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  1. Article ; Online: Vitamin B12 and In Utero Programming - With Each Question Answered, Many Questions Are Raised.

    Miller, Joshua W

    The Journal of nutrition

    2023  Volume 153, Issue 12, Page(s) 3352–3354

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 218373-0
    ISSN 1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
    ISSN (online) 1541-6100
    ISSN 0022-3166
    DOI 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.025
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  2. Article ; Online: Factors Associated with Different Forms of Folate in Human Serum: The Folate Folio Continues to Grow.

    Miller, Joshua W

    The Journal of nutrition

    2020  Volume 150, Issue 4, Page(s) 650–651

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Dietary Supplements ; Education ; Female ; Folic Acid/administration & dosage ; Folic Acid/blood ; Folic Acid Deficiency/prevention & control ; Food, Fortified ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neural Tube Defects/prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; United States
    Chemical Substances Folic Acid (935E97BOY8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218373-0
    ISSN 1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
    ISSN (online) 1541-6100
    ISSN 0022-3166
    DOI 10.1093/jn/nxaa046
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  3. Article: Vitamin B12 deficiency.

    Green, Ralph / Miller, Joshua W

    Vitamins and hormones

    2022  Volume 119, Page(s) 405–439

    Abstract: Of the water-soluble vitamins, vitamin B12 (B12) has the lowest daily requirement. It also has several unique properties including a complex pathway for its absorption and assimilation requiring intact gastric and terminal small intestinal function, an ... ...

    Abstract Of the water-soluble vitamins, vitamin B12 (B12) has the lowest daily requirement. It also has several unique properties including a complex pathway for its absorption and assimilation requiring intact gastric and terminal small intestinal function, an enterohepatic pathway, and several dedicated binding proteins and chaperons. The many causes of B12 deficiency include malabsorption and defects in cellular delivery and uptake, as well as limited dietary intake. B12 is required as a cofactor for only two reactions in humans, the cytosolic methionine synthase reaction and the mitochondrial methymalonyl CoA mutase reaction. Disruption of either of these reactions gives rise to B12 deficiency. Although more common with advancing age, because of the higher prevalence of malabsorptive disorders in the elderly, B12 deficiency is widely distributed across all age groups particularly where food insecurity occurs. The consequences and severity of B12 deficiency are variable depending on the degree of deficiency and its duration. Major organ systems affected include the blood, bone marrow and nervous system. Megaloblastic anemia results from a defect in thymidine and therefore DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells. Nervous system involvement is varied, some of which results from defective myelin synthesis and repair. Cognitive impairment and psychosis may also occur. Diagnosis of B12 deficiency rests on clinical suspicion followed by laboratory testing, which consists of a panel of tests, that together provide clinically reliable predictive indices. B12 metabolism and deficiency is closely intertwined with folate, another B-vitamin. This chapter explores the various aspects of a unique and fascinating micronutrient.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Biological Transport ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Vitamin B 12/metabolism ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/diagnosis ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/etiology
    Chemical Substances Folic Acid (935E97BOY8) ; Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 201161-x
    ISSN 2162-2620 ; 0083-6729
    ISSN (online) 2162-2620
    ISSN 0083-6729
    DOI 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.02.003
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  4. Article ; Online: A formative time in our understanding of formate.

    Miller, Joshua W

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2019  Volume 110, Issue 5, Page(s) 1047–1048

    MeSH term(s) Canada ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Formates ; Humans ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pregnancy
    Chemical Substances Formates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqz216
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  5. Article: Homocysteine-a retrospective and prospective appraisal.

    McCaddon, Andrew / Miller, Joshua W

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1179807

    Abstract: The biologically important amino acid homocysteine links sulfur, methionine, and one-carbon metabolism. This review describes its initial discovery, the identification of the clinical condition of "homocystinuria" and the recognition of its close ... ...

    Abstract The biologically important amino acid homocysteine links sulfur, methionine, and one-carbon metabolism. This review describes its initial discovery, the identification of the clinical condition of "homocystinuria" and the recognition of its close relationship to folate and vitamin B12 metabolism. It discusses the history behind its current association with diverse diseases including neural tube defects, cardio- and cerebrovascular disease and, more recently, dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. It also explores current controversies and considers potential future research directions. It is intended to give a general overview of homocysteine in relation to health and disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2023.1179807
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  6. Article ; Online: Proton Pump Inhibitors, H2-Receptor Antagonists, Metformin, and Vitamin B-12 Deficiency: Clinical Implications.

