer Mediated Communication ; Computervermittelte Kommunikation ; Erfahrungsniveau ; Evoked Potentials ; Evozierte Potenziale ; Experience Level ; Feedback ; Kommunikation ; Kommunikationsinhalte ; Language ; Messages ; Sprache
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2236933-8
ISSN	1749-5024 ; 1749-5016
ISSN (online)	1749-5024
ISSN	1749-5016
DOI	10.1093/scan/nsz075
Database	PSYNDEX

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Article ; Online: Early prediction of respiratory disease in preweaning dairy calves using feeding and activity behaviors.

Bowen, J M / Haskell, M J / Miller, G A / Mason, C S / Bell, D J / Duthie, C-A

Journal of dairy science

2021 Volume 104, Issue 11, Page(s) 12009–12018

Abstract	Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) represents one of the major disease challenges affecting preweaning dairy-bred calves. Previous studies have shown that differences in feeding and activity behaviors exist between healthy and diseased calves affected by BRD. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the accuracy of models designed to predict BRD from feeding and activity behaviors. Feeding and activity behaviors were recorded for 100 male preweaning calves between ~8 to 42 d of age. Calves were group housed with ad libitum access to milk via automatic milk feeders, water, starter diet, and straw. Activity was monitored via a leg-mounted accelerometer. Health status of individual calves was monitored daily using an adapted version of the Wisconsin Scoring System to identify BRD. Three models were created to predict disease: (1) deviation from normal lying time based on moving averages (MA); (2) random forest (RF), a machine learning technique based on feeding and activity variables; and (3) a combination of RF and MA output. For the MA model, lying time was predicted based on behavior over previous days (3- and 7-d MA) and the expected value for the current day (based on calf age; measured using accelerometers). Data were not split into training and test data sets. Occasions when the actual lying time increased >9% of predicted lying time were classified as a deviation from normal and a disease alert was provided. Both feeding and activity behaviors were included within the RF model. Data were split into training (70%) and test (30%) data sets based on disease events. Events were classified as 2 d before, the day(s) of the disease event, and 2 d after the event. Accuracy of models was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). If a positive disease prediction agreed with an actual disease event within a 3-d rolling window, it was classified as a true positive. Stand-alone models (RF; MA) showed high specificity (0.95; 0.97), moderate sensitivity (0.35; 0.43), balanced accuracy (0.65; 0.64), and MCC (0.25; 0.29). Combining outputs increased accuracy (specificity = 0.95, sensitivity = 0.54, balanced accuracy = 0.75, MCC = 0.36). The work presented is the first to demonstrate the use of modeling data derived from precision livestock farming techniques that monitor feeding and activity behaviors for early detection of BRD in preweaning calves, offering a significant advance in health management of youngstock.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Male ; Milk ; Weaning
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242499-x
ISSN	1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
ISSN (online)	1525-3198
ISSN	0022-0302
DOI	10.3168/jds.2021-20373
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Article: Sets of Conjugate Cycles of a Substitution Group.

Miller, G A

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2006 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 52–54

Language	English
Publishing date	2006-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.9.2.52
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Article: Groups Possessing at Least One Set of Independent Generators Composed of as Many Operators as There are Prime Factors in the Order of the Group.

Miller, G A

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2006 Volume 1, Issue 4, Page(s) 241–244

Language	English
Publishing date	2006-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1.4.241
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Article: Groups Generated by Two Operators, s(1), s(2), Which Satisfy the Conditions s(1) = s(2), (s(1)s(2)) = I, s(1)s(2) = s(2)s(1).

Miller, G A

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2006 Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) 70–73

Language	English
Publishing date	2006-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.6.2.70
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