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  1. Article: A Real-World Data Study on the Impact of the ReadRx Cognitive Training and Reading Intervention on Cognition, Basic Reading Ability, and Psychosocial Skills for 3527 Children.

    Moore, Amy Lawson / Miller, Terissa M / Moore, Jeffrey J / Ledbetter, Christina

    Psychology research and behavior management

    2023  Volume 16, Page(s) 1195–1220

    Abstract: Background: The state of reading proficiency among children in the United States continues to be a subject of concern among psychologists, teachers, parents, policy makers, and the education community at large. Despite the widespread use of curricular ... ...

    Abstract Background: The state of reading proficiency among children in the United States continues to be a subject of concern among psychologists, teachers, parents, policy makers, and the education community at large. Despite the widespread use of curricular methods that teach basic reading skills, there remains a large percentage of children that struggle to read. Therefore, novel approaches to reading remediation should be explored.
    Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine 1) the effect of a multicomponent cognitive and reading intervention on cognitive and reading skills; 2) the role of ADHD, age, sex, IQ score, and individual cognitive skills on the effectiveness of the ReadRx intervention; and 3) parent-reported behavioral outcomes following the ReadRx intervention.
    Methods: The current study analyzed a large real-world dataset to examine cognitive, reading, and behavioral outcomes for struggling readers (n = 3527) who had completed 24 weeks (120 hours) of intense cognitive training integrated with a structured literacy intervention using ReadRx in a one-on-one clinic setting.
    Results: Analyses of pretest and post-test scores showed statistically significant changes on all cognitive and reading measures including attention, visual processing, processing speed, long-term memory, working memory, reasoning, phonological awareness, Work Attack, phonetic coding, spelling, comprehension, and overall IQ score with medium to very large effect sizes. The results included an average 4.1-year gain in reading skills including a 6-year gain in phonological awareness. No differences were found based on age, sex, or ADHD status, and minimal differences were found based on pre-intervention IQ score and cognitive test scores. The study also included a qualitative thematic analysis of parent-reported behavioral outcomes revealing themes of improved cognition, academic performance, and psychosocial skills including confidence and perseverance.
    Conclusion: Our findings were consistent with previous controlled studies on this intervention and offer an encouraging alternative instructional approach to reading remediation that aligns with the Science of Reading and includes intensive remediation of underlying cognitive skills.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-17
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2495093-2
    ISSN 1179-1578
    ISSN 1179-1578
    DOI 10.2147/PRBM.S397665
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Reliability Evidence for the Gibson Assessment of Cognitive Skills (GACS): A Brief Tool for Screening Cognitive Skills Across the Lifespan.

    Moore, Amy Lawson / Miller, Terissa M / Ledbetter, Christina

    Psychology research and behavior management

    2021  Volume 14, Page(s) 31–40

    Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine and report three sources of reliability evidence for the Gibson Assessment of Cognitive Skills, a paper-based, brief cognitive screening tool for children and adults measuring working memory, ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine and report three sources of reliability evidence for the Gibson Assessment of Cognitive Skills, a paper-based, brief cognitive screening tool for children and adults measuring working memory, processing speed, visual processing, logic and reasoning, and three auditory processing constructs: sound blending, sound segmenting, sound deletion along with work attack skills.
    Sample and methods: The sample (n = 103) for the current study consisted of children (n = 73) and adults (n = 30) between the ages of 6 and 80 (
    Results: Overall coefficient alphas range from 0.80 to 0.94, producing a strong source of internal consistency reliability evidence. The split-half reliability coefficients ranged from 0.83 to 0.96 overall, producing a strong second source of reliability evidence. Across all ages, the test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.83 to 0.98. For adults ages 18 to 80, test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.73 to 0.99. For children ages 6 through 17, test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from 0.89 to 0.97. All correlations were statistically significant at p < 0.001, indicating strong test-retest reliability and stability across administrations.
    Conclusion: The evidence collected for the current study suggests that the GACS is a reliable brief screening tool for assessing cognitive skill performance in both children and adults.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-13
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2495093-2
    ISSN 1179-1578
    ISSN 1179-1578
    DOI 10.2147/PRBM.S291574
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Reliability and validity of the revised Gibson Test of Cognitive Skills, a computer-based test battery for assessing cognition across the lifespan.