    Miller, Joshua W

    Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)

    2018  Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 511S–518S

    Abstract: There is clear evidence that proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and metformin can reduce serum vitamin B-12 concentrations by inhibiting the absorption of the vitamin. However, it is unclear if the effects of these drugs on ... ...

    Abstract There is clear evidence that proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and metformin can reduce serum vitamin B-12 concentrations by inhibiting the absorption of the vitamin. However, it is unclear if the effects of these drugs on serum vitamin B-12 are associated with increased risk of biochemical or functional deficiency (as is indicated by elevated blood concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid) or clinical deficiency (including megaloblastic anemia and neurologic disorders such as peripheral neuropathy and cognitive dysfunction). This review provides an overview of vitamin B-12 absorption and biochemistry and the mechanisms by which PPIs, H2RAs, and metformin affect these functions. It also summarizes the literature relating the use of these drugs to the risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency. Also discussed is that strategies for assessing vitamin B-12 status and diagnosing vitamin B-12 deficiency have evolved in recent years beyond solely measuring serum total vitamin B-12. Multiple analyte testing, a strategy in which ≥2 of 4 biomarkers of vitamin B-12 status-serum total vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid-are measured, increases sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing vitamin B-12 deficiency. It is concluded that randomized controlled trials are now needed that use the strategy of multiple analyte testing to determine if PPIs, H2RAs, and metformin do indeed increase the risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency. Until these studies are conducted, a reasonable recommendation for physicians and their patients who are taking these drugs is to monitor vitamin B-12 status and to provide vitamin B-12 supplements if altered blood biomarkers or clinical signs consistent with low or deficient vitamin B-12 status develop.
    MeSH term(s) Histamine H2 Antagonists/adverse effects ; Homocysteine/blood ; Humans ; Metformin/adverse effects ; Methylmalonic Acid/blood ; Nutritional Status ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Transcobalamins/analysis ; Vitamin B 12/blood ; Vitamin B 12/pharmacokinetics ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/chemically induced ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Histamine H2 Antagonists ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Transcobalamins ; Homocysteine (0LVT1QZ0BA) ; Methylmalonic Acid (8LL8S712J7) ; Metformin (9100L32L2N) ; Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2583634-1
    ISSN 2156-5376 ; 2156-5376
    ISSN (online) 2156-5376
    ISSN 2156-5376
    DOI 10.1093/advances/nmy023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Assessing vitamin B-12 absorption and bioavailability: read the label.

    Miller, Joshua W / Green, Ralph

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2020  Volume 112, Issue 6, Page(s) 1420–1421

    MeSH term(s) Biological Availability ; Carbon Isotopes ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamins
    Chemical Substances Carbon Isotopes ; Vitamins ; Carbon-13 (FDJ0A8596D) ; Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa271
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  8. Article: Proton Pump Inhibitors, H2-Receptor Antagonists, Metformin, and Vitamin B-12 Deficiency: Clinical Implications

    Miller, Joshua W

    Advances in nutrition. 2018 July 01, v. 9, no. 4

    2018  

    Abstract: There is clear evidence that proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and metformin can reduce serum vitamin B-12 concentrations by inhibiting the absorption of the vitamin. However, it is unclear if the effects of these drugs on ... ...

    Abstract There is clear evidence that proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and metformin can reduce serum vitamin B-12 concentrations by inhibiting the absorption of the vitamin. However, it is unclear if the effects of these drugs on serum vitamin B-12 are associated with increased risk of biochemical or functional deficiency (as is indicated by elevated blood concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid) or clinical deficiency (including megaloblastic anemia and neurologic disorders such as peripheral neuropathy and cognitive dysfunction). This review provides an overview of vitamin B-12 absorption and biochemistry and the mechanisms by which PPIs, H2RAs, and metformin affect these functions. It also summarizes the literature relating the use of these drugs to the risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency. Also discussed is that strategies for assessing vitamin B-12 status and diagnosing vitamin B-12 deficiency have evolved in recent years beyond solely measuring serum total vitamin B-12. Multiple analyte testing, a strategy in which ≥2 of 4 biomarkers of vitamin B-12 status—serum total vitamin B-12, holotranscobalamin, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid—are measured, increases sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing vitamin B-12 deficiency. It is concluded that randomized controlled trials are now needed that use the strategy of multiple analyte testing to determine if PPIs, H2RAs, and metformin do indeed increase the risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency. Until these studies are conducted, a reasonable recommendation for physicians and their patients who are taking these drugs is to monitor vitamin B-12 status and to provide vitamin B-12 supplements if altered blood biomarkers or clinical signs consistent with low or deficient vitamin B-12 status develop.
    Keywords anemia ; antagonists ; biomarkers ; blood serum ; cognition ; homocysteine ; metformin ; methylmalonic acid ; nutrition risk assessment ; patients ; peripheral nervous system diseases ; physicians ; proton pump ; proton pump inhibitors ; signs and symptoms (animals and humans) ; vitamin B12
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0701
    Size p. 511S-518S.
    Publishing place Oxford University Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2583634-1
    ISSN 2156-5376 ; 2161-8313
    ISSN (online) 2156-5376
    ISSN 2161-8313
    DOI 10.1093/advances/nmy023
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Folic acid supplementation in a mouse model of diabetes in pregnancy alters insulin sensitivity in female mice and beta cell mass in offspring.

    Mussai, Ei-Xia / Lofft, Zoe A / Vanderkruk, Ben / Boonpattrawong, Nicha / Miller, Joshua W / Smith, Andre / Bottiglieri, Teodoro / Devlin, Angela M

    FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 11, Page(s) e23200

    Abstract: Epidemiological studies have reported discrepant findings on the relationship between folic acid intake during pregnancy and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). To begin to understand how folic acid impacts metabolic health during pregnancy, we ...

    Abstract Epidemiological studies have reported discrepant findings on the relationship between folic acid intake during pregnancy and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). To begin to understand how folic acid impacts metabolic health during pregnancy, we determined the effects of excess folic acid supplementation (5× recommendation) on maternal and fetal offspring metabolic health. Using a mouse (female C57BL/6J) model of diet-induced diabetes in pregnancy (western diet) and control mice, we show that folic acid supplementation improved insulin sensitivity in the female mice fed the western diet and worsened insulin sensitivity in control mice. We found no unmetabolized folic acid in liver from supplemented mice suggesting the metabolic effects of folic acid supplementation are not due to unmetabolized folic acid. Male fetal (gestational day 18.5) offspring from folic acid supplemented dams (western and control) had greater beta cell mass and density than those from unsupplemented dams; this was not observed in female offspring. Differential sex-specific hepatic gene expression profiles were observed in the fetal offspring from supplemented dams but this differed between western and controls. Our findings suggest that folic acid supplementation affects insulin sensitivity in female mice, but is dependent on their metabolic phenotype and has sex-specific effects on offspring pancreas and liver.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Folic Acid/pharmacology ; Folic Acid/metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Folic Acid (935E97BOY8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639186-2
    ISSN 1530-6860 ; 0892-6638
    ISSN (online) 1530-6860
    ISSN 0892-6638
    DOI 10.1096/fj.202301491R
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  10. Article ; Online: Challenges in conducting clinical nutrition research.

    Weaver, Connie M / Miller, Joshua W

    Nutrition reviews

    2017  Volume 75, Issue 7, Page(s) 491–499

    Abstract: Clinical nutrition research has played a pivotal role in establishing causality between diet or nutrient intake and health outcome measures and in the determination of dietary requirements and levels of supplementation to achieve specific outcomes. ... ...

    Abstract Clinical nutrition research has played a pivotal role in establishing causality between diet or nutrient intake and health outcome measures and in the determination of dietary requirements and levels of supplementation to achieve specific outcomes. Because the studies are performed with humans, clinical nutrition research can be readily translated into public health messages. However, there are many challenges and considerations unique to the field, such as the baseline nutritional status of study participants, defining appropriate control groups, effective blinding of participants and investigators, the evolving ethics of randomized control trials, and a tension in a priori decisions regarding inclusion of nutritionally vulnerable participants versus representative samples of general populations. Regulatory approvals that place increasing burdens on the ability of investigators to carry out and complete research protocols have grown dramatically in recent years. There is much room for improved efficiency in the approval and reporting processes aimed at protecting volunteers and providing transparency to the public. Decreased redundancy would have a direct benefit to clinical nutrition research and investigators. Despite these challenges, the information to be gained and the rewards of clinical nutrition research remain high.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diet/ethics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Nutritional Sciences/ethics ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/ethics ; Research Design
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 82067-2
    ISSN 1753-4887 ; 0029-6643
    ISSN (online) 1753-4887
    ISSN 0029-6643
    DOI 10.1093/nutrit/nux026
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