    Moore, Amy Lawson / Miller, Terissa M

    Psychology research and behavior management

    2018  Volume 11, Page(s) 25–35

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the revised Gibson Test of Cognitive Skills, a computer-based battery of tests measuring short-term memory, long-term memory, processing speed, logic and reasoning, ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the revised Gibson Test of Cognitive Skills, a computer-based battery of tests measuring short-term memory, long-term memory, processing speed, logic and reasoning, visual processing, as well as auditory processing and word attack skills.
    Methods: This study included 2,737 participants aged 5-85 years. A series of studies was conducted to examine the validity and reliability using the test performance of the entire norming group and several subgroups. The evaluation of the technical properties of the test battery included content validation by subject matter experts, item analysis and coefficient alpha, test-retest reliability, split-half reliability, and analysis of concurrent validity with the Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities and Tests of Achievement.
    Results: Results indicated strong sources of evidence of validity and reliability for the test, including internal consistency reliability coefficients ranging from 0.87 to 0.98, test-retest reliability coefficients ranging from 0.69 to 0.91, split-half reliability coefficients ranging from 0.87 to 0.91, and concurrent validity coefficients ranging from 0.53 to 0.93.
    Conclusion: The Gibson Test of Cognitive Skills-2 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing cognition in the general population across the lifespan.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-12
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2495093-2
    ISSN 1179-1578
    ISSN 1179-1578
    DOI 10.2147/PRBM.S152781
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Clinician-delivered cognitive training for children with attention problems: effects on cognition and behavior from the ThinkRx randomized controlled trial.

    Moore, Amy Lawson / Carpenter, Dick M / Miller, Terissa M / Ledbetter, Christina

    Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment

    2018  Volume 14, Page(s) 1671–1683

    Abstract: Purpose: The impact of attention problems on academic and social functioning coupled with the large number of children failing to respond to stimulant medication or behavioral therapy makes adjunctive therapies such as cognitive training appealing for ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The impact of attention problems on academic and social functioning coupled with the large number of children failing to respond to stimulant medication or behavioral therapy makes adjunctive therapies such as cognitive training appealing for families and clinicians of children with attention difficulties or childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, the results of cognitive training studies have failed to find far transfer effects with this population. This study examined the quantitative cognitive effects and parent-reported behavioral effects of a clinician-delivered cognitive training program with children who have attention problems.
    Patients and methods: Using a randomized controlled study design, we examined the impact of a clinician-delivered cognitive training program on processing speed, fluid reasoning, memory, visual processing, auditory processing, attention, overall intelligence quotient score, and behavior of students (n=13) aged 8-14 years with attention problems. Participants were randomly assigned to either a waitlist control group or a treatment group for 60 hours of cognitive training with ThinkRx, a clinician-delivered intervention that targets multiple cognitive skills with game-like, but rigorous mental tasks in 60-90-minute training sessions at least 3 days per week.
    Results: Results included greater mean pretest to posttest change scores on all variables for the treatment group versus the control group with statistically significant differences noted in working memory, long-term memory, logic and reasoning, auditory processing, and intelligence quotient score. Qualitative outcomes included parent-reported changes in confidence, cooperation, and self-discipline.
    Conclusion: Children with attention problems who completed 60 hours of clinician-delivered ThinkRx cognitive training realized both cognitive and behavioral improvements.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-26
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2186503-6
    ISSN 1178-2021 ; 1176-6328
    ISSN (online) 1178-2021
    ISSN 1176-6328
    DOI 10.2147/NDT.S165418
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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